Harbe-harben kewayon 120 mm turmi. Turmi da harbe-harben da kewayon

A alfijir na karni na 20th a cikin kungiyar na soja tashin shi ne lokacin canji. Yayin da takaddama bangarorin haƙa, suka haƙa ramuka da multiport masu garu kashe tare da barbed waya, duk da ikon yin amfani da makami, daga bindigogi zuwa inji bindigogi da kuma iko da makamai wuta iya sa mai girma lalacewar mayakan.

Barbed waya kayansa mãsu manyan bindigogi wuta, wadda ja da abokin sojojin. Har ila yau, ya hallaka garun, amma dakaru da makiya boye baya zurfi ramuka da kuma ga mafi part bai sha hasarori. Abin da ya yi?
A bayyanar turmi a fagen yaƙi da cika fuska canza ma'auni na iko. Har ila yau, matsakaicin harbe-harben kewayon rokoki ya zama wani hukunci factor ga canji na dabara, ba kawai a kan fagen, amma kuma a cikin birane fama.

A farko Rasha turmi

Tarihi, na farko ambaci amfani da makamai don amai projectiles a kan manufa da turmi da aka ambata a lokacin da Rasha-Japanese War 1904 - 1905 gg.

A warehouses na Port Arthur ya mai yawa teku Shestova minti. Sun kasance sũ ne da baƙin ƙarfe harsashi conical siffar a kan wani dogon 15-mita iyakacin duniya. Kisa harbi ideas irin wannan "bawo" da aka bai wa shugaban L. N. Gobyato. Don wannan karshen an yanke shawarar yin amfani da wata 47 mm guda-ganga gun Gochinksa cewa wannan an saita zuwa wani m karusa, wanda ya taimaka wajen kara da tadawa kwana daga 45 ° zuwa 65 °.
Kafin harbe-harben ganga aka sanya a cikin wani mine iyakacin duniya (iyakacin duniya taqaitaccen) da kuma Wad, wanda a lokaci guda hidima a matsayin buffer a lokacin da harbe-harben. Ya sanya, a bayan hannun riga da cajin.

Don daidaita mahakar a jirgin shi kawota chetyrohlepestnym stabilizer. Da harbe-harben kewayon turmi da aka haka ne daga 40 zuwa mita 400, da kuma nawa samar da gagarumin lalacewar a lokacin da fashewa. Kuma shi ne ba abin mamaki ba ne, tun da mine sojan ruwa da kuma soja cajin auna 6.2 kg!

Turmi sau yakin duniya na II

A watan Agusta 1941, Tarayyar Soviet Tsaro kwamitin yanke kara da batun size of 120 mm rokoki. Shi ne mai smoothbore m tsarin da makirci na hasashen alwatika. Loading cikin turmi faru daga muzzle.

Harbe-harben iyaka da aka 120 mm turmi a daban-daban da harbe-harben kusassari na 460 m ga 5700 m (harbi kusassari daga 45 ° zuwa 80 °).

Bugu da kari, rokoki da aka kawota tare da tagwayen buga absorbers da talking gun cewa zai inganta fama halaye.

Barin 1955

Experience fama amfani da 120-mm bindigogi da samfurin a cikin 1943 da aka ɗauke shi zuwa lissafi lokacin da samar da regimental turmi a shekarar 1955. Development of turmi da wannan canji da aka za'ayi karkashin iko BI Shavyrina. Lokacin da wannan nauyi da kewayon 120 mm turmi aka ƙara da ya 7.1 km.

harbi daidaituwa ya kamar haka:

• da talakawan kaikaice sabawa na 12.8 m.
• tsakãtsaki nuna bambanci a cikin kewayon 28,4 m.

A wani turmi da harbe-harben matsayin da za a iya tura domin 1.5 minti.

Turmi m "Tundzha"

A ci gaba da kai-propelled shigarwa ya fara a shekara ta 1965 a matsayin shasi amfani spetstyagach gun MT-LB. Turmi M-120 (2B11) housed a cikin na'ura casing. Fadada turmi a cikin soja halin da ake ciki da aka shirya a irin wannan hanyar da tushe farantin kuwa huta a kan ƙasa, da kuma ganga a lokaci guda a cikin ni'imar da inji.

Ammonium nauyi na 16 kg, 120 mm turmi type:

• 0-843A.
• 3-843A.
• 0-843 da sauransu.

Da harbe-harben kewayon 120 mm rokoki, m:

• 480-7100.

nuna kusassari:

• tsaye 45 ° -80 °.
• kwance ± 5 ~ 26).

Rate a fama yanayi, RDS / min .:

• 10.

Harsasai, mahakar:

• 60.

Turmi hadaddun "Sunny"

A shekarar 1979, a kan makamai da aka soma ta 120 mm a hadaddun "Sunny." Yana hada da:

• Turmi 2F510.
• roba-gaji da bugun jini 2L81 (m).
• 2F510 kai mota (Gaz-66-05 tushe).

M harbe-harben kewayon 120 mm turmi:

• daga 480 zuwa 7100 m.

rate:

• 15 akai-akai da minti.

Turmi sanye take da sighting na'urorin:

• Wurin MPM-44M.
• gun collimator K2-1.
• RAY-P2M lighting na'urar.

A daidai kewayon da turmi wuta, gudanar arsenal KM-8:

• 9.0 kilomita.

