Ibrahim Maslow. "Motivation, kuma Hali": summary, reviews

Ibrahim Maslow - American masanin kimiyya da kuma psychologist, wanda ɓullo da mafi m model na dalili da kuma mutum bukatun. Duk da cewa a cikin cikakken version of ra'ayi sanar a sashen ilimin halin dan Adam, shi ne a yanzu da wuya a sami wani wanda zai ba sun ji daga cikin shahararrun "dala na bukatun."

Ledger masanin kimiyya

Na aiki Maslow "Motivation, kuma Hali", duk da haka, samun bayanai ba kawai dalibai da kuma manyan malaman na tunani. Yana sha'awar malamai, 'yan kasuwa, sociologists. A general, wannan aiki zai jawo hankalin duk wanda aka yi mamaki game da abin da ya ta'allaka ne a cikin zuciya na bukatar-motivational Sphere na mutum.

Wannan edition da aka buga fiye da rabin karni da suka wuce. Amma duk da yawa himmatuwa ra'ayi, shi har yanzu rike ta munasaba. Son-kai, tambayoyi, nagging - cewa dalilan da wanda ya fara rubuta wannan aikin, an American masanin kimiyya na Rasha asalin, Abraham Maslow. Motivation, kuma Hali - manyan mahanga guda biyu karatu su. Suna nuna a cikin suna daga cikin littafinsa.

Shimfiɗar jariri, da kuma samartaka Maslow

Dole ne in ce da Ibrahim Maslow ta yarantaka ya da nisa daga saukin ganewa. Iyaye masanin kimiyya hijira zuwa {asar Amirka, kafin a haife shi. The iyali ne kullum rinjaye rikici halin da ake ciki. Bugu da kari, daga uba da yaron ya gaji Yahudawa, don haka dole ne ya fuskanci ganin an abin da anti-Semitism. Duk da cewa da ilimi nasara Maslow kasance sosai high, yana saurayi da aka gudanar a warewa da kuma zalunci.

Saba da m ilimi

Daga baya Maslow, a mahaifinsa shawarwarin, ya yanke shawarar ya kebe kansa ga binciken na fikihu. Amma, bayan ya sami Masana ilimin halin dan Adam, ya fita daga cikin na farko hanya. Ya samu ya ilimi a Viskonskom University a Madison, sa'an nan ya fara aiki a matsayin malami a kwalejin. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin da sanannen masanin kimiyya behaviorist Edvarda Torndayka. Ya aka ciyar da su shugaban na Amirka, M Association a shekarar 1967. Maslow sosai wahayi zuwa aikin Dzhona Uotsona.

Ainihin ra'ayi

A littafin Maslow "Motivation, kuma Hali" ya bayyana tsarin da bukatun, su na asali Properties, da tasiri a kan motivational Sphere na mutum. Maslow dala kunshi tubalan, kowanne daga abin da ya nuna a wasu bukatar - daga asali zuwa mafi girma. Wannan tsari ne mai sauqi ka bayyana tare da misali. Da muhimman hakkokin yan Adam bukatun masu physiological bukatun kamar yunwa, da ƙishirwa. Gwaji su, abu ne mai wuya kowa zai yi tunanin, misali, game da falsafar postmodernism. Saboda haka, na farko na duk da ya kamata mu zama gamsu da m bukatun da kwayoyin.

Biye da bukatar tsaro - biyu jiki da kuma wani tunanin. Yana da muhimmanci a yi wani rufi a kan kawunansu, don rayuwa ba tare da barazana ga wanzuwar.

Lokacin da wadannan bukatun cika wata mutum zai fara zuwa neman biyan bukatun mafi girma aji - zamantakewa fitarwa, juyayi. Domin da bukatar da aminci ya zama da bukatar kai girma, cewa shi ne, mutumin yanzu son cin gashin kuma jagoranci.

Maslow koli na dala ne da bukatar actualization. A lokacin da duk sauran bukatun su gamsu, wani mutum zai iya fara zuwa da yardar kaina motsa jiki muhimmi a cikin yanayin da m.

Saboda haka, a kowane lokaci hali ne sarrafawa unmet bukatun. Kuma sau da yawa suna ba gamsu har karshen. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa mutane sun amfana da shi a rayuwarka ta kai-actualization matakin, game da 2%, kamar yadda ya bayyana a cikin littafin na Maslow "Motivation, kuma Hali."

Abin da ke bambanta da ka'idar Maslow?

