Khokhloma toys da kayayyakinsa - wani hadisin cewa ya zama wayewar

Khokhloma zanen kamar yadda Dymkovo wasa, Vologda yadin da aka saka, Pavlovo shawl da sauran handicrafts daidai da ruhu da kuma hadisai na mu mutane. Yau, sha'awa a cikin wannan art nau'i ne na girma relentlessly. Khokhloma toys, fentin glassware da furniture ne ba kawai gidan kayan gargajiya guda, amma kuma wani ɓangare na rayuwar mu. A su za a tattauna a yau.

mabiya painters

Shi ba a san yadda akwai Khokhloma zanen. Kamar yadda zamani Concepts, kama kifi da ke mayar da fiye da shekaru 300. Ya bayyana a cikin Volga, akwai a yanzu da ƙasa Koverninskii yanki Gorky yankin. Khokhloma toys da kuma kitchen kayayyakinsa daban-daban musamman zuma-zinariya bango launi ko juna cikakken bayani. Shi ne wanda ya sa wani musamman sa hannu. An yi imani da cewa fasahar don samar da irin wannan launi da aka dauka daga Masters na Old Muminai. Sun kasance iya ba da gumaka zinariya Sheen ba tare da yin amfani da daraja karfe.

fasahar

Babu matsala da yake rufe da Khokhloma zanen: toys, kayayyakinsa ko furniture - canza launi manufa ne guda. Da katako workpiece rufe da ƙasa kuma varnish, sa'an nan shafa tare da aluminum foda. A baya can, an yi amfani da maimakon tin, duk da haka, fasahar zamani na da damar don samar da aluminum a manyan lambobin, da kuma cewa shi ya sa shi yanzu yi amfani da aiwatar da samar Khokhloma kayayyakinsa. Mai rufi karfe foda Paint samfurin. To, shi ne sake rufi da varnish da biyu yadudduka na varnish, sa'an nan da workpiece an aika a cikin gagarumar wuta. Daga can, fentin abubuwa daga zinariya riga. A high zafin jiki musamman shafi canza launi kayayyakin, da kuma ƙarfe Layer bada rarrabe Sheen.

Kyau da kuma karfi

Launi halayyar Khokhloma, samu godiya ga na musamman abun da ke ciki, da sutura da juna. Duk da haka, da darajar da wannan kayayyakin ba kawai a kyaunsu. Varnish da kare zanen, shi ne musamman resistant. Ya kasance ba ji tsoro na wani high zafin jiki ko inji mataki. Khokhloma toys iya amince ba to da yara. Ko da yara yanke shawara su fanshe su a cikin kankara ruwa, tare da fentin kome ya faru. Wannan ke don glassware: bowls, faranti, jugs da cokula rufe Khokhloma, ba su ji tsoron ruwan zafi ko sanyi.

Khokhlomskaya abun wasa tarihi

Hakika, na farko na duk an rufe Khokhloma tableware da kuma gida kayayyakinta. A XVII karni, a lokacin da, kamar yadda aka yi ĩmãni akwai wannan irin zane, tin foda aka tsada, sabili da haka da samfurin ya ba kowa da kowa na iya iya. A hankali, duk da haka, shi ya bayyana Khokhloma wasan yara. Zane amfani da na gargajiya abubuwa fara yi ado kananan Figures dabbobi da mutane.

Mafi sau da yawa, toys aka yi da itace. Rayuwa abu ne mai kyau Sannan ina da kudin gwada m. Domin yi na ta samfurin master abun wasa-amfani Birch, Aspen, Pine da Linden. Daga cikin filin bambanta dangane da Yaduwar daya ko wani nau'in na itace ga filin na sana'a fifiko. Kayayyakin aiki ga yi na toys amfani da gatari da wuka, wani lokacin bit.

Semyonovskaya hohloma

Hakika, magana game da jama'a toys zai zama bai cika ba idan ba ka tuna da Matryoshka. Domin da yawa, shi zai iya zama m samu na tarihin da ya faru. Matryoshka zo zuwa Rasha a cikin marigayi XIX karni ... daga Japan. A samfur shi an Indian sarki Djarma wanda, a kan bada, ya ciyar a azumi da kuma tunani ga tara dogon shekaru, tare da sakamakon da ya auku kashe da hannuwansa da ƙafafunsa. Resistance Sage da kuma girmamawa a Japan, inda ya yi wa Allah sujada, kuma ya kira Daruma. Wurare da dama a mutummutumai Zagayawar shi ba tare da makamai da kuma kafafu. A hankali akwai wani hadisin a mini-sassaka a saka a cikin wani - kuma haka a har da bakwai "yadudduka".

Tsaraba kira Fukurumu da kuma irin wannan ya a Rasha. Ganin shi, da artist Sergei Malyutin aka yi wahayi zuwa ga haifar da wani sabon abun wasa. A maimakon haka, da tsohon mutum ba tare da makamai da kafafu, ya bayyana cikin ja-fuskanci kyakkyawa a wuya. Kuma akwai wani matryoshka. A hankali, hadisin ya yi irin wannan wasan yara don isa birnin Semenov kuma zauna a can. Masters ake yi a nan da kuma fentin tsana a yau. Sau da yawa toys kayan ado amfani da abin da ake kira Semyonovskaya Khokhloma. Daga ta gargajiya fasalin manyan da haske furanni, dan kadan launi daban-daban.

Khokhloma yau

Folk crafts da kuma hadisai a yau suke da sha'awar ba kawai masana tarihi. Suna nẽman wata iri-iri Masters daga sauki needlewomen zuwa shahara fashion zanen kaya. Saboda da m cin gaban bayanai fasahar yau ne quite sauki a sami abu a kan batun. Kuma wannan tambaya na yadda za a zana Khokhloma wasa, zaka iya duba ga daidai amsar. Developing yawon shakatawa da kuma sana'a, idan Masters tafi gida na wani art tsari da kuma koyi kai tsaye daga shi matsaran hadisin.

Khokhloma toys har yanzu murna da yara suka kaunaci dukan mai haske da kuma sabon abu. Mutane da yawa malamai da nufin ci gaba a cikin dalibai m basira da kuma haifar da sha'awa a cikin al'adun gargajiya na gudanar da azuzuwan, ilimi receptions Khokhloma. Sun san da kuma girmama irin wannan zanen da kuma kasashen waje. Yawon bude ido daga kasashe daban-daban, dawo gida, ya kawo gida a matsayin kyauta tsana, kitchen kayayyakinsa da kuma ko da furniture rufe Khokhloma zanen. Yanzu za mu iya cewa da tabbaci ba da irin wannan jama'a art ya same ta alkuki a cikin zamani, da kuma fiye da daya tsara za a yi wahayi zuwa da ta m alamu.