Hasumiyar London. Tarihi hasumiyar London a London

Castle Tower na London shi ne daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan jan hankali na UK. Wannan ba kawai wani m gine-gine abin tunawa, wata alama ce cewa occupies wani gagarumin matsayi a cikin tarihin na Turanci daular mulkinsu.

location

Shin hasumiyar London a London, a kan kogin Thames. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin tsofaffin gine-gine a Ingila. A lokacin da dogon tarihi da Tower da lokaci zuwa ziyarci fadar, sansanin soja, wani kurkuku, an Observatory, a zoo, a Mint, arsenal, mangaza na Birtaniya kambi Jewels, kazalika da wuri m zuwa yawon bude ido zuwa daga ko'ina cikin duniya.

yi

Tower na London da aka gina a dama, saukarwa. A tushe na ginin tarihi ɗora wa Sarki Wilhelm I, wanda nan da nan bayan ci daga Birtaniya Land ya fara yi na tsaron gida gidãjen domin tsoro da ke yankin. Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na wannan babbar taron a 1078, da Hasumiyar da aka gina a kan site na wani tsohon katako Fort. Shi ne mai manyan rectangular Fort girma 32h36 m, tsawo na 30 m. Bayan rasuwar William na gaba Sarkin Ingila da umarnin a yi na Paint a farin launi, bayan da yi aka kira "White Tower". Sarki Richard na Lionheart wasu hasumiyoyin daban-daban Heights aka gina da kuma iko ganuwar, biyu layuka encircling da monumental tsarin. Zagaye Tower da aka haƙa mai zurfi tsanya, Ya tabbatar da shi daya daga cikin mafi impregnable kufaifan a Turai.

Famous fursunoni

Tower na London ya dauki na farko fursuna a 1100. Suka zama Bishop Ralph Flambard, wanda, a hanya, a wani lokaci ya dauki wani aiki sashi a gina kagara. Rayuwa Prelate karkashin kulle da aka quite m - ya kasance m Apartment, dadin raba binciken, i da ɗanɗanar dadi da kuma yanã shã jita-jita. Duk da haka, wani fursuna ya tsere daga Tower maza maza, ta amfani da wata igiya, wanda ya ba da a da salkar ruwan inabi. A gaba fursuna, Griffin, da Duke na Wales, yana kurkuku a kagara 150 shekaru da kuma ya mutu (fado) da yake kokarin tserewa. Sa'an nan auku a cikin disfavour mutane na blue jini a kai a kai ya zama wani fursuna a cikin Tower. Akwai ziyarci sarakuna Faransa da kuma Scotland (Yahaya II, Orleans Karl Yakubu da Scots I) da kuma firistoci da shugabannin daban-daban darajõji, kuma sunayen sarauta. Shahararren castle ya zama wani wuri na jini kisan kai da kuma yanke hukuncin kisa. Akwai aka halaka yara sarakuna - mai goma sha biyu shekara haihuwa Edward V da ɗan'uwansa Richard, kashe Korol Genrih VI.

Abõkan housed a cikin free yankunan, iyakance 'yancin da zai iya zama wani abu. Founder na Pennsylvania, a Arewacin Amirka, Penn Uilyam, ya a cikin Tower domin su addini da kuma ciyar da watanni takwas. A Duke na Orleans, Charles, yana kurkuku a cikin castle na dogon 25 shekaru da kuma bar bayan biyan wata babbar fansa a gare shi. Reyli Uolter - courtier, harkokin kimiyya, kuma mai bincike - uku stints a kurkuku, da kuma fifita shi bauta a total na goma sha uku shekaru. Ya girma a cikin Castle Aljannar taba da kuma haziqance m Loneliness da rubutu a Multi-girma "History of the World."

Matrimonial da tsare-tsaren da kuma bambance-bambancen addini

Daurin boye wuri na azaba a cikin Tower na London ya fara bayan da Accession zuwa kursiyin Henry Sabunta, wanda Keen so a yi istinbadi magaji ya sanya shi daya daga cikin mafi girma da villains a cikin tarihi na Ingila. Henry m tare da Greco-Roman Katolika, ki gane ya saki daga matarsa ta farko, fille kansa wani biyu - Anne Boleyn, iya kai masa ɗa, samu kawar da a irin wannan hanya ta biyar - Govard Ketrin, kuma ba ya hadu duk da bukatun. A daidai wannan lokaci sarki mai yawa high-ranking mutane hõrarru rãyukansu a cikin Tower.

Edward VI na, na gaba, Sarkin Ingila, ya zama na kirki gade wa mahaifinsa, da kuma bai skimp a kan hukuncin kisa. 'Yar Henry Sabunta - Maria - kuwa mai Katolika da kuma nacewa yi yaƙi domin da tsarki na addini, wanda kuma ba zai iya yi ba tare da hadayu na jini. Bugu da kari, m mutum, da zarar kan kursiyin, nan da nan decapitated da babban abokin adawarsa a yaki ga kursiyin - goma sha shida na Lady Jane Gray. Mutane da yawa masu zanga-zanga da aka kashe a zamanin mulkin Mary, amma na gaba Sarauniyar Ingila - Elizabeth - farke kuma mai tsanani aikatã game da baya a cuce ta Katolika. Tarihi hasumiyar London yake cike da tashin hankali da kulli da shahararren mutane da suka auku a cikin wulãkanci a kan addini filaye.

