Iri da kuma siffofin da kula chrysanthemums

Class bipartite Asteridy subclass hanya calycerales, iyali Asteraceae (Asteraceae), a subfamily na Asteraceae, perennial ko shekara-shekara shuka - duk Chrysanthemum. Ana amfani da aikin lambu kamar yadda mai muhimmanci da marigayi-tsire, da kuma shi ne mai haddasa srezochnyh al'adu, ranking biyu bayan da fure a shahararsa.

A tarihin "Golden Flower"

A al'adun kasar Sin - adabi, zanen, flower symbolism ne mai muhimmanci. Don sun tsira archaeological find - gilashin fure tare da image na chrysanthemums, wanda 2500 shekaru. Aristocracy horar da 'yan jinsunan chrysanthemums sa'an nan a matsayin shaida na da daraja haihuwa.

Golden-yellow inflorescences, wanda kusan su ba su sãɓã ba daga cikin daji da aka yi amfani da ba kawai a matsayin ado, amma kuma a matsayin magani da kuma edible shuke-shuke.

A wuri mai faɗi tsara rare iri na kore chrysanthemums, hotuna na wanda ake wakilta a nan.

Tare da Sin Chrysanthemum kisa jam'i na images. Yellow - alama ce ta wani serene farin ciki. Chrysanthemum a sanyi - juriya da kuma daukaka shi kadai. Kasar Sin ta yanke shawarar ba da da holidays zane daban-daban na chrysanthemums a matsayin wata ãyã daga dũkiya da yawa buri.

A VII a Chrysanthemum na zo ga Japan, inda ta zama unofficial jihar alama. "Kiku" - da rana, don haka da Japan kira shi. M petals, wanda suke ko da yaushe a cikin hoto 16, wakiltar rana ta haskoki, wanda ba rai. Kiku - yana da wata ãyã daga ikon allahntaka, longevity da farin ciki, alama ce na kammala.

A cikin XVIII karni Chrysanthemum sami ta magoya a Turai da kuma Amurka.

Karl Linney, ya kafa na rarrabuwa tsarin domin dukan rai a duniya, ya sanya sunan Chrysanthemum flower, wanda aka fassara daga Girkanci nufin "zinariya flower."

Species sunan da Chrysanthemum iri ga tsawo shekaru da kiwo aiki sun karu da yawa.

Na dogon lokaci, shayarwa sun fĩfĩta son manyan iri na furanni. Yanzu more kuma mafi girma matasan Korean ko lambu Chrysanthemum.

description Chrysanthemum

Rhizomes ake branched, thickened, located a zurfin 25 cm Suna kafa karkashin kasa stolons -. Elongated gefen harbe, wanda ake tasowa guntu mai tushe da ganye. Harbe kafa, sau da yawa branched, a tsawo na 25 zuwa 150 cm. A ganye suna dissected, santsi, ko m.

Ligulate furanni cikin kwanduna sanin ko siffar toho. Description da kuma iri na chrysanthemums gabatar a cikin International Nau'in na Dresden Cibiyar noma. Kasu kashi 2 kungiyoyin - sauki da kuma Terry. A kungiyoyin rarrabu a nuna a cikin azuzuwan. Group of sauki chrysanthemums hada 3 azuzuwan - nemahrovye, biyu kuma Anemone. By Terry ne lankwasa rataye, lebur, hemispherical, mai siffar zobe, curly, pompons, paukovidnye.

All zamani iri suna raba:

• large-- a lokacin da cire gefe buds da yake iya kafa Inflorescence diamita na 1 zuwa 30 cm.

• buketnye (branched) - suna da wani siffar da manyan kwanduna daji (10-20 cm).

• dada.

• ado - ta amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban na kafa, kai buketnye ko manyan-nau'i.

Chrysanthemums ne dogara a kan tsawon na hasken rana. Long hasken rana taimaka gina vegetative taro na shuke-shuke, short - 14 hours, da m girma na Inflorescence. Silnochuvstvitelnye da srednechuvstvitelnye da longitude na rana iri suna girma a greenhouses. Baruwan iri su dace da bude ƙasa.

