Lev Kuleshov: biography da kuma hoto

Wannan labarin ya bayyana biography da kuma aiki na Lev Kuleshov. A lokacin rayuwarsa, ya gudanar a samu wani screenwriter, malami, likita a Art Tarihi da kuma jama'ar kasar Artist na Tarayyar Soviet. Bugu da kari, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin binciken na bayani dalla-dalla na yin fim da kuma tace na art.

asali data

Lev Kuleshov rayu a haske da kuma m rayuwa, cike da abubuwan. Ya akai-akai saki autobiographical littattafai, da mafi kyau a gare su samu "Cinema Art" da kuma "Yadda na zama darektan," kazalika da yawan articles a mujallar "Bulletin a Cinematography", babban manufar wanda ya kai ga masu karatu na da m kwarewa.

A cikin ayyukansu, Kuleshov kasance daga ra'ayin cewa actor da shimfidar wuri ne daidai, kuma a mafi yawan lokuta, da karshen taka har ma fiye da muhimmiyar rawa. Sanadiyar haka ne, wata babbar adadi a kan aiwatar da samar da wani movie ne ba ko da wani darektan da artist. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa idan darektan ba shi da isasshen m basira, ba za ka taba iya haifar da mai kyau jobs.

A matsayin misali, Leo buga hali a lokacin da fari hairpin hairstyle a kan bawa washe duk da alama na wasa 'yan wasan kwaikwayo wasa kewaye da shimfidar wuri na baki kyalle. Ya yi imani da cewa fim ne da farko na gani, yin zane-zane, don haka shi ne artist-darektan kamata na taka muhimmiyar rawa a yin fim.

Learning

Kamar mahaifinsa, wanda ya mutu a 1911, Leo zarar ya ji wani craving ga kyau da kuma zama sha'awar a cikin zane-zane, amma ya ci gaba tare da kusa nazarin Lev Kuleshov iya kawai bayan ya yi a shekara ta 1914 tare da mahaifiyarsa da kuma dan'uwansa koma rayuwa a Moscow. Akwai, bayan maimaita ziyara ga art studio, da ya yanke shawarar koya wa fenti, kazalika da mai artists, kuma shi zai fara zuwa kai darussa daga artist-malama I. F. Smirnova. Lokacin horo ya ya iya ba kawai domin qarfafa a soyayya ga Leo gargajiya zanen, amma kuma su koyi su rarrabe fice aiki na mai son. Sai ya zama a cikin shawarwarin da malamin Kuleshov da kuma karanta ta farko da littafin na siyasa fuskantarwa, kamar "Capital" Karla Marksa da Lenin da Plekhanov ta rubuce-rubucen.

Bayan kammala mutum horo, sai ya shiga cikin shahararrun Moscow School of zanen, inda a baya horar ba kawai mahaifinsa, amma kuma wani sanannen mawãƙi Vladimir Mayakovsky, wanda ya gama da shi kadan a baya. Abin lura shi ne cewa da shi a Kuleshov daga baya kafa karfi abota.

iyali

Babu daya a cikin iyali ya sani ba yadda na ƙwarai mutum za ta zama Lev Kuleshov, wanda sirri rai da aka cika da wani taro na events. Ya aka haife kan Janairu 1st (tsohon style) 1899 a Tambov. Mahaifinsa, Vladimir Sergeyevich, ya zo daga wani matalauta daraja iyali. A lokaci daya, anci iyaye, Vladimir zo ya yi nazarin zane-zane, a wannan makaranta na Moscow, wanda zai ci gaba da koyi da shi da ɗansa Leo.

Bayan kammala karatu, ya, da rashin alheri, bai iya fara aiki a filin na zanen da ya tafi aiki fiye da wani suna fadin matsayi a cikin Tambov remingtonista duniya majalisa. A gaskiya ma, ya hada biyu matsayi a lokaci daya, kuma ya kasance duka wani magatakarda da kuma mai bugun tafireta. A daidai wannan lokaci da so ga kerawa kai shi ga fara yin a cikin kayayyakin lokaci hannunka-kõma hoto. Uwar Lion Pelagia Alexandrovna sa na farko sunan Shubin. Ta yara ta shafe a cikin marayu, bayan da a saki wanda yake zuwa auren yi aiki a kauyen matsayin malami. Abin lura shi ne cewa ta hoto sanya a lokacin da mahaifinsa, har yanzu rataye a cikin Apartment Lev Kuleshov. Abin lura shi ne cewa Kuleshov mazan wa Boris, wanda ya mutu a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu.

sha'awar ga gidan wasan kwaikwayo

Kamar mafi yawan m mutane, Lev Kuleshov ba su kubuta sha'awar ga gidan wasan kwaikwayo.

Kamar yadda wani almajiri daga cikin artist-malamin I. F. Smirnova, ya ya iya aiki a kan halittar shimfidar wuri domin daya daga cikin ayyukan da play "Eugene Onegin" ga gidan wasan kwaikwayo Zimin, amma ga m aiki a cikin wasan kwaikwayo Kuleshov, ba a san a lokacin a m da'ira, don haka babu wanda gayyace. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa, duk da dukan} o} arin, cikin mafarki na Theatrical aiki da kuma kasa materialize.