Practicality da labarun almara - Waɗannan su ne babban halaye mallaki by ka'idar hali da kuma dalili. Maslow, wanda ya sha'awar a farko ideas na behaviorism, sa'an nan ya zo ga ƙarshe cewa wadannan Concepts suna da kyau sake bugawa a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje, amma suna da kadan su yi tare da hakikanin rayuwar mutum style, da falsafar.

Babban matsalar da Psychology

A general, ya kamata a lura: rata tsakanin ka'idar da yi - da babban matsala na tunani. Abin baƙin ciki, mutane wanda suna juya zuwa Psychologists domin taimako, ba wanda ta dage labulen. Kuma babu wanda zai iya amsa su a kan tambayar ko wannan ko wancan gwani za su iya taimaka.

Rabuwa da tunani daga gaskiya: wani misali

Daya daga cikin manyan halaye na mai kyau psychologist, kazalika da tsanani m ka'idar - yiwuwa a yi, da nufin taimaka wa mutane. Wannan kai tsaye da dangantaka da Maslow ka'idar. Yana da kyau kwatanta ta da misali daga cikin shedu da mutanen da suka nemi taimako daga therapists na daban-daban Categories a kan buri jiyya: shan barasa, giya da cãca, shan taba. Mutane da yawa therapists to rabu da wadannan matsaloli ta amfani da canzawa dabara bisa ga abin da dogaro iya kawai maye gurbin wasu - a cikin wannan harka, mafi m. Wucewa daya ko biyu matakan Maslow ta dala, sun bayar da shawarar da marasa lafiya domin maye gurbin dogaro, ya fara tafiyar da kai-dadada. Unmet bukatun ƙananan-matakin, saboda wasu dalilai, har yanzu ana ji: tsohon giya ko Casanova sosai weakly jũya "maye gurbin" da dangantaka da sauran aikin da, misali, Beading. Kuma yaya za a dogara da adadi daga abin da irin kasuwanci zai faru a saman bukatun har ya bayyana ya bukata don soyayya, girmamawa, juyayi, abota, dumi tunanin dangantaka tare da mutane?

Mutane suna taka rawar gani a psychotherapy, biya domin shi a lokaci guda kudi mai yawa. Wani dã ya kasance wani hoto, idan duk Psychologists aka yi amfani a cikin aikin na Maslow "Motivation, kuma Hali." Reviews bukatar imani, dã ya kasance mafi alhẽri a matsayin psychologist, kazalika da game da yiwuwa na psychotherapy a general.

Littafi Maslow "Motivation, kuma Hali": summary

A kashi na farko na littafin da aka kishin nazarin jigon bukatun, yadda tasiri da gamsuwa a kan cigaban dan Adam, da samuwar halinsa, da kuma sake bita manufar da gabbai. Maslow ce da gina shi ne m ga mutum a cikin wani karamin mataki. Duk da cewa gabbai su ne tushen abin da ya aikata, da hali kuma an fi mayar da shafi kwayoyin halittu da kuma muhalli.

A na gaba part da alaka da manufar shafi tunanin mutum da kiwon lafiya, da rawar da takaici a saduwa da bukatun, cikin tambaya na karbar m hali. Maslow ce mai kyau hali ne kusan kau da zalunci: don haka shi ne ko da yaushe wajibi ne don la'akari da muhalli da yanayi, la'akari da wani irin hali, ciki har da hallakaswa.

Next Maslow ya wadãtu da kansa samoaktualizatsiruyuschihsya mutane, musamman da hali. Bugu da kari, a cikin na uku na mu biya da hankali ga al'amurran da suka shafi soyayya da kerawa da kuma ta manifestations.

A karshe ɓangare na littafin Maslow "Motivation, kuma Hali" bincikar rawar da kerawa a kimiyya, tambayoyi daga hanya, da darajar da daukar kwararan matakai.

Maslow kira zuwa ga la'akari da mutumin ba kawai a cikin mahallin na gwada shafi tunanin mutum da kiwon lafiya neurotic. Duk wanda yake sha'awar a al'amurran da suka shafi na kai-actualization, za mu iya amince da shawarar da muhimman hakkokin aikin cewa halitta Abraham Maslow - "Motivation, kuma Hali." Sharhi kan masu karatu da dama riga ƙarni da dama sun nuna cewa, wannan aiki zai taimaka a cimma mafi tsayi da kuma fahimta da su, don kowa da kowa.