Mawãƙi Yan Raynis: biography, siffofi m, ban sha'awa facts

Yan Raynis - da aka sani Latvian mawãƙi, fitaccen marubuci, zurfin tunani da kuma siyasa, wanda ya yi wani gagarumin tasiri a kan samuwar al'adu da shaidar dan kasa daga cikin mutanen kasar su ne a lokacin da samuwar samun 'yancin kai.

yara

Janis Pliekshans (da sunan marubuci, aka ba shi a haihuwa) da aka haife Satumba 11, 1865 a Estate Tadenava - mafi m kusurwa na Latvia, located in Courland. Mafi kusa cibiyar al'adu a wannan ƙasa shi ne birni na shopkeepers, sana'a, da masassaƙa - Dinaburg (Daugavpils). Yaron koya su kiyaye yanayi. farkon yara abubuwan mafi kyau sai ya tuna lokacin rani, da kyau kore filayen da kuma blue ruwa, Tuddan gandun daji hanyoyi da rana, da kyau ikon da aka har yanzu ji a marubucin wakoki. By cikin taskar adam kerawa na gaba marubuci ya shiga mahaifiyarsa, Anakin Pliekshane, mai hankali mace da kuma aiki. Ta rera waka mai yawa, da kuma Yan Raynis gudanar ya rubuta wani babban yawan jama'a songs.

Uba Yahaya quite wani arziki mutum - wani baƙauye wanda ya iya da kansa a cimma wata barga kudi halin da ake ciki, kuma ya ba da wani kyakkyawan ilimi ga yaro. Daga wani wuri yara yaron ya saku a Rasha da kuma Jamus, daga baya karatu Latin kuma Faransa. A kusa sani da biography na Janis ya bayyana cewa mawãƙi yi magana m ma a Lithuanian, Belarushiyanci, Polish da Italian.

makaranta shekaru

Tun 1880 Raynis Yan tafi karatu a Riga City makaranta, sa'an nan "chewed" dutse kimiyya a St. Petersburg University a baiwa doka. A cewar Yang, da shari'a sana'a ya zaɓa, wanda ya so ya zama da kaina a cikin rãyuwar jihar, ta hanyar mayar da shi a mafi hanya. A wannan lokaci ya karanta mai girma da yawa. Waɗannan su ne ayyukan marubuta na tsufa (Aeschylus, Sophocles, Homer, Herodotus, Plutarch) da kuma marubuta na zamani sau (Shakespeare, Byron, Lermontov, Shelley, Heine, Pushkin). Layi daya da aka fassara da manyan ayyukan da duniya litattafansu.

Sai ya zama a St. Petersburg, cikin shimfiɗar jariri, da juyin juya halin Musulunci mawãƙi ya rantse amincewa da proletariat kuma zuwa rana ta ƙarshe bauta zai amfane shi.

jarida da

Bayan kammala, Yan Raynis, wanda biography ne batu na musamman girman kai ga countrymen, ya dauki wani aiki a kan wata sana'a: na farko a Vilnius, sa'an nan a Berlin, Panevezys, Jelgava. Bayan kare dissertation a 1891, ya zama wani dan takarar na shari'a sciences, amma fairly sauki ban kwana ga mai alamar aiki a matsayin lauya. A lokaci guda Yan Raynis tsanani sha'awar siyasa, ya m da wallafe-wallafen aikin, samu da jaridar "Dienas Lapa", bisa ga bukatun kusa da zamantakewa-demokra] iyya ruhu. Wannan Editorial shekaru kasance mafi hayayyafa lokaci aikin jaridar aiki Yana Raynisa. A mawãƙi rubuta wakoki, da sake dubawa, reviews na siyasa da kuma polemical articles, ya zama daya daga cikin mafi kyau da kuma rare da 'yan jarida na kasar.

