Home gaban ma'aikata. Home gaban ma'aikatan mai girma Patriotic War

A cikin 'yan shekaru, suna kira zuwa ga na musamman a matsayin zamantakewa category. List gata sa su lokaci zuwa lokaci koka game da rashin amfanin. Duk da haka, wani embittered, a akasin haka, ga alama cewa wadannan tsoho tsohon maza da mata sama daga jihar da yawa, kuma lalle ne, haƙĩƙa zazhilis a cikin wannan duniya. Amma detractors duk da wadannan tsofaffi mutane ne har yanzu a nan tare da mu, ko da yake su yawan haƙuri a rage-rage a kowace shekara. Wane ne suka, ma'aikatan raya?

wasu terminology

Wannan category Rasha dokokin classifies mutane da suke, a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu (WWII) aiki a raya for akalla watanni shida, wanda aka tabbatar a cikin takardu. A definition of "home gaban ma'aikatan" an rufe da waɗanda aka girmama ga sana'arsu a cikin wadannan shekaru da umarni kuma lambar yabo da Tarayyar Soviet - shi ceton su daga ciwon ya tabbatar da gaskiyar na aikin a wani hanya.

bit ilmin lissafi

The yaki da farkisanci ƙare kusan 70 da suka wuce. A wannan adadi ne m, kuma da talakawan rayuwa expectancy a Rasha. A wasu kalmomin, mafi yawan wanda suka zo a cikin duniya a karshen yaki, ya daina rai. Da yawa daga cikin su bar, waɗanda suka ba su haife kawai kafin, amma kuma iya aiki a lokacin yaki, to ƙirƙira, domin ya kiyaye wani kokarin, babbar nasara?

Kila ba wanzu a duniya daga waɗanda jaruntakar mata suka yi tafi zuwa yaki maimakon maza ya sauko cikin nawa ko kokarin yankan daskararre Siberian ƙasa, sa'an nan a gasa burodi na yaki da soja. Mafi yawan bar wannan duniya, da kuma waɗanda suka yi tashe makamai masana'antu, wanda ya gaji da rabin-starved for kwana ba su bar cikin na'ura don samar da sojoji da makamai. Mafi sau da yawa a karkashin da definition "home gaban ma'aikatan mai girma Patriotic War" yana nufin yara. Ko kuma wajen, wanda ya yaro lokacin wadanda m shekaru, amma ba kawai rayuwa talakawa yaro ta rayuwa (amma sai shi ba zai yiwu ba), kuma ya yi aiki a masana'antu, a jihar gonaki, a asibitoci kokarin yin taimako ga kowa nasara a kan abokan gaba.

A peculiarities na koyarwa

A Tarayyar Soviet, da yawa da hankali da aka biya zuwa m ilimi da matasa a cikin jaruntakar misalai na da takwarorinsu. Kowane Soviet dalibi iya abin da ake kira, kira Gathering akalla goma haruffa sunayen majagaba (Valya Kotik, Leonid Golikov Zine El Portnova et al.) Kuma samar da cikakken bayani game da su feat. Bayan rushewar tarayyar Soviet ya canza da yawa: da ra'ayoyi da mutum events, da kuma hanyoyin da koyarwa, da kuma mafi daga cikin jagoran kungiyar ba. Kila, wani sake fasalin kudin ra'ayi da aka gaske da ake bukata.

Alal misali, Pavlik Morozov - wanda ya ke, ko da harafin ne da gaske? Ko wani m nasa iyali? Ko kuma kawai wani snotty, wauta yaron, kama a wata rikitarwa adult wasanni?

Don ce cewa yara ba kawai m, dalibai da ake bukata. Yana da muhimmanci a gaya cewa akwai wasu yara - home gaban ma'aikatan, wanda taimako ga kowa nasara a kan abokan gaba daga jinsin da su shekaru da kuma kananan lalle ne babban. Idan wannan tarihi darasi ne ba kyau su koyi, shi zai kasance har yanzu a babba yawan bayyana fushi matasa 'yan baranda, bi da yaudararsu da tsofaffi. Kuma a sa'an nan za su girma manya zargi tsohon tsohon soja dinari na gata.

Af, game da amfanin

A Soviet fararen hula, bugu aiki a wartime a baya, aka kira daban - Tsohon soji (waɗanda suka riƙi kai tsaye bangare a cikin yãƙi, da ake kira Great Patriotic War mahalarta). By karshen 80-ies na jimlar yawan mahalarta da kuma Tsohon soji ya rage ga irin wannan har bambanci a amfanin, aza daya category ko wata, a hankali tafi "fita". A shekarar 1985, yaki Tsohon soji da aka ranked kuma tsohon guerrillas suka yi yãƙi, a cikin shagaltar da yankuna. Kazalika kai tsaye mahalarta a cikin yakin duniya na biyu fadace-fadace, gida gaban ma'aikatan ji dadin wasu gatanci da quite gwaji. A jerin wadannan amfanin da hanya ga su shiri sun guda domin dukan jamhuriyoyin da Tarayyar Soviet.

Kuma a sa'an nan abin da?