Early aiki

Kuleshov Lev Vladimirovich farko ci karo kinodeyatelnostyu a 1916, a lokacin da ya gudanar a samu aiki a matsayin ado zane-zane a cikin fim studio A. Khanzhonkov. Ba na karshe rawar da aka buga ta taimaka uwar daya daga cikin makaranta, wanda ya gabatar da wani filmmaker Leo A. Gromov, wanda riga ya taimake shi don samun wani fim studio. Wannan shi ne inda talanti ɗaya na saurayin ya iya tura a cike da karfi. Karkashin jagorancin darektan Evgeniya Bauera, wanda ya hadu da a wurin aiki, Leo da sauri fahimci kayan yau da kullum na wani sabon sana'a. A daya daga autobiographical littattafai Kuleshov ambaci cewa aikin da Bauer ya muhimmanci daban-daban daga aiki tare da sauran gudanarwa, a matsayin unfettered kerawa na Leo, kyale matasa zuwa cikakken bayyana da iyawa.

A nan gaba, da aiki tare da sauran gudanarwa hanya Kuleshov ta yi ya zama mafi namiji hali. Duk da cewa ya a wancan lokaci ya kasance kawai 18 years old, ya ya riga hankali fara dauki matakai na farko da ya ci gaba naka style lokacin da ka yi wani movie shimfidar wuri.

A farko nasarorin

Duk da kasancewar nasu theories a fagen harbi wani movie, Lev Kuleshov, wanda fina-finan za su ci gaba da zama musamman rare, shi ya kasance da farko a yin aiki. Saboda haka, a farkon ya aiki, ya sanya tare da wani motsi hoto da umarni V. Polonsky, da ake kira "Love Song Nedopetaya". Duk da haka, da rashin alheri, da fim da fim bai tsira zuwa yau.

A shekarar 1918, ya sanya kansa movie kira "Project Engineer Prayta". Abin takaici, wannan aiki ya kasance wurare, amma a cikin credits suna Kuleshov an ambaci sau biyu: duka biyu kamar yadda wani darektan da kuma matsayin artist. Ya yi ƙoƙari ya nuna saba da karfi da lafiya mutanen da suka rayu a cikin real duniya, don haka mafi yawan mataki a cikin movie aka yin fim a masana'antu, Railway tashoshin da makarantu. Jim kadan bayan da fim ya fito, ya samun wani aiki a Kuleshov kinofotootdele Narcompros a matsayin shugaban da sashe na fim tace, kana darakta newsreels.

Cikin shahararrun fina-finan

The abubuwan da ke faruwa a kan siyasa gaban a 1918-1920, sami wani real gani a cikin zane-zane, wanda aka yin fim Lev Kuleshov. Ya m Filmography. Mafi shahara newsreel kaset:

• "Opening kaya daga Sergiya Radonezhskogo".
• "Revision na tsakiya kwamitin zartarwa a Tver lardin."
• "Ural".
• "A farko All-Russian aikin yini."

A tsakanin yin fim movie "A cikin Red Front" da kuma "The m Kasadar Mr. West a cikin Land na Bolsheviks," Kuleshov, wanda ya yi nasarar kafa kansa a matsayin darektan, kulawa don haifar da kansa kinomasterskuyu, rubuta a yawan articles da kuma aiki a matsayin malami a jihar film makaranta.

karrama

Duk da cewa Lev Kuleshov yin fim mai yawa nasa fina-finai, ya real m Take-kashe ya faru ne kawai a karshen da ya directorial aiki:

• 1933 - "The Great Consoler."
• 1942 - "The rantsuwa Timur" scenario for A. P. Gaydara.
• 1943 - "Mu ne daga Urals."

A 1941, manyan aikin Kuleshov kira "Basics na Film directing" da aka buga, wanda aka fassara a cikin da yawa waje harsuna kuma yana da gagarumin tasiri a kan ci gaban da cinematic tsari.

Bayan haka, Leo yanke shawarar da ya nutsu da kansa ga koyarwa a VGIK, domin ya sami damar koyar da art matasa gudanarwa yin fina-finai.

Kuleshov sakamako

Idan kowa zai iya yi da tasiri kai tsaye a kan fim harbi dabara, don haka yana da Lev Kuleshov, shigarwa na wanda a karon farko a yarda to connect dabam kama da wani ɓaɓɓake daga juna a tare da tare da fuska irin ta mutum da ake zargin ya fuskanci da kuma fahimta a dama daban-daban motsin zuciyarmu. wannan ra'ayi ne da ake kira "Kuleshov Effect" a cikin cinematic duniya.

Daga baya gani sakamako kunshi a gaskiyar cewa da dama sauti superimposed a kan ido, kuma ya, bi da bi, shi ne sautunan da kuma dangane da launi a cikin hanyoyi daban-daban sun bayyana abun ciki.

ƙarshe

A lokacin rayuwarsa, Kuleshov ya samu a yawan rarrabe awards, daraja da kuma kimiyya digiri:

• Doctor of Arts.
• Mutane ta Artist na RSFSR.
• The Order of Lenin.
• Order of Red Banner na Labor.

A karshe shekaru ransa Lev Kuleshov fi son ciyar da matarsa Aleksandroy Hohlovoy. Ya mutu a kan Maris 29, 1970, aka binne shi a cikin Novodevichy hurumi (1 site, 14th jere).