Hawan hawan jini na da muhimmanci: bayyanar cututtuka, haddasawa, ganewar asali, jiyya

Essential hauhawar jini ne a kullum Pathology irin. Bambanci na canzawa akan yanayin cutar sun bambanta, duk ya dogara ne akan yanayin da ya faru. Gaba, la'akari da abin da ke dauke da hauhawar jini na mahimmanci na kowane digiri na tsanani.

Janar bayani

Babban magungunan asibiti na ilimin lissafi shi ne haɓaka mai yawan gaske a cikin ƙididdigar matsalolin. Sakamakon ganewar asali ya dangana ne akan kare dukkanin cututtuka. Har ila yau, hawan hawan jini na da muhimmanci daga lokacin ɓacin rai na zuciya. Da farko dai, canjin yanayin jiki yana zuwa cikin zuciya da jini.

Bambanci na al'ada

A cikin lafiyar jiki, an yi amfani da matsa lamba ta hanyar rikici a cikin hagu na ventricle. Ta haka ne aka zubar da jinin a cikin kwari, sa'an nan kuma zuwa karamin ƙararrawa. An kafa matakin matsa lamba daidai da jinin jini a cikin tasoshin, mataki na tashin hankali na bango na waje. Darajar ma yana da tonus na arterioles (ƙananan tashoshi). Harhawan jini shine karuwa a cikin tasoshin sararin samaniya na babban tasirin hydrostatic matsa lamba. Yawanci, alamun suna iya canzawa bisa ga yanayin mutum. Saboda haka, a lokacin barci suna sauka, amma tare da motsa jiki ko aiki na jiki zasu tafi. Duk da haka, a matsayin mulkin, matsa lamba ya koma al'ada - daga 100/60 zuwa 140/90. Idan ana ba da alamun nunawa a sama, to sai su kafa hauhawar jini. Dalilin da ke da muhimmancin jigilar hauhawar jini na yau da kullum.

Bayanan haɗari

Rawanin jini mai mahimmanci an dauke shi mafi yawan nau'in hauhawar jini, amma ba'a iya gano ma'anar abin da ya faru ba. Duk da haka, a cikin marasa lafiya marasa lafiya, wasu alamun halayen suna samuwa. Alal misali, hawan hawan jini mai mahimmanci ya faru ne kawai a cikin waɗannan kungiyoyin inda matakin gishiri ya wuce 5.8 g / rana. Masana sun lura cewa a hakika wannan liyafa mai girma zai iya zama muhimmiyar haɗari. Musamman maimaitawar ci gaban hauhawar jini shine tsofaffi, mutane da gazawar koda, kiba. Akwai kuma kwayoyin halitta.

Ciwon sukari mellitus

Tarihin cutar ya kasance muhimmiyar mahimmanci a bincikar binciken. Rawan jini mai mahimmanci sau da yawa yakan biyo bayan ciwon sukari mellitus. A cikin pancreas akwai sel daga cikin tsibirin Langerhans. Suna samar da insulin din hormone. Yana sarrafa maida hankali akan glucose, yana taimakawa wajen sauyawa zuwa abubuwa masu tsari. Tare da wannan, insulin yana da wasu ayyukan fasodilating. Yawancin lokaci, hormone zai iya motsa aikin da ya dace. A lokaci guda, karfin jini ba zai canza ba. Amma a lokuta masu tsanani, alal misali, a kan bayan bayanan ciwon sukari, aikin kirki mai ban sha'awa zai iya rinjaya akan tasirin da ke ciki.

Halitta factor

Masana sunyi la'akari da shi yana daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci a ci gaba da ilimin pathology. Duk da haka, ba a gano kwayoyin da ke da alhakin bayyanar hauhawar jini ba. A yau, masu bincike suna aiki don nazarin abubuwan da suka shafi tsarin renin-angiotensin. Ana amfani da shi a cikin kira na wani sashin nazarin halitta - renin - wanda ke inganta ƙwanƙwasa. Wannan tsarin yana cikin kodan. Rashin hawan jini mai mahimmanci a kimanin kashi 30 cikin dari na lokuta ne saboda dalilan kwayoyin halitta. Alal misali, abin da ya faru shine mafi girma ga Afirka na Amirka fiye da Turai ko Asians. Bugu da ƙari, waɗanda suke tare da iyayensu guda biyu ko iyayen da ke fama da hauhawar jini sun fi dacewa wajen bunkasa ilimin cututtuka. A lokuta da yawa, hawan jini ya kamata ya zama sakamakon sakamakon cututtukan kwayoyin cutar daga adonal gland.

