Heroic kare na Odessa (1941)

Ba da da ewa bil'adama za su yi tasbĩhi game da sabain da ranar tunawa da yakin duniya na biyu. Wannan kwanan wata muhimmiyar mahimmanci ne ga mazauna ƙasashen tsohon Soviet Union, wanda kakanninsa a gaba da baya sunyi duk abin da zasu kawo ranar babbar nasara. Kada ka shafe daga tunanin ɗan adam gaskiya game da lalacewar da fasikanci ya kawo wa 'yan adam, game da amfani da jarumi wanda ya ceci duniya daga "annobar launin ruwan kasa". Alal misali, karewar Odessa (1941) ba za a manta da shi ba. Ta shiga litattafan tarihin soja kamar yadda ya kasance daya daga cikin misalai mafi kyau na irin wannan aiki.

Tsaron Odessa a cikin shekarar farko na Warren Patriotic War: farkon

Kamar yadda ka sani, kasashen Nazi na kasar Soviet sun kai farmaki a ranar 22 ga Yuni, 1941, kuma bayan kwana uku, tare da sauran, Stavka ya kafa Southern Front. Da shi a cikin ƙasa fiye da kilomita bakwai daga birnin Lipkany zuwa Odessa, sojojin Romawa suka yi yaƙi. Duk da nasarar da Southern Front, a farkon watanni biyu na yakin, ya zama dole ya janye sassa zuwa gabas. Gaskiyar ita ce, makwabta a yankin Arewa maso yamma ba hanya ce mafi kyau ba, kuma akwai damar da za a iya kewaye da ita. Ranar 5 ga watan Agustar bara an fara fara yaki a kan hanyoyin zuwa Odessa, kuma bayan mako guda sai aka kaddamar da tsarin soja na kare birnin daga manyan sojojin Southern Front, yayin da sojojin Jamus da Jamus suka keta gari daga gabas kuma suka dauke shi cikin zoben kewaye.

Sassan da ke shiga cikin tashin hankali daga bangarorin biyu

A lokacin da ake kewaye da birnin a kowane bangare ta hanyar rukuni na sojojin Romaniya da kuma Wehrmacht, akwai wasu bangarori na rundunar sojojin da ke karkashin jagorancin Janar Janar Georgy Pavlovich Safronov, dakarun na Black Sea da kuma tashar jiragen ruwa na Odessa, da kuma kungiyoyin 'yan bindiga da suka kunshi kansu. Ƙasar gari. Bugu da ƙari, sojojin tsaro a farkon watan Agustan 1941 sun kai mutane 34.5, kuma a karshen watan Satumba - kimanin mutane 86,000 da sojoji. Dangane da sojojin Romaniya, Nicolae Chuperca ya umarce shi, sojoji dubu 340 da jami'ansa suka shiga cikin siege na Odessa.

Odessa a karkashin siege

Ranar 9 ga watan Agusta, Stavka ta yanke shawarar tsara wani yanki na kare (OOR) karkashin umurnin Rear Admiral Gavriil Vasilyevich Zhukov, wanda ya kunshi yankuna masu zuwa:

• Fontanka.
• Kubanka.
• Kovalenki.
• Otradovki.
• Pervomaisk.
• Belyaevka.
• Mayakov.
• Carolino-Bugaz.

Nan da nan bayan haka, aikin ya fara kan gina gine-ginen kare, da kuma kafa ƙungiyar 'yan tawayen daga cikin' yan Odessa, waɗanda aka ba da kayan yaki. Bugu da ƙari, a ƙarshen watan Agusta, umurnin jirgin ruwa na Black Sea ya tura sojoji 2,400 zuwa masu kare Odessa, kuma a ranar 15 ga watan Satumbar 15th, aka tura Sashen 'yan bindigar 157 daga Novorossiysk zuwa birnin. Abin godiya ne ga irin wannan goyon baya mai karfi na karfi mai karfi da kundin yankunan yankin na Odessa bai karya ba.

Ma'aikatan birnin ba wai kawai sun tsai da hare-hare na abokan gaba ba, amma har suka gudanar da ayyukan da suka ci nasara. Musamman, a yankin gabashin tsaro a tsakiyar watan Satumba, an sauke jirgin sama da tudun Grigorievsky a filin saukar jiragen ruwan kuma an kwashe garuruwan Chabanka, Staraya da Novaya Dofinovki. Da harbe-harben da aka kare tashar jiragen ruwa na Odessa da ruwanta, kuma da yanayin duka gaban line aka muhimmanci stabilized.

Komawa

An kaddamar da kariya daga Odessa a ranar 16 ga Oktoba, 1941, kuma an ba da birnin ga sojojin Romawa. Dalilin shi ne ka'idodi na Stavka, wanda ya yi la'akari da cewa a halin da ake ciki a wancan lokaci a cikin shugabancin Crimean, zai zama mafi sauƙi wajen sauya dakarun da aka kama a cikin birnin ta hanyar teku zuwa Sevastopol.

