Grigoriy Samuilovich Landsberg: kimiyyar lissafi. Elementary kimiyyar lissafi

Daya daga cikin mafi kyau Soviet masana kimiyya farko na XX karni - Grigory Landsberg. Physics ya zama sadaukarwa kamar yaro. Shi ne mashahuri a matsayin mai bincike yanayin haske.

Tarihin rayuwa da kimiyya

A Vologda a 1890, ya aka haife Grigory Landsberg. Likita wanda a yau ba su san sunan, ba za ka iya kwatanta. A haife gaba masanin kimiyya a cikin iyali na wani babban jami'in forester da matarsa Berty Boym.

Ya shiga Vologda nahawu makaranta, amma nan da nan su motsa tare da iyalinsa to Nizhny Novgorod, inda ya ƙare har da samun sakandare ilimi. Ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare a 1908. Mindar zinariya aka bayar ga m binciken.

Karatu a Moscow

Daga Nizhny Novgorod zuwa Moscow aika Landsberg. Physics ne a nan zama ya fi so batu. Ya shiga Physics da lissafi Faculty of Moscow Jami'ar Jihar. A 1913 ya karbi diploma na farko mataki. A wannan yanayin, da jami'a yanke shawarar ba su bar, amma zauna a kan post na awon mataimaki. Ba da da ewa ya fara koyar da Landsberg. Physics, inda ya laccoci, yayin da za ta hanyar yawa canje-canje da aka tsarkake. Discoverer iya zama kowa.

A halin yanzu Landsberg ci gaba a jami'a kimiyya da bincike, shirya zuwa sama da lakabi na farfesa a cikin dogon lokaci. Wannan ya samu bayan da Oktoba juyin juya halin da kuma yakin basasa - a shekarar 1923.

Koyar da a Moscow Jami'ar Jihar, ya kai har 1951 da dama interruptions.

Ya kuma yi aiki a Moscow injuna Cibiyar da Moscow Cibiyar Lissafi da Fasaha.

bude Landsberg

Grigoriy Samuilovich Landsberg zauna a cikin memory kamar yadda zuriyar bincike a fagen kimiyyan gani da hasken wuta da kuma spectroscopy. A 1926, ya kasa wani mataki mai kwarewa a lokacin - a gano kuma a yi dubi cikin kwayoyin watsi da haske a lu'ulu'u.

A 1928, Landsberg tana aiki tare da daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa na kasa rediyo kimiyyar lissafi Leonid Mandelstam. Tare da suke bayyanãwa sabon abu na Raman watsi. Abin mamaki, da layi daya tare da bude daga cikin guda yi Indian lissafin kimiyya a sauran karshen duniya - C. V. Raman da kuma Krishnan. Soviet masana kimiyya sarrafa to gwaje tabbatar da gaskiya daga cikin watsi da haske ta dumi Ft Irfan tãguwar ruwa. Wannan nasara da aka yafi a Landsberg rayuwa. Saboda haka, ga shi yanzu, za mu yi magana more.

A shekarar 1931, likita ya bayyana zabe watsi da haske. Kamar wancan fara m spectroscopy, tsanani nazarin kwayoyin interactions a taya, gas da kuma daskararru.

Awards kuma Kyautukan

A 1941, Landsberg karbi mafi kyautar da ya lokaci - da Stalin Prize. Academy of Sciences na Tarayyar Soviet, don haka shi Notes ci gaban msar tambayar hanyoyin bincike na gami da karafa. Binciken da m muhimmancin. Bayan duk, a irin wannan bincike ya shafi ma ga kwayoyin garwayayye, mafi mahimmanci, to motor man fetur.

Bude Landsberg taka muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaba, ciki har da kayan aikin soji a lokacin yakin duniya na II. Saboda haka, yana m cewa 10 Yuni 1945, nan da nan bayan nasarar, Landsberg aka bayar da mafi kyautar da Tarayyar Soviet - da Order of Lenin.

a kimiyyar lissafi littafi

Sani, kuma m dalibai, wanda shi ne wani likita Grigory Landsberg. Elementary kimiyyar lissafi, da aka buga a karkashin editorship, ya kawo masa irin wannan nasarar a cikin halin yanzu dalibai. A cewar masana, shi ne mafi kyau na data kasance darussa a kan binciken na na farko a kimiyyar lissafi. Landsberg littafi tsiwirwirinsu m shahararsa da kuma ta wãyi m bayan da dozin shekaru. An ce, a yau za a iya samu a Stores 13th edition. Saboda haka m cewa uku kundin kimiyyar lissafi. Landsberg gudanar da m harshe don bayyana wani mai wuce yarda rikitarwa abubuwa. Wannan kinematics, kuzarin kawo cikas, statics, curvilinear motsi, hydrostatics, kwayoyin kimiyyar lissafi, da kaddarorin gas, taya da daskararru, kuma mafi.

