Lawmaking: manufar, ka'idoji, iri

An sani cewa da norms na dabi'a da kuma dabi'un bayyana a cikin al'umma dangane da zamantakewa da kwarewa da kuma ba batun - marubuta da suka zo tare da su. Ba shi da lokaci da kuma bayyanar da wani halin kirki da kuma halayyarsu da hali. A bambanci ga norms na dabi'a da kuma xa'a, da bin doka da oda bayyana da kuma ci gaba ko da yaushe a cikin shakka daga masu sana'a aiki na musamman jama'a cibiyoyin. Wannan tsari ne da ake magana a kai a matsayin dokar shawara. Saboda haka, dokar-yin, manufar, ka'idoji, iri dokar-yin shi ne ko da yaushe na ra'ayin wani kuma lockable a lokacin. A bisa ga al'ada, dokar-yin a mafi yawan lokuta tsunduma a musamman halitta wannan dalili gabobin da ke jihar. A causal tushen lawmaking ne pravoobrazovaniya - kafa a rayuwar al'umma da lokacin da al'adar gudanar da izinin dokoki da ba su gabatar a cikin nau'i na doka ayyukan.

Kamar yadda tsarin aka gyara kunshe a cikin dokar-yin: ra'ayi, ka'idoji, iri da kuma siffofin. Kamar yadda aka ambata riga, lawmaking ne kusan ko da yaushe wadda ta gabãta daga wani dokar-domin shi ne manufar da abun ciki shi ne mafi fadi fiye da ra'ayi da kuma manufofin lawmaking.

The sabon abu na lawmaking suna classified a kan daban-daban filaye. Alal misali, dokar-yin, manufar, ka'idoji, views bambanta a kan gabar, wato, ga waɗanda cibiyoyin da suke da dama a gudanar da wannan irin aiki. Akwai wani nau'i na dokar-yin, kamar yadda wani raba gardama, wanda shi ne mai kai tsaye kuma nan da nan dokar-yin dukan mutane, da za'ayi a cikin shakka daga zabe. A wasu ƙasashe, kamar Switzerland, wannan nau'in ne na asali a cikin yin mafi muhimmanci yanke shawara domin dukan ƙasar, ko da wani musamman yankin, a wani shekara a wannan kasar ne da za'ayi har zuwa uku da rabi dubu kuri'ar raba gardama. Mafi na kowa irin su ne dokokin da yin, za'ayi da wani musamman kafa domin manufar hukumar da ke mulki. A wannan matakin, kuma ya haskaka daban-daban da kuma siffofin dokar shawara.

Alal misali, idan jama'a dillancin kanta tasowa dokar da kanta ba shi doka da karfi, irin aiki ne classified kamar yadda kai tsaye dokar shawara. A ra'ayi, ka'idoji, iri shi ne ma ana ci gaba da wannan jiki.

Idan jama'a jiki wuce aiki a kan halittar doka dokoki zuwa wani jiki, shi ne ake kira wakilai lawmaking. Izini kira wannan dokar-yin aiki a cikin abin da jama'a dalĩli kawai amince da doka ayyukan ci gaba da sauran kungiyoyin, ciki har da ba na gwamnati.

Hukunci rarraba ma samu doka da karfi na doka yi. Alal misali, majalisar sa da dokokin - kamar yadda mafi girma majalisu jiki. Shi ne ya prerogative yake kunshe a cikin kundin tsarin mulki. All sauran cibiyoyin da ikon a cikin wannan harka dauki bylaws.

Modern doka kimiyya ya gano da wadannan ka'idojin dokar-yin:

- dimokuradiyya, da ake sa ran shiga a cikin majalisu tsari ga widest yiwu kewayon 'yan ƙasa. An aiwatar a wannan siffofin matsayin plebiscite, raba gardama, jama'a tattaunawa, gaskiya, ayyuka na majalisar dokokin kasar.

- dokokin bayar ga karfinsu na dokokin na matakai daban-daban da doka yi ba ta tare da sauran shari'a ayyukan mafi girma doka karfi.

- kimiyya ya shafi kawo ga halittar dokokin masana harkokin kimiyyar da kuma yin amfani da kimiyya. Wannan manufa ne yadu shawarar yin amfani da majalissun aiwatar da duniya da kwarewa da wannan aiki, da tara yi, wadannan nazari bayanai a kan canje-canje a cikin doka sani na al'umma.

- timeliness, wanda aka fahimci matsayin da bukatar zabi daidai da musamman tallafi na doka. Wannan an tabbatar da babban kwarewa da kuma iyawa na membobin dokar-yin ayyukan.

- Executive, kyale su ci gaba da dauki sosai tasiri doka ayyukan.

- talla da kuma sadarwa a ka'idar da yi, da samar talla lawmaking.