A lokaci na flowering iri suke da daraja:

• farkon - Bloom daga Agusta zuwa Oktoba.

• srednepozdnie - daga Oktoba zuwa Nuwamba.

• daga baya - a watan Nuwamba da kuma Disamba.

Flowering a wani bude ƙasa kara zuwa mafi frosts.

alamar iri

Lambu da aka sani 2 kungiyoyin chrysanthemums - India da kuma Korean. Chrysanthemums (jinsin shi ne mafi resistant zuwa sanyi yanayin zafi da kuma su dace da girma a cikin wani unprotected ƙasa) ba ji tsoron haske frosts.

Description da kuma iri na chrysanthemums, alkawarin girma a temperate canjin yanayin, za a iya gani a kasa:

1. Aissa - irin farkon flowering, nemahrovy. A furanni ne kodadde kifi launi, 5 cm a diamita.

2. Maraice hasken wuta - wani irin tsare. A inflorescences da mika mulki a launi daga m ja zuwa launin rawaya a gefuna da cibiyar.

3. Koreyanochka - blooms profusely daga watan Yuli zuwa karshen watan Satumba haske orange kwanduna.

4. Malchish-Kibalchish - mai haske m blossoms sanya a kan wani m, mai siffar zobe daji. Farkon flowering.

5. Amethyst - canjãwa launi tare da ruwan hoda-yellow a watan Yuli a pearly ruwan hoda a watan Oktoba.

6. Svetozar - Milky-fari blossoms, Terry. Middle-sa.

7. Dabbare-dabbare Hen - a kan columnar daji da yawa duhu-orange furanni da rawaya petals kaifi, 4 cm a diamita.

8. Sansanin soja - Shawo sa. Yana blooms profusely har sanyi duhu rawaya kwanduna.

9. Ampelnye sa chrysanthemums Morifolium Cascade samar da kananan, kamar daisies da kuma furanni.

10. Alec Bedser - An horar da a wani ƙi ƙasa. Bloom a watan Satumba guda flower yellowish cream masu launin, da diamita na 14 cm.

Chrysanthemum lashe kayan lambu - wani shekara-shekara shuka. Amfani a cikin abinci a matsayin tushen bitamin, ma'adanai, da kuma ilimin aiki abubuwa. Chrysanthemum lashe yana da wani m ƙanshi da wani yaji iyawa. A cikin abincin da ke kore taro na shuke-shuke. Bisa ga abun ciki na antioxidant hadaddun ne m ga tushen da ginseng. Chrysanthemum morifolium (jinsin, iri da kuma hybrids) suna horar da a greenhouses.

A sakamakon zabin kasance da yawa iri iri dabam-dabam a cikin siffar da launi na inflorescences, a kan lokaci da tsawon flowering.

Bukatun ga girma da yanayi

Chrysanthemum, iri da kuma irin shi fi son kyau hadu da takin ko bushe mullein dan kadan acidic ƙasa. Ba za a iya jure waterlogging. A ɓarna, hadu humus ne rayayye kara vegetative gabobin, flowering tabarbarewa.Idan. Yana tsiro da kyau a kan m gadaje, lit a wani wurin dumi.

Dasa kayan a cikin nau'i na kafe cuttings ana shuka a cikin ƙasa a karshen frosts - a watan Mayu da Yuni. Tushen abin wuya aka sanya a ƙasa matakin. Domin dasa ayyukan zabar mai sanyaya sau da rana ko a kan m kwana. Just dasa Chrysanthemum tsari daga rana rumfa. A rana ta farko cire girma batu - sa na farko pinched. Next cikinta akwai tsananin a makonni 2 - watse daga sama ɓangare na shoot.

Chrysanthemums Bloom a baya idan ya haifar don su dimming daga 18 hours zuwa 8 na safe. Yalwa shayar a bushe weather, kuma a lokacin shoot girma.

kula

2-3 shekaru ba za a iya girma a kan wannan mãkirci kowane irin chrysanthemums. Kuma ga substrate kula ya zama sosai. A cikin ƙasa an rage samar da gina jiki da kuma hadarin kamuwa da cuta bayyana. A cikin watan farko na wani m samuwar wani daji - a shuka na bukatar a ƙasa loosening. Kafin zuwan na farko buds bushes shayar sau 3 a mako. Mulching kare Chrysanthemum da kwari da cututtuka fungal. A amfani kamar ciyawa Pine needles da shredded haushi ko rauno.

