Jihar tsarin. Concept. Main hvidy jihar tsarin

Jihar tsarin - wani ra'ayi da ake yawan amfani a cikin kundin tsarin dokar, ba shi da wani fadi ma'anar. A definition rufe kayan yau da kullum na jihar na'ura da kuma jama'a, kungiyar da iko, halin da siyasa tsakanin kasashen, na sirri matsayi, Harsashin kai gwamnati a filin (idan akwai), hukumar da ke mulki tsarin, nuna a cikin kundin tsarin mulki.

A cewar wasu mawallafa, manufar "jama'a domin" shi ne m ga tsarin mulki da darajõji.

Siffar da na'urar ne a yankin kungiyar tsarin da kasar tare da wani dace rarraba iko a tsakanin yankin da kuma tsakiyar matakan gwamnati.

Jihar iya samun sauki ko hadaddun tsarin. By sauki kamar yadda zai yiwu, misali, hada da Bulgaria, Poland, da Jamhuriyar Belarus. Wadannan kasashe ba su yi mulki, kuma ba zai iya zama abu na kasashen waje da manufofin Sin.

Complex ya kamata a kira jihar ƙungiyar na raba abokai, wanda ya duka matakai ne na statehood, ciki har da, da kuma ikon mulkin. A wannan bangare na sarki hakkin na kasar abubuwa na tsarin shige da tsakiyar mafi girma hukumomin aikin.

The main iri jihar tsarin:

1. The unitary tsarin da kasar. A jihar tsarin na irin wannan shi ne hankula ga Portugal, Denmark. A cikin wadannan kasashe, da rabo daga cikin ƙasa yana da za'ayi kawai a sassa ba baiwa da ikon mallaka. A irin wannan jihar, a can ne kawai daya kundin tsarin mulki, da monetary tsarin, tsarin gwamnati da kuma dokar. Unitary kasashen iya samun a cikin tsarin, m abokai, da mutum abubuwa na jumhuriya (a wasu lokuta, irin wannan nau'i ne da ake kira "regionalist"). A matsayin misali, characterizing karshen definition, zai iya haifar da Italiya. A cikin wannan kasar akwai ashirin da yankuna zuwa kashi larduna (a cikin yankunan aiki tips, yin administrative, majalisa da kuma sauran abubuwa).

2. A tarayya jihar tsarin characterizes kasar, kamar yadda mai jam'iyya a wadda ta batutuwa (bijiro da batun kafa abubuwa) da kuma ilimi ne ãyõyin jihar. Wadannan siffofin hada da tsarin mulki, tsarin na jihar iko, da sauransu. A daidai wannan lokaci da hukumomi a cikin sãsanni da kuma abokai, kazalika da da ikon tsari na kasar ( 'yan sanda, dakarun) ne batun da janar tarayya hukumomi.

Federation iya zama yankin - a cikin wannan harka, mafi yawan kasar da aka raba da yankuna. Wannan tsarin na gwamnati yana da Amurka.

A Federation iya zama na kasa - a cikin wannan harka, da rabuwa a kasar faru daidai da kasashe da suke zaune a wasu yankunan. Irin wannan na'urar yana da {asar Yugoslavia.

Bugu da ƙari kuma, hukumar iya samun kasa yankin (Mixed) tsarin, kamar wani RF.

3. Empire ne fairly manyan da hadaddun jihar, ha na al'umman sauran ƙasashe, ko a sakamakon mulkin mallaka, ci, da sauransu. Wannan tsarin dogara ne a kan kama-karya da kuma tashin hankali. Empire disintegrates a su bacewar (as faru tare da Roman, da Rasha Empire).

Idan akai la'akari da tambaya na jihar Tsarin, shi ya kamata a bayyana, da kuma irin wannan abu a matsayin "tarayya". Ya ce na'urar ne halin a matsayin wani son rai ƙungiyar na kasashe masu zuwa tare don cimma kowa a raga, misali, a cikin soja, tattalin arziki ko na siyasa Sphere. Hade tarayya abubuwa (abokai) riƙe duk da hakkokin (sarki jihohin). Kasashen ba da na kowa ƙasa, dan kasa, kundin tsarin mulkin kasar, monetary tsarin, hukuncensa, da tsarin haraji. Confederation na zama goyan bayan gudummuwa daga membobinta.