Yanke hukuncin kisa da azabtarwa

Dubu da dama fursunoni sun kasance a cikin Tower. Duk da haka, kawai biyu maza da mata biyar da aka bayar da girmamawa ga ana decapitated a kan ƙasa daga cikin shahararrun sansanin soja. Uku na wadannan manyan baki sun banza: Dzheyn Gray (a kan gadon sarautar dade kwanaki tara), Ketrin Govard kuma Anne Boleyn. Kadan high-haife fursunoni da aka kashe a kusa da nan, a Tower Hill, inda taru da yawa magoya na kisan kiyashi. A jikin wani hukuncin kisa laifi ya batun binne a kagara. Castle Tower na London store a cikin ginshiki da ya saura a 1500 fursunoni.

Azabtar da fursunonin da a cikin Tower aka za'ayi kawai tare da izni na hukumomi. Saboda haka, Gay Foks, wani laifi suka yi kokarin tarwatsa da Houses na majalisar a 1605 ya kan hasumiya tara. Wannan ya tilasta masa suna sunayen kafin kisa masterminds Gunpowder Plot.

Tower - wani wuri na gidan yari a cikin 'yan tarihi

Da zarar kan English kursiyin Charles II, Tower na London a London kusan ba a bayansa da fursunoni. A karshe kisa a Tower Hill ya faru a 1747, amma da sanannen hasumiyar wani kurkuku, kuma a wannan zamanin. A yakin duniya na farko, an kammala, kuma sa'an nan kuma harbe goma sha Jamus yan leƙen asirin ƙasar. A lokacin yakin duniya na II fursunonin yaki da aka gudanar a sansanin soja, cikinsu da Rudolf Hess. A karshe mutum da za a kashe a kagara, Yakubu da Yusufu, da ake zargi da leken asirin da hukuncin kisa a 1941. A karshe daga cikin fursunonin Tower kasance a shekara ta 1952 da 'yan'uwansa-gagararru Cray.

Sauran amfani da hasumiyar

Tower hasumiyar London ya da wani rabo a matsayin zoo, sanaki m dabbobi. A hadisin da aka kafa a cikin XVII karni da Henry III, ya karbi matsayin kyauta 'yan dabbobi da kuma ba su da wani ikon zama a shahara sansanin soja. A zamanin Elizabeth na, zoo bũɗe, a baƙi. Kawai a 1830 a cikin Tower menagerie da aka soke.

Game da shekaru 500 a kagara sarrafa reshe na Royal Mint. Bugu da kari, da Hasumiyar kiyaye gagarumin shari'a da kuma gwamnatin, kazalika da kayan aikin soji daga gidan sarauta, sojojin da sarki da kansa.

Guard sansanin soja da kuma dukiyar da take cikin mulkin Birtaniya

Special tsaro a hasumiyar samo asali a 1485. Palace matsara sansanin soja lakabi Beefeaters (daga Turanci "nama", wanda yake nufin "nama"), domin ko a cikin mafi wuya shekaru ga kasar rage cin abinci jarumi gadi na Tower hada da wani gwaji rabo daga nama. Kamar wancan English daular mulkinsu kanta bayar dogara kare.

A Tower gidan sarauta ne mai "reyvensmaster" (Sufeto na hankakai), wanda yake da alhakin kula da garken hankakai cewa rayuwa a kagara. An tsoho labari ya ce, idan wadannan baki tsuntsaye bar hasumiyar London, Birtaniya za su sha wahala masĩfa. Don da cara ba su tashi daga nan, da fikafikansu gutsure.

A sansanin soja akwai taskõkin Birtaniya Empire. Suka tsare ta musamman Rangers. Masu ziyara sun iya sha'awan da sarauta Jewels daga XVII karni. Daga cikin shahararrun kayan ado - mafi girma a duniya bi da lu'u-lu'u Kullian I.

Tower gada

Wani mai daraja gaban Ingila ne sanannen Tower Bridge a London. Yana samu da sunan saboda da kusanci zuwa ga sanannen sansanin soja. A drawbridge kan Thames da aka gina a 1886-1894 shekaru. Its tsawon shi ne 244 mita. Yi aka dake tsakanin biyu hasumiya, tsawo - 65 mita. A tsakiyar nassi yana da tsawon mita 61, shi ne zuwa kashi biyu fuka-fuki, wanda za a iya tashe ta hanyar wani kwana na 83 ° idan ya cancanta. Kowane reshe Tã yi game da dubu ton, duk da haka, godiya ga wani musamman counterweight, saki for game da daya a minti. Da farko span saita a tashin ta wajen wani ruwa na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa tsarin. A 1974, da kiwo na gada inji aka powered by wani lantarki drive.

Masu Tafiya iya haye gadoji, ko da a diluted jihar - shi ne a tsakiyar wuraren bayar don a haɗa da hasumiya a wata tsawo na 44 m gallery. Za su iya hawa matakala, located cikin hasumiya. A shekarar 1982, cikin gallery fara yi da aiki na kallo bene da kuma gidan kayan gargajiya. Tower Bridge (Tower Bridge), London dadin babu kasa rare fiye da matukar shahara sansanin soja.