Kana bukatar ka yi a lokacin bazara ciyar 3 - kafin dake tasowa a farkon dake tasowa da kuma flowering zamani lush.

Don samun wani lush daji pruned tushe. Pinched ne da za'ayi a cikin watan Yuni. A shuke-shuke da manyan furanni gefen harbe cire, samar da wata babbar girma. A cikin manyan-bar 1 ko 2 stalks.

wintering

Wasu irin Korean Chrysanthemum da kyau jure a cikin hunturu a bude ƙasa a busassun wuraren. Wintering a kan rigar ƙasa ne detrimental zuwa flower. Chrysanthemums sa high ko low, tushen pruning kuma hilling. Sa'an nan mafaka spruce rassan. Yana za a iya rufe da katako, kwalaye da kuma tsohon bargo, to kunsa up saman. Tare da farko na spring cire tsohon mai tushe da kuma harbe. Karkashin kasa gefen harbe zai ba sabon rai ga flower.

Manyan-thermophilic Chrysanthemum hunturu a wani haske dakin da zazzabi na 5-7 ° C. The kwalaye suna sanya high yanke shuke-shuke. Da zuwan jam shayar moderately.

haifuwa

Tsaba suna sown a cikin m ƙasa a cikin marigayi hunturu. Yayyafa da ƙasa ba lallai ba ne - da tsaba germinate a cikin haske. A samu harbe da aka sanya a cikin tukwane, kasar gona da aka dasa a May, to rijiyoyin.

Lokacin da cuttings na zaba cultivars igiyar ciki bushes. Kaka yanke kara cuttings ana shuka a cikin kwalaye da kuma adana na farko a cikin zafin rana kwanaki 10, matsakaici watering. Sa'an nan sanya a cikin wani sanyi dakin. Spring daga tushen bayyana apical zũriyarmu, wanda kai cuttings for yaduwa. Don samun mnogostebelny shrub cuttings fara girbi daga watan Maris zuwa watan Afrilu. Daga May zuwa Yuni, Stocking abu don girma manyan-odnostebelnyh shuke-shuke.

A lokacin multiplication ta rarraba daji tono da spring, disassembled cikin guda da kuma dasa a wani sabon wuri. Bugu da kari, kowane jam yana da nasa tushen sa. An shawarar su raba daji da kuma dasa fita kowane shekaru 3. Wannan yana da kyau sakamako a kan flowering.

Kwari da cututtuka

White tsatsa ne ya sa ta a m Puccinia horiana, wanda shi ne batun rigakafi. A ganye bayyana farin spots, wanda sa'an nan su tũba ruwan kasa. Marasa lafiya ganye suna fadowa. Shuka daina Bloom.

A tasiri na anamorphic fungi haddasa leaf tabo da kuma kara.

Buds da inflorescences shafi Alternaria.

California thrips, hothouse aphids, gizo-gizo mites cutar chrysanthemums a greenhouses da kuma a bude ƙasa yanayi.

Kokwamba mosaic cutar yana daukar kwayar cutar ta hanyar vegetative yaduwa. Bar da haske kore spots mutu da kuma fada kashe. Ci gaba nakasawa da Dwarf shuke-shuke.

Don magance kwari da fungi yin amfani da fungicides da kuma kwari da spraying.

Akidar-kulli nematode - wani hatsari kwaro. Fada shi sau da yawa bai kai ga nasara. Gogaggen lambu bada shawara digging sama da kamuwa da bushes kuma ƙone.

Za ka iya amfani da jama'a magunguna don sarrafa kwari. Idan aphid ba bred a manyan lambobi, bushes wanke tare da soapy ruwa.

Good sakamakon extractor tafarnuwa ba 50 g na murƙushe tafarnuwa 1 kofin ruwa aka zuba. Bayan minti 30, tace kuma ƙara 800 ml na ruwa. 1.5 kofuna tsantsa diluted a guga na ruwa da kuma zubar da sarƙaƙƙiya.