Bayan rushewar tarayyar Soviet, kowane na da tsohon jamhuriyoyin kanta tsara ta hali zuwa Tsohon soji, ta ya dauka a yanke shawara a kan wadannan mutane dõgara gata. M dukan da yaki Tsohon soji da suke a kan ƙasa na Baltic kasashen. Suka ba kawai hana duk samuwa amfanin - sabuwar gwamnatin da aka mai suna Soviet sojojin invaders, da kuma wasu daga cikinsu ma ya fuskanci la'anta. A mafi yawan sauran jamhuriyoyin da heroism na Tsohon soji da aka ba ƙaryata, to, matsayin rayuwar aka rage muhimmanci. Kumbura, tanã fita farashin da kuma rents, kula da lafiya, da matsaloli - duk da wannan mai tsanani buga wa alheri da real yiwuwa na tsofaffi mutane.

Kuma a Rasha?

A Rasha mafi girma nasarori na Soviet sojoji (ma'aikata a raya) ba kawai ya kira cikin tambaya, a akasin haka, daga shekara zuwa shekara kuma da jaddada muhimmancin su hali, da kuma nasara a kan farkisanci kanta kowane lokaci lura duk m. Amma kar ka manta a can domin wannan yawa na kyau kalmomi kuma celebratory gaisuwa waɗanda suka, a gaskiya, mu bashi wannan nasara?

A 'yan har yanzu suke zaune mahalarta na aiki gaban laifi. Ko da yake m definition na yaki Tsohon soji a Rasha dokokin kẽɓantacce ne ga duk mutane, ƙirƙira nasara, amma da aka gabatar a shekarar 2000 da manufar "home gaban ma'aikatan" karshe amfanin muhimmanci quntata. Tafi, musamman, da gagarumin karuwa a cikin fensho, kazalika da amfanin kula da lafiya, da kuma sayan magunguna.

Ba gaskiya ba ne a ce wadannan mutane ba su damu a Rasha - suka sa wasu biya da kuma sauran amfani. Amma wani babban ɓangare na amfanin ba samuwa daga tarayya da kuma na birni kasafin kudin, kuma ta capabilities a daban-daban yankuna na iya bambanta da yawa. Eh, da kuma biya zuwa Tsohon soji ba ma manyan. Jaruntakar aikin da aka quite yiwu don kimanta mafi tsada - kasar ne mai wuya da za a matalauta!

na tunanin

Masana tarihi da kuma ethnographers sau da yawa, amma ka tuna game da wadannan mutane. Magana da su, tambaya game da rayuwa a cikin wuya sau, sa'an nan buga da tunanin na yaki. Abin da ya gaya tsohon soja ma'aikata na gida gaban?

A kan karkata Stalingrad tsaron gida line yi aiki da dama, aiki battalions. A takara na daya daga cikinsu, A. V.Osadchaya, ya tuna yadda ta ita da abokai da aiki a wuya yanayi, to kurfi daskararre ƙasa, erecting antitank ramuka. Daga cikin sanyi da kuma talakawa abinci mai gina jiki da matasa jiki froze, an rufe shi da miyakunsa. Na yi kwana can a cikin dank laka bukkoki, kuma da safe da baya yin aiki, domin ba su da isasshen manpower. Wani ɗan takara, M. P. Uskova, gaya yadda da gida gaban ma'aikatan a cikin yanayi na zafin Stalingrad hunturu wanke a cikin jini daga hannunsa, digging ramuka da kuma share na snow drifts reluwe waƙoƙi.

Irin wannan tunanin za a iya ji dubbai. Muhimmancin abin da wadannan mutane ba za a iya overestimated, kamar yadda ba shi yiwuwa a gabatar da duk gwaje-gwaje da kuma mai tsanani, samu da su. A Samara a 1996, da wani abin tunawa da aka gina "na yara ma'aikata na raya 1941-1945. M Samara. " Wannan birni, wanda a lokacin yaki na daya daga cikin manyan ƙirƙira kasashen ne Masani game da gudunmawar da aka yi wa janar na kowa yara lashe tukunya.

ƙarshe

Lokacin da zamantakewa ma'aikata kawai tunanin da tsofaffi, da waɗanda na larura, shi ne sosai m. Tsufa - babu hutu a gabãnin mutuwarsa, kuma makawa lokaci na rayuwa, da kuma rayuwa shi dole ya zama cikakken da mayalwaci. Mazan mutane sun yi yawa ga ci gaba na al'umma, sun bashi mai yawa ƙaramin tsara, da kuma bashi mai kyau mutane har yanzu kokarin ba da.

Daya daga cikin muhimman sharudda da wanda ya yi hukunci da jihar - ko yana da kyau a cikin tsofaffi. Abin baƙin ciki, ba Rasha kuma wani na da makwabtanta - kasar post-Soviet sarari - ba zai iya gadara da kula na musamman ga mazan zamani. Kamar yadda muka gani, ba ma spoiled da wannan category na fansho - ma'aikata na raya. Kuma dangane da su, su zama sha'aninsu dabam da kuma apathetic kawai laifi.