a gudun hijira

Mawãƙi Rainis Yang, wanda biography ne mai gaske sha'awa cikin da fadi da kewayon masu karatu, rayayye ya yi yaƙi domin neman sauyi ideas, ga abin da akai-akai kasance a kurkuku. A karo na farko ya kasance a kurkuku a 1897. A 1899, da mawãƙi aka fitar da su 5 shekaru a cikin Vyatka lardin - daya daga cikin cibiyoyin siyasa hijira, aka sani na da m swamps kuma m mai yawa gandun daji. Yana yana can, a cikin lardin Rasha gari daga ruwan ruhaniya aiki Rainis wallafa farko tarin waqe "The m amo mara sa a cikin blue dare" (1903), a fili nuna ta m da kuma ruhaniya tafiya domin kusan shekaru 20.

Bayan ya dawo gida Rainis ciyar biyu musamman m shekaru na rayuwa. By lokacin da mawãƙi aka aure zuwa wani sanannen mawãƙi Aspasia, ya kasance shekaru 38 da haihuwa, kuma ya aka cikakken tsunduma a zaman jama'a aiki da kuma m ayyukan. Yang yi yawa bugawa a rallies da kuma tarurruka, ya dauki wani aiki sashi a cikin Congress na Latvian malamai hada kai tare da Social Democrats, tafiya zuwa Moscow a matsayin wakili. Tare da Murna da farin ciki mawãƙi mayar da martani kan juyin juya halin na 1905, wanda ya dauki wani kai tsaye ɓangare.

A mafi muhimmanci yi na wannan lokaci ne mai girma aya wasan kwaikwayo "Wutã da Night" - da babban aiki na Latvian wasan kwaikwayo.

Biography kuma marubucin littafin

Raynis Yan da matarsa bayan da shan kashi na m tawaye ya yi hijira zuwa Switzerland, inda ya rayu na tsawon shekaru 15. Wannan wannan kasa mawãƙi kira na biyu gida. Ga duniya gan irin ayyukan da marubucin matsayin "The End da Farko", "Silent Littafi", "New Force", "Waɗanda ba su manta da", "Daugava", "Ku hũra, Wind", "Wutã da Night", "Yusufu da 'yan'uwansa "," Golden doki ". Kwaikwaiyo da waqe Raina ya zama mafi kyau misalai wakoki a Latvia, baya sawa a sakandare hali da kuma koyi da Jamusanci wallafe-wallafe.

A karshe shekaru ransa

Bayan ya sake ta riga m Latvia, inda shi da matarsa, dubban mutane gaishe matsayin kasa heroes, Yan Raynis rubuta da bala'i "Ilya Muromets" sa'an nan wallafa wani littafin wakoki "Biyar Sketchbooks na Dagda." Bayan jawabin karshe 9 shekaru ransa a Riga, da mawãƙi dauki wani aiki tarayya a rayuwar siyasa, aka zabe shi da majalisar da aka kafa na Latvia, shi ne daya daga cikin mawallafa na kundin tsarin mulki na kasar da kuma ko halarci zaben shugaban kasa, wanda aka rasa. Daga 1921 zuwa 1925 ya yi aiki a matsayin darektan na Moscow Art Theater. A manyan yawan mataki ayyukan da aka kawota ta National Theatre a zamanin mulkin Rainis. Daga 1926 zuwa 1928, Yan Raynis aiki a matsayin Ministan Ilimi, da kuma a shekara ta 1925 karbi mafi kyautar na kasar - cikin Order of Three Stars 1 digiri.

A rayuwa na Latvian mawãƙi m, a Jurmala, 12 Satumba 1929. Yan Raynis bar ba zato ba tsammani, da barin Siyasa kayan for fiye da dari guda da ba a kare ba. Binne duniya-sanannen marubuci a New hurumi, daga baya suna biye da shi. A 1943, Jan aka binne shi kusa da matarsa, Aspasia.

Kwaikwaiyo Yana Raynisa sanya, a matakai na sinimomi ba kawai Latvian, amma kuma dukan duniya, da kuma da shayari, da aka buga a cikin sabon fassara, daukan miliyoyin masu karatu.