Management fi'ilai a cikin harshen Jamus: dokoki da misalai

Management fi'ilai a Jamus - haka ne da ikon da wannan ɓangare na magana zuwa bukaci a bullo da wani tsari kalmar da ta dogara da shi (za a iya amfani da a matsayin hujjar, kuma ba tare da shi). Wannan topic ya kasance quite musamman, wajibi ne a yi la'akari da shi a cikin mafi daki-daki.

Affixes da wurãrenta

fi'ilai management aka samu ba kawai a Jamus. A Rasha, kuma za a iya kiyaye. Za ka iya ganin 'yan misalai. Wonder - abin da, ga wa? A wannan yanayin, suna ne a dogara da dative. Wani misali: sha'awan - abin da, da wanda? Yana Instrumental. A karshe, na karshe misali dogara - a kan abin da, ga wa? A wannan yanayin upotreblon accusative, da kuma wani bigire. Wannan shi ne abin da management fi'ilai. Amma wannan shi ne daya hali. Idan muka magana game da abin da ya kama management Jamus fi'ilai, zamu iya cewa da manufa ne guda.

A cikin misali na Rasha harshen

Zane wani misalin da Rasha waje harshe, koyi da topic jũya yawa sauri. A wannan yanayin, ya kamata ka yi haka nan. Ga daya daga cikin mafi misali misalai: sehen Yah (Akk) - ga wani ko wani abu (accusative). helfen JM (Dat) - don taimaka wani (dative). Wannan kama shi ne saboda ya nuna gaskiyar cewa yin amfani da fi'ili a cikin harshe da kuma a Jamus sau da yawa ko dai gaba daya m, ko irin wannan. Duk da haka, wannan ya aikata ba a dukkan lokuta. Ga misali: "sich interessieren für Akk" (fassara: interested in wani abu). A amfani da wannan hade zai yi kama da wannan: "Ich interessiere Mich für Musik" (fassara: Ina sha'awar music). A misali ya nuna cewa a cikin Rasha harshen bayan da aiki fi'ilai (watau. E. "Sha'awar") wajibi ne don saka suna. Amma a Jamus shi zai zama accusative da kuma ko da yaushe gafara "für" (fassara a cikin Rasha a matsayin "ga" ko "to").

prepositions

Ya kamata a lura da wani nuance cewa characterizes management da fi'ilai a Jamus. Gaskiyar ita ce, a irin haka ne yawanci ba ya gane da darajar da na kowa uzuri. Wancan ne, shi yana bi da ɗan daban. Dauki, misali, baya misali. Mutane suka yi nazarin Jamus, san cewa bigire "für" mafi yawa ana amfani a cikin tunani da wani. Bari mu ce, "Ich raira für dich" - "Na raira waƙa don ku." Kuma akwai da hujjar da aka yi amfani da matsayin m. Yana iya ze counterintuitive ga wani wanda yake kawai koyo. Duk da haka, wannan ne bayani dalla-dalla, wanda yana da iko da Jamusanci fi'ilai. Ga misalai na wannan mulki ne da sauki fahimta: "magana game da wani abu" - "sprechen über A.". "Denken wani" - "don tunani game da wani abu," da dai sauransu

Nau'in na kula da fi'ilai

Wani muhimmin al'amari da ya sani - maimakon wani suna ne, wani lokacin sa da wakilin suna. More fiye samu a matsayin daya ko wani bangare na jawabin, watau. E. The Combined amfani. Kuma yanzu bukatar magana game da abin da su ne daban-daban, wanda ya kasu kashi management fi'ilai a Jamus. Lissafa su kananan:

1. Fi'ilai cewa bukatar yin amfani da nominative (watau. E. Nominative).
2. Wadanda cewa bukatar zama accusative (watau. E. A accusative).
3. Fi'ilai cewa bukatar da bullo da wani tsari dative (t. E. Dative).
4. Har ila yau, wadanda suke so biyu accusative da dative (da bi, da kuma accusative, kuma dative).
5. Fi'ilai cewa bukatar biyu accusative.
6. Waɗanda suke bukatar wani gabatarwar genitive (t. F. Genitive).
7. Fi'ilai tare da genitive da accusative.
8. Kuma a karshe, kawai sassa na magana da prepositions.

Wannan jerin kamata ya tuna da - haka koyi management Jamus fi'ilai (Table wanda za a bai kasa) zai zama sauƙin. Amma yana da daraja a san cewa, babu wuya da kuma sauri mulki cewa ya nuna yadda yake da possessive hali aiwatarda wani musamman fi'ili.

M yi shawara

Kowane mutum tsunduma a cikin binciken na harsuna, ya san cewa wani lokaci ya dogara da shiri na magana ma'anarta. Saboda haka, yin amfani da daya fi'ili da dama lokuta (ko uzuri), da darajar shawara ne sosai daban-daban. Bari mu ce kalmar "Ich habe Sie verstanden" da aka fassara a matsayin "Na gane ku." Ga kalmomin da aka yi amfani da na uku da tsari, da kuma a lokaci guda a baya siga. Amma idan ka gina jumla kamar haka: "Ich bin mit Ihnen einverstanden", an fassara ta a matsayin "na yarda da ku." A ka'ida, da kalmomin da alaka, amma idan ka "kokarin" wadannan phrases zuwa wani tattaunawar, da ma'anar iya canza cin zarafi ba. Amma har yanzu mafi muhimmanci a rarrabe al'amarin siffofin sunaye. Rasha version na Jamus bambanta ƙwarai. Fi'ili a lokuta da dama na bukatar a sa a baya da wakilin suna "sich", kuma shi ne ma wajibi ne a saka a cikin wani batu (ko Akkusativ, ko Dativ). Za ka iya yi a matsayin misali na wani tayin cewa sauti kamar: "Ich interessiere Mich für Ihre Arbeit". Idan ka fassara shi a cikin Rasha kalma for kalma, ka samu: "Ina mamaki da kaina da aikinku." A gaskiya ma, cikin Jamusawa fahimta shi mafi kawai: "Ina sha'awar a cikin aikin."

Koyi da kuma tuna

Just haddacen kalmomi, za ka iya Master da iko da fi'ilai a Jamus. A cikakken jerin ne quite ban sha'awa, amma su koyi da shi sosai. Dole ka fahimci cewa ba tare da fi'ili shawara ba gina, dole ne a ce cewa wannan ɓangare na magana ne mafi akai-akai amfani, da kuma a cikin kowane harshe. A zahiri a cikin kowane jumla shi ne. Anrufen (kiran), anfangen (fara), antworten (amsar), arbeiten (ga aikin), da kuma fiye da - duk wadannan kalmomi da muka yi amfani da a yau da kullum jawabin da kullum, hourly. Kuma idan kana so ka yi nazarin Jamus harshe a cikin cikakken har, sa'an nan irin wannan batu a matsayin management na Jamus fi'ilai, kana bukatar ka dauki lokaci. Amma ba ma wuya, saboda uzuri ne ba sosai, kazalika da na lokuta, tsananin magana. Da kuma sanin kayan yau da kullum na Jamus harshe (kuma, bi da bi, da ciwon takamaiman sa na ƙamus, fi'ilai), yana yiwuwa don Master batun sauki da kuma sauri. Babban abu - sha'awar ilimi.