Kafa "Nona-S"

A halin yanzu Trend na turmi makamai rage zuwa ci 120 mm rokoki da igwa breech-loading manyan bindigogi howitzers. Sau karkashin sunan 2S9 "Nona-S", ya sa a cikin sabis a 1976, shi ne iya harbe-harben biyu rifled bawo da mahakar tare da gashinsa, wanda rinjayar da ya karu da kewayon wuta na 120 mm bindigogi.

Yiwuwa "Nona-S" muhimmanci mika da kuma ba ka damar amfani da shi ba kawai a kashe ƙarfi daga cikin maƙiyansu, amma kuma don ya hallakar da kufaifan, su fitina wani cin nasara yaki tare da tankuna.

Don amfani a cikin duwatsu, "Nona-S" ne musamman makawa, kamar yadda ya tashe a cikin Zenith na ganga da aka hannu a cikin danniya na manpower cewa ba su da samuwa howitzers ko bindigogi.

An muhimmanci alama ne musamman kananan da kuma zangon 120 mm turmi:

• dako - 1700 m.
• ga m - 400 m.

Saboda haka, ammonium hada da wani 120 mm turmi:

• high-m.
• lighting.
• hayaki.
• incendiary.

Practical harbe-harben Range har zuwa 7.1 km.

Rate yanayin (7-8 Shots) da minti bayar da atomatik rammer. Bayan da harbi da bindiga ganga an yi kafararsa karkashin matsin da matsa iska domin kau da foda gas.

"Vienna"

A 1995 da ya halitta 2S31 Vena kai-propelled bindigogi, "Vienna", a cikin abin da turmi da harbe-harben da kewayon 120 mm har zuwa 14.000 mita.

Ammonium shigarwa qunshi:

• high-m bawo PF - 49 da kuma PF - 54;
• aiki-amsawa bawo OF50.
• tarawa projectiles .
• Su za a iya amfani da duk iri turmi harsasai na 120 mm zamo ba, fãce kamar yadda cikin gida da kuma kasashen waje.
• shiryar da makamai masu linzami "Kitolov - 2m."

Nuna kwana a tsaye jirgin sama ne tsakanin -4 ° zuwa + 80 °. Tanadi-kori-kura ta atomatik bayan kowane harbi.

Ammonium bindigogi - 70 Shots a cikin fama fakitin, kuma ma suna da damar da za su samar da makamai zuwa ga ƙasa ta musamman ƙyanƙyashe a gefen dama na jirgin ruwa tare da wani sulke murfin.
Da harbe-harben kewayon na zamani rokoki ne kullum karuwa da kuma yin amfani da Cao kamar "Vienna" zama da muhimmanci musamman.

"Mai watsa labarai"

Sosai sabunta hanyoyin howitzer 120 mm, da kuma iyaka wanda ya kai 13 km, "watsa shiri" ya samu wani sabon hasumiya madauwari juyawa. Har ila yau shigar gyara da kuma sababbin abubuwa daga 2S31 Vena "Vienna" 2S23 "Nona" SVK. A wannan yanayin, da shasi kuma sabunta hanyoyin battleships MT-DB.

Babban bambancin shi ne kyautata gun 2A80-1, wanda aka sanye take da wani muzzle birki. Wanne ya karu da kudi na 2 sau da wuta cikakken iri daban-daban na 120 mm zamo bawo:

• high-m.
• nawa.
• zamani bawo 3FOF112 "Kitolov-2".

A sabon turmi tsarin 2S34 "Hosta" harbi za a iya za'ayi ba tare da horo matsayi ba kawai kai tsaye wuta, amma kuma iya bugawa suke hari a kan Reverse gangaren tuddai.

Ta sighting kudi ya inganta daga 4 zuwa 9 akai-akai da minti.

towed turmi

Tare da SAO type "Sunny" a cikin Rasha Army zo da towed:

• 2B16 "Nona - K".
• 2B23 "Nona M1".

Duk da haka, ba su rasa su yãƙi halaye kamar Cao.

Irin wannan bukatar ta taso don bayar da manyan bindigogi desantno- hari brigades. Lokacin da bunkasa "Nona K" kida turmi 2B16. Ya aka dauka la'akari da kwarewa da yãƙi a Afghanistan. Dauki irin wannan turmi da aka soma a shekara ta 1986.

Tuni a cikin shekara ta 2007, da Rasha, sojoji ya soma wani 120 mm 2B23 "NONA - M1". A gun aka sanya domin lalata biyu maƙiyi ma'aikata da haske sulke da motocin.

Har ila yau, turmi 2B23 turmi batura da aka sanye take da sojojin ƙasa. Don amfani a cikin Airborne dakarun akwai yiwuwar saukowa jirgin a kan musamman sanye take dandamali. A wannan turmi harsasai hada da duk iri 120 mm min.

Wadannan rokoki sun kasance yaƙi gwada a wani iri-iri gida rikice-rikice.

Da hanyoyin zamani da turmi da harbe-harben da kewayon 120 mm daga 400 zuwa 7000 mita, ba zai iya ko da yaushe dõgara a kan dace jigila sabis ammonium. Saboda haka, da hali amfani da wannan makami a lokacin fadan da ya shafi yin amfani da 120 mm turmi zargin daga rundunar wasu ƙasashe. A amfani da irin wannan dabara damar wuta goyon baya ga dakarun da cikin yankin magabta.