Daga kwari da cututtuka ba za a iya cire ba tare da m matakan:

1. Wajibi ne a yi mai zurfi kaka digging site - wintering larvae da pupae aka kashe.

2. Weeds hallaka ba kawai gaba da furanni da kuma a greenhouses, amma kuma a ko'ina cikin shafin.

3. Disinfect duk lambu kayan aikin da gina greenhouse.

Duk da auku ganye daga bushes bukatar ƙone.

potted Chrysanthemum

Ga al'ada girma a cikin gida ko a kan baranda furanni ba bukatar mai yawa rana. A ganiya zafin jiki zuwa 15 ° C. Nau'in potted chrysanthemums girma da kyau a kan peat tare da low acidity. A abun da ke ciki na kasar gona domin potting hada Turf da humus ƙasa, kone taki da kuma 20% yashi.

A hanya ga namo:

• 2-3 makonni karkashin dogon rana haske a t 20 ° C;

• a lokacin da hasken rana taqaitaccen zuwa 12 hours da kuma t aka saukar zuwa 18-20 ° C, flowering fara.

To shayar da kuma fesa. Girma furanni bukatar wani dashi a cikin ya fi girma kwantena. Wani iri chrysanthemums za a iya girma kamar yadda wani gida mai dakuna. Iri na cikin gida namo chrysanthemums a tukwane ne mafi alhẽri ya dauki sredneroslye - har zuwa 50 cm, na ado da kuma melkotsvetnye.

Girma a cikin greenhouses

Girma a cikin greenhouses a hanyoyi daban-daban:

1. cuttings daga farko na zafi canjawa wuri cikin kwalaye dasa a bude ƙasa. A karshen flowering shuke-shuke suna dasa a tukwane. Sa'an nan ya aika a cikin greenhouse domin kara flowering.

2. Kafe cuttings za a iya dasa a cikin tukwane. Lokacin da sprouting daji tukwane bukatar wani ya fi girma girma. Shrubs ana shuka a greenhouses nan da nan, bypassing da bude ƙasa.

3. Kara girma dangane da zabi na iri, da kuma daukan la'akari da nazarin halittu halaye na jinsin. A lokacin vegetative girma hasken rana ya kamata a kalla 14 hours, t 18-20 °. A samuwar buds rana taqaitaccen zuwa 10 hours da zazzabi da aka saukar da zuwa 10 °.

Tare da wannan fasaha zai iya Bloom a 2-3 shekaru. Don samun flower samarwa a so lokaci firam ga girma kowane irin chrysanthemums bukatar da-sanye take greenhouse, inda da sauyin yanayi da aka kayyade, dimming ko elektrodosvechivanie bushes bukata zafi matakin.

Daban-daban launuka ne daban-daban na lambu chrysanthemums wanda aka sanya a saman da photo.

A kudancin California, a shekaru 30 na karni na XX lambu a masana'antu muhallin kokarin noma hydroponic shuke-shuke a kan daban-daban na chrysanthemums. Kuma namo da irin wannan hanya ya tabbatar da nasara.

Sand da tsakuwa ake amfani da matsayin hydroponic substrates.

A amfani a kan wani gargajiya hydroponic Hanyar ne cewa furanni zai nuna karfi harbe, ganye da kuma haske a yalwace canza launin inflorescences, kafa wani iko tushen tsarin.

Chrysanthemums, saboda da magani Properties, yayin da m blooms ne da amfani ga ɗan adam kiwon lafiya. All iri da kuma jinsin - lambu, greenhouse, daji da kuma odnosteblevye - ƙirƙiri a kusa da kansa m microclimate. Allocates bactericides da muhimmanci mai, ciko da iska m dandano.

An dade an san warkewa Properties daga cikin flower. A ganye dauke da high yawa daga micronutrients - K, MG, Zn, Se, wajibi ne ga mutum rayuwa. A China, imani da cewa Chrysanthemum furanni, brewed tare da kore shayi, ƙara da na shakatawa dandano da magani Properties.