Gaba ɗaya, a cikin tarihin yaƙe-yaƙe, akwai wasu misalai na kammala ayyukan da za a janye dakarun daga hanyar saduwa da abokan gaba tare da ƙananan asarar da kuma ci gaba da jayayya. Ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan shi ne fitar da raka'a wanda ya gudanar da tsaro na Odessa, wanda, kamar yadda sojan Soviet ya rubuta, "ya bar birnin ba tare da ya sami daraja ba."

Zama da Masu Shan

Tsaron Odessa da Sevastopol sun kashe sojojin Soviet, wanda a cikin shekarun Warrior Patriotic ya wakilci dukkan mutanen da ke zaune a Soviet Union, ciki har da Ukrainians, dubban rayuka. Har ila yau, akwai matsala da dama, tsakanin fararen hula. Musamman, nan da nan bayan karewar Odessa (1941) aka janye shi, an gudanar da kisan gilla a wurin. Babban mawuyacin hali shine asarar da aka samu daga cikin marasa rinjaye na Yahudanci, inda dakarun mulkin mallaka na Romania suka bi manufar hallaka. Bugu da ƙari, an kai fursunonin zuwa garin, wanda, tare da ma'aikatan Soviet da waɗanda ba su iya tabbatar da rashin laifi ga "ƙananan tseren" ba, an fara tsare su a cikin tsofaffin ɗakunan ajiya, sa'an nan kuma suka harbe ko kone su da rai ta wurin zuba man fetur a kan ginin.

Saki

An fitar da su daga Odessa a ranar 9 ga Afrilu, 1944, a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin soja da sojojin dakarun Ukrainian na uku suke gudanarwa, wanda Janar Rodion Yakovlevich Malinovsky ya umarta. Kashegari, da safe, birnin ya wuce gaba daya karkashin jagorancin Red Army, wanda ya ci gaba da ci gaba da nasara ga Dniester.

Medal "Domin karewar Odessa": wanda aka sanya shi

An kafa wannan lambar yabo a watan Disamba 1942. An yi niyya ne don ladawa ma'aikatan soji da fararen hula da suka dauki matakan tsaro a Odessa tun daga ranar 5 ga watan Agustan zuwa Oktoba 16, Yana yawanci sawa a bar nono, da dama daga wani ya samu lambar "Gama tsaron na Moscow", idan wani.

Mene ne alama ta zinare?

Wannan lambar yabo ta kasance daga bakin karfe ko tagulla a cikin wani sashi da diamita na 3.2 centimeters. Wannan mummunar ya nuna adadi na Red Fleet da kuma Sojan Red Army da makamai a bango a kan tudun teku, inda akwai hasumiya mai hasken wuta. A tsaye sama da su shine rubutun "USSR", har ma mafi girma tare da gefen gefen, a cikin haruffa mai girma, kalmar "Domin karewar Odessa", wanda aka haɗa a tsakanin maƙalai biyu, ya rubuta. Ƙananan ɓangare na obverse aka yi wa ado da wani Laurel wreath, lauye da qwarai. Amma ga baya, sai ya rubuta takardun gargajiya na kyautar Soviet a lokacin yakin basasa - "DON SANTAWA SANTA", kuma a sama da shi an zana sutura da guduma. Adadin lambar "Don Tsaron Odessa" an haɗa shi zuwa takalma a matsayin wani pentagon elongated, an rufe shi da zane-zane mai launin siliki mai launin shuɗi (launin shuɗi guda biyu da ratsan kore guda guda ɗaya) daidai da taimakon zobe da lug. A cewar 1985, an ba wannan kyautar ga sojoji dubu talatin da sojoji, dakarun Navy da NKVD, da kuma fararen hula.

Taron Tunawa

A jaruntakar tsaro na Odessa, suka tafi a tarihi a matsayin daya daga cikin haske misalai na kishin kasa na Soviet mutane. A ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar da waɗanda suka yi hadaya da rayuwarsu wajen kare birnin daga blue teku, a shekarar 1975 a wuri inda a farkon yakin duniya na II zaunar da matsayi na 411th bakin teku baturi, wani tunawa da aka bayyana. Wannan hadarin shine wani kayan aikin soja, wani abin kwaikwayo na kayan ado a cikin siffofin mata masu makoki a jikin mahaifiyar, da kuma Katyusha. Bugu da kari, da coci da aka gina a kan ƙasa na tunawa zuwa Georgiya Pobedonostsa.

Wani babban tsari, wanda ake kira ya zama babban abin tunawa game da jaruntakar da aka yi da Odessa a cikin shekarar farko na Warren Patriotic War, shi ne "Belt of Glory", wanda shi ne masallatai 11. An gina su ne a wurare inda aka yi yakin basasa. Kowace shekara a watan Afrilu, ana gudanar da marathon tafiya da kuma marathon motsa jiki tare da Belt na Glory a Odessa, lokacin da ya dace da ranar tunawa da 'yan fascist.

Yanzu ku san tsawon lokacin da aka kare Odessa, wace ƙungiyoyi sun shiga ciki kuma menene sakamakonsa.