Ivana Velikogo Bell Tower na Moscow Kremlin

A Cathedral Square na Kremlin kararrawa hasumiyar St. Ioanna Lestvichnika, kuma aka sani da Ivan Mai girma Bell. A Kremlin da dukan gine-gine suna shiga cikin guda naúrar a cikin zuciya na babban birnin kasar. A shekarar 2008, wannan abin tunawa da gine juya shekaru 500 da haihuwa.

Church of St. Ioanna Lestvichnika

Ivana Velikogo Bell Tower na Moscow Kremlin Dates baya da dama ƙarni na tarihi, kuma ta fara faduwa Countdown to 1329. Wannan shekara da aka kafa da Church of St. Ioanna Lestvichnika a zamanin Ivan Kalita. Da haikalin da aka kafa a matsayin mai kararrawa hasumiya, don haka cikin dakin da aka yarda to sauti mafi jitu karrarawa, sanya a kan babba matakan da coci. A tono da aka za'ayi a cikin XIX-XX ƙarni, ya nuna cewa, tsarin da gine reminiscent na Ibada na zamanin d Armenia. Waje da coci ya yi takwas tarnaƙi, kuma na ciki sashe na coci yana da wani cruciform siffar. A gefen gabas na apse located in semicircular arches da karrarawa da aka sanya a kan hawa na biyu. Haikalin ya wanzu kafin farkon na XVI karni.

Bonovskaya belfry

A 1505 a zamanin mulkin Grand Prince Vasily III, da tsohon coci da aka dismantled. A daidai wannan wuri an gina wani sabon coci tsara ta Masters daga Italiya, lakabi Bon Fryazin. Haikalin da aka gina a ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar Tsar Ivan III. Construction da aka za'ayi a kan shekaru uku. A 1508, biyu-tiered kararrawa hasumiya da aka shirya. Hadisin gine-gine, hali na Italiya a wannan lokaci, matukar yin tasiri a haikali gine. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa ginin ya dama kararrawa hasumiya, wadda aka located dabam daga juna. The coci ma samu wani sunan - "Bonovskaya kararrawa hasumiya." M shafi shiga bambance-bambance da Kremlin Ibada a guda gungu. Da shi shi ne na biyu na dutse coci a Moscow. Al'arshin St. Ioanna Lestvichnika da aka kaddamar a kan na farko bene na tsarin.

A 1532 a arewacin gefen da kararrawa Hasumiyar belfry aka gina Haikali na Hawan Yesu zuwa sama na aikin da wani m daga Italiya - Petroc Ƙananan. Yana da aka yi nufi ga wani m kararrawa yin la'akari 1,000 fam, da ake kira "bishara". Gamawa na yi na belfry a 1543 za'ayi da gida sana'a. Kai tsaye haikalin da aka located a kan uku bene, wanda ya jagoranci wani musamman tsani. Majestically located a Belfry drum da Dome.

zato belfry

A 1600, da girbi a ko'ina cikin kasar ya munana, yunwa ta fara addabar mazauna. Boris Godunov, to ceci mutanensa, ya yanke shawarar gudanar da wata babbar overhaul na Bonovskoy kararrawa hasumiya, wanda ya yi aikin zo tare da dukan iyakar mutane. Ya shirya ya gama da shi daya bene, da kuma sake don ƙirƙirar Babbar Church of St. Yahaya a kan benen kasa. Saboda haka, dukan tsarin da aka saka wani sunan daban - Ivan Mai girma Bell. A haɗe bene ya cylindrical a cikin siffar, kuma tsawo daga cikin kararrawa hasumiya da aka karu zuwa 82 mita. Da shi shi ne babbar tsarin cewa zamanin. Don samun zuwa saman matakin, shi za a bukata je ta 329 digiri. A karkashin Dome na Haikalin da aka sassaka wani rubutu a cikin zinariya haruffa, wanda ya nuna da ranar ta yi, kuma da sunayen sarakunan da suka yi mulki a lokacin (Boris Godunov da ɗansa). A yankin da kararrawa hasumiya, wadda ta haifa sunan Ivanovo, karanta duka umarni na sarki. Tun daga nan, an nuna "kururuwa duk Ivanovo".

A cikin rabi na biyu na karni XVII kararrawa hasumiyar da aka gina gaba daya. A zamanin mulkin Mikhail Romanov da ubansa Patriarchate Filaret, a 1624, a gefen arewa aka gina Filaretova yi aikin Bazhen Ogurtsova. A tsarin da wani farin dutse dala alfarwa ya rufe tare da fale-falen. Ivan Mai girma Bell Moscow Kremlin samu wani sabon sunan - ɗauka cewa Belfry.

