Me kwayoyin ware a cikin wani musamman daula rayuwa yanayi?

All rayayyun kwayoyin halitta a wannan duniya tamu ta hanyar hukuma kimiyya za a iya subdivided cikin da dama manyan kungiyoyin da cewa sun hada da wani babban iri-iri iri da kuma subspecies. Me kwayoyin ware a cikin wani musamman daula? Don wannan akwai musamman dalilai, damar masana kimiyya yi amfani da irin wannan rarrabuwa. Bari ke kai da zan bincika al'amarin.

biyu kungiyoyin

Me kwayoyin ware a cikin wani musamman daula? Amsar ne quite sauki: dukan abubuwa masu rai a wannan duniya tamu za a iya raba siddan cikin biyu manyan kungiyoyin: prokaryotes da eukaryotes. A karo na biyu ya hada da namomin kaza tare da shuke-shuke da dabbobi - kwayar kwayoyin.

Farko da kwayoyin cuta suna yadu wakilta (ma tsianovodoroslyami da microscopic fungi). Wakilai na farko kungiyar da muhimman hakkokin bambance-bambance, da barin kwayoyin ware a matsayin na musamman mutane, isolating su daga sauran. Me ya sa kwayoyin ware a cikin wani musamman daula? Abin da bambanci ba su bambanta daga sauran juyin halitta?

Babban bambancin, ko me ya sa kwayoyin ware a cikin wani musamman daula?

Babban bambancin, kunna a gudanar da irin wannan rarrabuwa: prokaryote yana da wani tsakiya akwai madauwari DNA kai tsaye a cikin cytoplasm (da ake kira da aiki kashi daga gare nucleoid). A eukaryotes, a daya hannun, da zuciyar ƙunshi a fili da kuma hereditary data rabu da cytoplasm na bawo. Saboda haka, mun ga cewa kwayoyin cuta ne quite daban-daban daga wasu halittu masu rai cewa zauna a duniya, a cikin su ciki tsari.

Bugu da kari, mafi yawan daga cikin wakilan da sauran uku mulkokin - dabbobi da shuke-shuke da kuma namomin kaza - kwayar halitta. Kuma kusan dukkan kwayoyin unicellular.

Bugu da ari siffofin

Akwai ƙarin dalilai fahimtar me ya sa kwayoyin ware a cikin wani musamman daula.

• Tun prokaryotes ba core, babu irin wannan abu a matsayin mitosis. Su haifa a sauki rabo na sel a cikin rabin.
• A eukaryotes, da manyan ribosomal ne da wasu gabbansa: da mitochondria da cell cibiyoyin da endoplasmic reticulum. A rawar da kwayan membrane wasu gabbansa kwashe mesosoma - protuberances a cikin jini membrane, kuma ribosomes - kananan maras membrane wasu gabbansa.
• Prokaryotic Kwayoyin ne sosai kasa da cewa na eukaryotes (diamita - game da 10 sau da ƙarfi - game da dubu).

A kamance na biyu kungiyoyin

Duk da haka, wakilan duk kungiyoyi ne irin wannan a cikin tsarin. Kwayoyin na wani rai gabar dauke: da farko, da jini membrane, kuma abu na biyu, da cytoplasm, uku, ribosomes. Wannan mulki ya shafi dukan wakilan ba a cikin hali da mulkoki.

bambancin

Saboda haka, mun kafa dalilin da ya sa kwayoyin ware a cikin wani musamman daula na rayayyun kwayoyin halitta. A mulkin ne da gaske babban, da ya hada da mai fadi da bambancin hada archaea da eubacteria, microscopic fungi da cyanobacteria. Karkashin yau kwayoyin kimiyya gane da karami kwayoyin, prokaryotes, wanda aka halin da salon salula tsarin (size - 0.1-30 microns).

Wadannan halittu suke gani gani, ba tare da taimakon musamman Tantancewar na'urorin, shi ne jiki ba zai yiwu ba. Yana da daidaituwa ba to da sabuwar dabara na microscope na'ura, da kuma ko don wani lokaci bayan wasu manyan malaman kimiyya (wannan ya hada da, misali, da kuma sanannen Karl Linney) hana wanzuwar yanayin wadannan muhimmanci sosai kwayoyin, riqon su game da dabararsa. A halin yanzu, masana kimiyya sun yi karatu ne kawai game da biyu da rabi dubu jinsunan wannan mulkin. Amma yawa saura da za a gano - shi ne har yanzu ba a san irinsa. A nazarin daban-daban kwayoyin da hannu a wani musamman reshe na kimiyya - ilimin. Ta duba mafi yawa mazaunan duniya tamu, wadda ne ganuwa zuwa ido tsirara.