Modern malamai yau nuna da babban amfanin saki Landsberg. Elementary kimiyyar lissafi, wanda sake dubawa samu ya zuwa yanzu, daga wani jiki ra'ayi, la'akari da kusan dukan halitta abin da ke faruwa matakai da mamaki. Dalibai tasbĩhi dace da m tsarin a cikin abin da dukan shakka da aka gabatar.

Landsberg rubuta da na farko kimiyyar lissafi littafi zuwa a fadi masu sauraro. Yau, an yi amfani da shiri domin shigarwa zuwa Kwalejojin Fasaha da kuma a cikin shakka daga cikin specialization hanya. Kuma shi ne samuwa ga makarantar sakandare dalibai sa suna a cikin na musamman azuzuwan ko makarantu da fasaha fuskantarwa. Kuma ga duk wanda ya tsunduma a kai-ilimi ko shirya don shigar da mafi girma ilimi ma'aikata. Wannan tutorial ya ga dama shekaru dauke da mafi kyau gida littafi a kan kimiyyar lissafi, don haka a kai a kai a fitar domin na gaba zamaninsu.

kimiyya da ayyukan

Grigory Landsberg ya yi babban taimako ga ci gaban Soviet kimiyya. Ya kafa wata hukumar a kan spectroscopy, wanda ya daga baya gangarawa. Daga baya, hukumar ta ci gaba sosai cewa an canza kama zuwa Cibiyar spectroscopy da Tarayyar Soviet Academy of Sciences. Wannan ya faru a shekarar 1968. Yau, da Research Institute da Rasha Academy of Sciences, tushen a garin Troitsk, Moscow yankin.

Landsberg aka yaba da samar da wani makaranta na atomic da kwayoyin na bincike, daga abin da baya suka fito fiye da dozin shahararren Soviet lissafin kimiyya.

haske watsi

Babban aikin - bude wani sabon abu da aka sani da Raman watsi, Landsberg, tare da Leonid Mandelstam sanya a kan tushen da dakin gwaje-gwaje na Moscow Jami'ar Jihar. A nan ne suka fara gwaji don nazarin watsi da haske a lu'ulu'u a cikin kwayoyin. Saboda wannan sun kasance iya kusan tabbatar da suke cewa Mandelstam baya sa a gaba ne kawai a ka'idar.

Sanarwar da gagarumin binciken kimiyyar lissafi sun sanya Afrilu 27, 1928 a lokacin da wani colloquium a Moscow Jami'ar Jihar. Nan da nan bayan haka, ya dace wallafe fito a cikin Soviet da kuma biyu Jamus mujallar kimiyya.

A lokaci guda, kamar bude a wasu ƙarshen duniya, a Indiya, shi ya fi mayar mai haɗari. Idan Soviet masana kimiyya sa niyya gwaje-gwajen da kokarin tabbatar da wani takamaiman jarrabawa, da India likita neman gyara na warwatsa hasken rana a cikin vapors da kuma taya. Wadannan gwaje-gwajen da aka sanya shi a cikin dakunan gwaje-gwaje. Quite abke gano Raman watsi.

A cewar records a cikin tsarin sautinsu da masu bincike, a karo na farko, da suka lura da wannan sabon abu a kan Fabrairu 28, game da mako guda bayan da shi da aka lura Soviet lissafin kimiyya.

Duk da wannan, a cikin 1930, da Nobel kwamitin bayar da ta shekara-shekara kyauta ga kimiyyar lissafi Chandrasekhar Venkata Ramana. Tare da kalmar "ga aikinsa a kan watsi da haske da kuma ga samu na sakamako", mai suna bayan da masanin kimiyya. A duniya yi, musamman a kasashen waje fasaha adabi, wannan sabon abu har yanzu Bears sunan "Raman sakamako".

"Letter to ɗari uku"

A shekarar 1955, Grigory Landsberg hannu da ake kira "harafi uku da ɗari." Wannan taro na yi hira da wani babban rukuni na m Soviet masana kimiyya gabatar da Presidium na CPSU kwamitin tsakiya.

Babban manufar da wasika ta mawallafa wani sharhi na Soviet ilmin halitta a cikin tsakiyar 50-ies na XX karni. The wasika da aka musamman directed a kan Soviet agronomist da kuma masanin halitta Trofim Lysenko, wanda fuskanci da hanyoyin da aka kira na kimiyya ba. Wannan wasika shi ne farkon abin da ake kira "Lysenkoism" - a yaƙin neman zaɓe na dama da Tarayyar Soviet masana kimiyya da kuma jinsi musu halittar jini a matsayin kimiyya a duk.

A sakamakon ya kasance mai ban a kayyade bincike a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, da kuma Lysenko aka sallami daga mukaminshi a matsayin shugaban kasa na All-Union Academy of Science aikin gona mai suna bayan Lenin. Bayan da ya faru, da management aka maye gurbinsu da Soviet Academy of Sciences.

Da ewa ba bayan, Grigory Landsberg mutu. Ya mutu a watan Fabrairu 1957. Famous likita ya shekaru 67 da haihuwa.