A kararrawa hasumiya mai girma Patriotic War

The Great Patriotic War of 1812 detrimental tasiri a kan abin tunawa daga gine. Sojoji na Faransa sojojin kawar da gilded giciye daga hasumiyar da kuma kokarin busa shi. Amma sha wahala kawai Filaret Annex da kararrawa hasumiyar dake zuwa arewa. Lokacin da yaki ya ƙare, master D. Gilardi cikakken mayar da kararrawa hasumiya fashe abubuwa, canza wasu daga cikin rabbai da sauran style of yi. Kuma a cikin shekaru 1895-1897 Ivana Velikogo Bell Tower a Moscow aka mayar S. Rodionov.

tsarin fasali

A tsawo na Ivana Velikogo kararrawa hasumiya yakan 82 mita. Daga cikin gari marinjãya aya daga cikin tsari, zai iya la'akari da kusanci na 30 mil a kusa da babban birnin kasar. Duk da mun gwada sauki gine na kararrawa hasumiya, da gini ne daban-daban girma da kuma kyau. A rabbai na dukan abubuwa an zaba a cikin irin wannan hanya da cewa Halicci sosai jitu gine-gine gungu. Godiya ga gogaggen Masters, na da hannu a cikin halittarsa, Ivana Velikogo Bell Tower ne mai daukan hankali tarihi abin tunawa a Moscow.

A karrarawa a belfry

A total yi ne kararrawa 34, da kuma kawai 3 na su zauna a kan Filaretova Annede da belfry. A zamanin da, kararrawa sun rataye a kan katako na itace, amma a cikin XIX-XX ƙarni, su aka maye gurbinsu da na baƙin ƙarfe. Duk da karrarawa aka sanya ta Masters Fitar lokuta na lokuta daban-daban.

Babbansu su - "The Bear", yin la'akari fiye da 7 ton, aka jefa a 1501. A mafi tsanani, kuma m kararrawa ne "Dormition" ( "Tsar Bell") da wani nauyi na 65 ton, wanda aka jefa a 1819 ta Masters Zavyalov da Rusinov daga haihuwa abu. Na biyu mafi girma kararrawa ne "Howler", yin la'akari 32 ton, tsara da Anton Chekhov a 1622. An hade da daya mai ban tausayi episode, a lokacin da a 1855, kararrawa hawa m kuma, su tashi zuwa 5 benaye, ya fadi a kasa, inda suka kashe fiye da mutum daya. The uku muhimmanci kararrawa ne "Lahadi" ( "Semisotenny") yin la'akari 13 ton. Yana da aka halitta a 1704, da kuma I. Motorin located a kan Filaret Annex.

Bell hasumiya 18 ƙunshi dukkan karrarawa. A benen akwai 6 daga cikinsu, daga cikinsu shi ne mafi tsufa, a kan talakawan - 9. A babba bene ya ƙunshi 3 karrarawa, tarihin wanda ba a sani ba.

kararrawa hasumiyar gidan kayan gargajiya

A farkon matakin na ɗauka Belfry ne gidan kayan gargajiya zauren inda aiki na gwaninta.

A kararrawa Hasumiyar Kremlin Tarihi Museum aka located in Moscow, wanda nuna model na zamanin d fari dutse gine-gine na XIV karni, na nuna wani mai panorama na Moscow da sauran asali abubuwa. kararrawa Hasumiyar ganuwar suna yi wa ado da tsinkaya daga daban-daban Monuments. A kallo bene yayi girma ra'ayoyi na Kremlin da kewaye yankin. Ga baƙi akwai wani musamman audio jagora, wanda taimaka da yawon bude ido daga kasashe daban-daban su koyi da tarihin asali na wannan abin tunawa da gine-gine, a matsayin Ivan Mai girma Bell, bayanin da kuma ban sha'awa bayani.

A abin tunawa daga gine a cikin kwanaki

Yau, Ivan Mai girma Bell - ne halin yanzu gidan kayan gargajiya, wanda ya karbi dubban masu yawon bude ido daga ko'ina cikin duniya a kowace rana. A gidan kayan gargajiya nuna tsoho art abubuwa. Ta hanyar amfani da fasaha ta zamani, yana yiwuwa ya sake bayyanar ba tsira da mu sau Monuments.

Cikin dukanin zama na Tarayyar Soviet, da kararrawa hasumiya da aka rufe don baƙi. Sake a Haikali karrarawa Rang fita, a 1992, da rana na Ruhu Mai Easter. Kuma tun wannan lokacin, duk da coci ayyuka a cikin Kremlin Cathedrals aka gudanar karkashin chimes.

Ivan Mai girma Bell a cikin Kremlin - mai muhimmanci da abin tunawa da gine-gine, wanda yana da arziki da kuma ban sha'awa tarihi. Duk wanda ya zo wa Moscow, iya ji dadin view na wannan musamman tsarin.