Kwayar cututtuka

Mutane da yawa marasa lafiya da hauhawar jini suna da babban juriya (ƙananan elasticity) na arterioles. Wadannan tasoshin sun shiga cikin capillaries. Tare da asarar elasticity, matsa lamba fara karuwa. Dalilin irin wannan cin zarafi daga arterioles ba ya bayyana cikakke. Duk da haka, an tabbatar da cewa raguwar ƙwayar jikin mutum yana da halayyar mutane da hauhawar jini saboda dalilan kwayoyin halitta, tsufa, ciwon gishiri, da hypodynamia. Wani muhimmin gudummawa wajen ci gaba da ilimin cututtuka yana da matakai masu kisa. A wannan batun, ganewa na wani fili na C-reactive gina jiki a cikin jini zai iya aiki a matsayin matsala.

Kiba

Wannan wani muhimmin mahimmanci ne na farko na muhimman hawan jini. Tare da jiki mai nauyi, yiwuwar bayyanar cututtuka sau biyar ne. Alal misali, a Amurka, kimanin kashi biyu cikin uku na duk lokuta na hauhawar jini suna haɗuwa da kiba. A cikin fiye da 85% na marasa lafiya, yawan ƙididdigar ya wuce 25.

Sodium

Wannan fili yana da muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaba da hawan jini. A game da kashi uku na dukkan lokuta, hauhawar jini yana hade da wuce kima daga cikin sodium a jiki. Ci gaba da cutar ya danganta ne akan ikon gidan don kiyaye ruwa. Tare da abun ciki da yawa a cikin jini na ruwa, matsa lamba ya tashi.

Renin

Sakamakon wannan tasiri mai amfani da ilimin halitta yana hade da karuwa a cikin sautin jini. Wannan yana haifar da karuwa a matsa lamba. Hawan jini zai iya kasancewa tare da ƙananan ƙananan matakan renin. Alal misali, ƙananan matakan fili sune halayyar jama'ar Amirka. A wannan batun, a lura da mafi mahimmanci su ne diuretics.

Wasu dalilai

An gano cewa ci gaban hauhawar jini yana da tasiri sosai. Shekaru yana da mahimmanci kuma yana da muhimmanci. A cikin shekaru, an samu karuwa a yawan adadin collagen a cikin ganuwar daji. Saboda wannan, su thickening da asarar elasticity, a rage a lumen.

Hoton hoto

Yaya muhimmancin hauhawar jini ya bayyana? Kwayoyin cututtukan cututtuka sun kasance ba a nan. Kamar yadda kawai takamaiman bayani ya dade yana ƙaruwa sosai. Akwai iyakokin iyaka, bisa ga abin da aka gano asali. Saboda haka, don "babba" (systolic) matsa lamba 140-159 mm Hg. Don diastolic - 90-94. A wasu lokuta, hawan jini mai mahimmanci na gaba shine tare da:

• Ciwon kai a cikin ɓangaren occipital.
• Muddin zuciya.
• Shawara a idanun.
• Buga a kunnuwa.

Sakamakon wadannan bayyanar cututtuka yana ƙaruwa tare da karuwa mai yawa a matsa lamba (rikici mai tsanani). A cikin lokaci, canje-canje na farawa a cikin tasoshin kuma a cikin ɓangarorin ciki na yanayi marar iyaka. Kamar yadda "makasudin" shine zuciya, kodan, kwakwalwa.

Matsayi na pathology

Tare da sauƙi mai sauƙi, yanayin yana faruwa ne da tashin hankali (diastolic - fiye da 95). A wannan yanayin, ƙarfafa yanayin zai yiwu ba tare da amfani da magunguna ba. Matsakaicin matsananciyar nau'in pathology yana haifar da karuwa a matsin lamba (diastolic - cikin 105-114). A wannan mataki, ƙila za a sami karuwa a cikin ramuwar ƙwayoyin cuta, taƙasa ƙwayar cuta, da kwantar da hankalin asusun ba tare da wasu cututtuka ba. Matsayi mai nauyi yana haifar da karuwar ƙwayar cuta (diastolic - fiye da 115). Ƙaramar jihar ba ta faruwa ba bayan rikicin. A wannan mataki, canje-canje a cikin asusun suna da karin bayani. Yanayin da aka ma tare da ci gaban arteriosclerosis da arteriolo-, bar na ramin zuciya hypertrophy, Cardiosclerosis. Ana iya samun canji na al'ada a cikin gabobin ciki.

