Kananan wasan kwaikwayo a Ordynka: Past da kuma Present

Rasha al'adu ne domin ta shahara 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, gudanarwa, marubuta. The girman kai na Theatrical art ne dauke da Little wasan kwaikwayo a Ordynka, wanda shi ma yana da wani arziki tarihi.

A haihuwa na wasan kwaikwayo

Empress Catherine Petrovna, don haka m na wasan kwaikwayo, a 1756 bayar da umarni inda a St. Petersburg Rasha wasan kwaikwayo da aka kafa. A lokaci guda bude gidan wasan kwaikwayo, da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da suke dalibai a Moscow. Tuni a 1759 halitta a Moscow Rasha jama'a wasan kwaikwayo da aka canjawa wuri zuwa University of Moscow. Ya sheƙa a guje su jami'a darektan, marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo, mawãƙi KHERASKOV. A zama na cibiyoyin da aka short-rayu, amma shi dogara ne a kan shi daga baya kafa da akai Moscow aiki nagartattu.

Wasan kwaikwayo na marigayi XVIII da kuma farkon karni na XIX

Don da yawa shekarun da suka gabata, da Moscow nagartattu, wanda hada da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, da mawaƙa, dancer, kida, da kuma a can ne saboda goyon bayan da masu zaman kansu,' yan kasuwa. Fiye da duk wani sauran kasuwa ya M. E. Medoks. A 1780, ya gina wani babban gidan wasan kwaikwayo mai suna Peter, wanda aka located a kan Bitrus square. Tun 1806 dukan kamfanin wanzu a jama'a kudi, shi ya hada da na mallaka Gidajen Silima. Jim kadan kafin wannan batu a cikin Petrovsky wasan kwaikwayo ya wuta, da nagartattu fara aiki a cikin Pashkov gidan, wanda aka saba da na wasan kwaikwayo, sa'an nan da Arbat ƙofar, da Znamenka gida Apraksin. Kawai a cikin 1824-1825 kakar ta na sarki nagartattu ya samu wani m gida - sunan da Little Theater. House Merchant Vargina aka gina ta m Bove, akwai a kan Oktoba 14 na farko cika.

labarin

A shekara ta 1914, m Spirin Ya halitta wani aiki da "Movie Palace" a kan Big Ordynka gina a Struyskogo wasan kwaikwayo. Wannan gini shi ne mafi ziyarci ɓangare na yawan Zamoskvorechye. Ba da da ewa shi aka canza kama zuwa wani gidan wasan kwaikwayo na miniatures. Bayan da 1917 juyin juya hali, da Bolsheviks nationalized da wasan kwaikwayo. A kan mataki kasance sosai daban-daban kamfanin, wanda ya wakilci wasanni na da yawa kwatance. A 1922 ya kafa wani gidan wasan kwaikwayo a nan Zamoskvoreche Council. Bayan shekaru uku da ya karbi sunan Moscow wasan kwaikwayo na Leningrad City Majalisar. Kawai a cikin 1943, a lokacin yaki, a can aka kafa wani reshe na Maly wasan kwaikwayo a Ordynka. A farko cika ya faru a ranar 1 ga Janairu, 1944 by Ostrovsky, "A cikin busiest wuri." A farko farko ya faru Janairu 25, 1944, shi ne wasan kwaikwayon na "Engineer Sergeev."

The sunan wasan kwaikwayo

gani daga tarihi cewa Little wasan kwaikwayo a Ordynka aka da haka ya kira kawai saboda da size. Ginin da aka kananan a kwatanta da ke makwabtaka da Bolshoi wasan kwaikwayo, wanda aka yi nufi ga wasar kwaikwayo ta waka da kuma rawa wasanni. Ba da da ewa da sunan "Kananan" a matsayin "Babba", juya a cikin wani dace sunan. Yanzu wadannan sunayen a duk faɗin duniya ji da shi a cikin Rasha. A sharhin da na Maly wasan kwaikwayo a Ordynka kunshi wasanni halshen a kan ayyukan girma Rasha litattafansu: Pushkin, litattafan Gogol, Griboyedov, Turgenev, Ostrovsky. Har ila yau, masu sauraro gabatar productions na Shakespeare da kuma Schiller. Daga cikin dukkan kasashen waje mawallafa, shi aka bai wa mafi girma zabi. Tare da tsanani wasanni Maly wasan kwaikwayo a Ordynka lured masu kallo sauki repertoire, shi ne melodrama, vaudeville.

House a lokacin yaki

A lokacin yakin duniya na II, da Little wasan kwaikwayo a Ordynka dauki wani aiki sashi a cikin gwagwarmaya da farkisanci invaders. Wasan kwaikwayo kungiyar gudummawar da babbar nasara. Artists kunshe a cikin gaba-line tawagar, ya yi magana da sojoji a asibitoci, soja raka'a. A 1943 ya aka ma kafa frontline reshe. Kafin tawagar shirya kai daya matsala - m sabis sojoji na Soviet Army. A cikin duka, da Maly wasan kwaikwayo da kuma Frontov reshe da aka bai wa fiye da 2,700 kide da wasanni. Duk kudi, da jari na wata tawagar, mayar da hankali a kan yi da jirgin sama rundujar soja masu dawaki, wanda aka mika su ga sojoji. A cikin shekaru 1944-1945, wannan rundujar soja masu dawaki sun samu nasarar fasa Nazis a cikin sama da Gabas Prussia.

Kananan gidan wasan kwaikwayo na lokacin mu

Wani alama sufi da cewa da wasan kwaikwayo ma'aikatan yi imanin cewa, a fadin, gintsẽwa gini rike da Aura na haihuwa, dogon-tafi girma artists. Ruhohi kare da kuma adana wasan kwaikwayo a mafi wuya sau. Sun kuma kiyaye shi, a cikin kwanaki na post-neman sauyi aika mugunta a cikin farkon XX karni, shi bai taimaki abyss a kõfatansu a kan duwatsu yaki shekaru. Duk da m rayuwa canje-canje, crises, rashin zaman lafiya, da gidan wasan kwaikwayo ne ko da yaushe akwai.

A 1995, da Little wasan kwaikwayo a Ordynka bude bayan gyara mataki. Wasanni har yanzu faruwa a duka al'amuran. A ranar, da sharhin na nagartattu ne har yanzu arziki a cikin gargajiya ayyukansu. Dalili na kwaikwaiyo na Ostrovsky. A Maly hada da sanannun jama'a artists Bystritskaya, Kayurov, Korshunov, Martsevich, Muraviev, Klyuyev, Nevzorov, Bochkarev, Kljukvin, Potapov da yawa wasu. A kamfanin ma'aikata fiye da dari artists. A general, da Little wasan kwaikwayo yana da fiye da 700 mutane. A gidan wasan kwaikwayo na da ƙungiyar makaɗa, yin amfani da kida daga cikin mafi girma aji. A nagartattu sau da yawa ba wasanni a cikin wasu kasashe da garuruwansu. A touring labarin kasa ya hada da kasashe irin su Finland, Italy, France, Jamus, da Isra'ila, da Japan, da Girka, Cyprus, Bulgaria, Hungary, Mongolia, da kuma waɗansu da yawa. By umurnin da shugaban kasar Rasha Maly Theater samu matsayi na kasa da al'adunmu.