Magunguna masu ƙyama

Hawan jini zai iya zama tare da:

• Ciwon sukari nephropathy.
• Angina pectoris.
• Infarct.
• Revascularization na jijiyoyin zuciya jijiyoyi.
• Cutar da ke cikin motsin jiki.
• Hemorrhagic da kuma bugun ƙoshin kayan shafa.
• Kusawa a cikin jijiyar ido.
• Sanin jini ko exudate.
• An yi magana game da retinopathy.
• Anerysm exfoliating.
• Renal da damuwa zuciya.

Diagnostics

Ya dogara ne akan kimantawa na alamar motsi. Don tabbatar da ganewar asali, dole ne a aiwatar da akalla uku ma'auni masu zaman kansu. A lokaci guda, ana amfani da tonometer mercury da Hanyar Korotkov. Binciken asali na sifofin ilimin lissafi da kuma tabbatar da ƙaddamar da lalacewa ta jiki shine ana gudanar da shi tare da taimakon ƙarin karatun. Musamman ma, an sanya masu haƙuri takamaiman gwaje-gwaje na gaggawa da jini, duban dan tayi na ciki da zuciya, gwaje-gwaje daban-daban, ECG da sauransu.

Kulawa na yau da kullum

Lokacin yin amfani da wannan hanyar bincike, an saka mai haƙuri a kan tonometer atomatik, wanda ya gyara matakin karfin jini a yayin rana. Tsakanin tsakanin ma'aunai yawanci sau 30-60 minti kowace rana da minti 60-120 da dare. A sakamakon haka, ana samun yawancin sakamakon. Bisa ga bayanai, zaka iya ƙayyade matsin lamba don rana, dare, rana. Bugu da ƙari ga alamun kai tsaye, za ka iya samun bayani wanda ya nuna a fili cewa kasancewar hawan jini. Irin wannan bayanai sa da ji na gudun kara da ragewa matsa lamba at daban-daban sau da rana.

Rawan jini mai mahimmanci: magani

Akwai hanyoyi daban-daban don tabbatar da jihar. Zaɓin zai dogara ne akan irin yanayin da ake ciki. Sabili da haka, hawan jini na jini da mahimmanci na jini yana da bambanci a cikin tsanani. Da farko dai, za a yi amfani da matakan warkewa don daidaita yanayin. A lokaci guda, duk abubuwan haɗari suna buƙatar gyara. Mai haƙuri ya kamata ya daina shan taba da sauran miyagun halaye, sake duba abinci, daidaita ma'auni. Ga wadanda marasa lafiya da aka gano tare da hawan jini na da muhimmanci, ya kamata a kula da maganin kawar da cututtuka masu kwantar da hankali: ciwon sukari da sauransu. Dole ne a biya hankali ga aikin jiki, wakefulness da barci. A cikin menu, adadin gishiri mai gishiri da dabbobin dabba ya kamata a rage. A lokaci guda a cikin abinci ya kamata ya kasance kayan abinci mai gina jiki, kayan kiwo, hatsi, 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari. Tare da waɗannan samfurori, microelements da sauran masu amfani, bitamin, zasu shiga jiki.

Harkar magani

A nan ya kamata a lura cewa hauhawar jini mai muhimmanci shine sauƙi a kawar da su. A yau, ana amfani da nau'i bakwai na kwayoyi a Rasha. Rashin hawan jini na karuwa (na biyu) yana da wuyar kawar. A wannan yanayin, farfesa shine da farko don magance matsalar ilimin lissafi. Daga cikin kwayoyi da aka tsara don cutar, wadannan sun bambanta:

• Diuretics (diuretics). Suna taimaka wajen kawar da ruwa mai yawa daga jiki. Wadannan sun hada da kudi "Furosemide", "Hypothiazid" da sauransu.
• Beta- da adrenoblockers. Ana amfani dasu ne kawai tare da pathologies tare. Don beta-adrenoblockers sun hada da "Nadolol", "Acebutolol".
• Antagonists na alli. Tare da wannan, ƙarin amfani da magnesium a cikin abincin za a iya la'akari da antagonist calcium.
• Masu hana ACE.
• Imidazaline receptor agonists.
• Angiotensin masu karɓar mai karɓar ragaɗi (Lozartan).

Ana yin maganin magunguna da likita.