Haikali a kan Nerl (Bogolyubovo, Vladimir yankin): description, tarihi da kuma hotuna

Idan ka tambayi wani Rasha mutum ya kira na ƙwarai, a ra'ayinsa, Orthodox majami'u, ya yiwuwa zai kira ado Red Square - Cathedral Vasiliya Blazhennogo, da girman kai na Rasha - Kristi Mai-Ceto Cathedral da kuma haikalin a kan Nerl. Me ya sa haka? Yadda ya sanã'anta irin wannan soyayya da kuma fadin al'umma-fadi da daraja da kuma ba da tsakiyar coci na Ceto a kan Nerl?

Prince Andrew

Lalle ne, haikali a kan Nerl - mafi m a Rasha, haka ma, a duniya akwai haka jitu ayyukan haikalin art, kuma shi ne daya daga cikin mafi girma da ayyukan art a general. Wannan sanannen coci ya yi da tsohon tarihin da kawai don kwayoyin hade da gine-gine da kuma wuri mai faɗi. Haikali a kan Nerl - jituwa da kanta! Wannan abin tunawa alama numfashi guda iska duk abu mai yiwuwa m shekaru a lokacin da kallo sarauta na Vladimir.

Amazing Prince Andrew Bogolyubskii gaske ya so ya gina wani babban birnin kasar a Rasha, shi ne mafi alhẽri a Kiev, kyau Konstantinoful, kamar Urushalima. Shekara bakwai da aka gina Vladimir Prince Andrew, mai yawa kyau a ɗakin da aka gina. A koli na wannan aiki ya Bogolubovo kuma gangarawa - Church na Ceto a kan Nerl 1165. Ga Nerl Klyazma aka alaka da kuma hidima a matsayin wata ƙõfa daga da yawa kasuwanci waterways. Haikali a kan Nerl idan girma a cikin wata halitta hanya a kan tudun, amma aka taba gina, don haka zabi da hakkin wuri don shi.

Tarihi na halitta

Halittar wannan abin tunawa da ake dangantawa da yawa asirin, da kuma yi, da kuma tarihi. A tarihin ambaci yi ne talauci sosai, su sau da yawa ba sa ƙunsar kwanakin da kuma ko da sunayen da aka ba a nuna. Daya rubuta cewa Prince Andrew Y. zo daga Kiev, gina Bogolyubny ƙanƙara dutse, da majami'u biyu. Wani zamewa bayanai da cewa coci da aka gina a kan Nerl, da kuma cewa shi Ceto.

Rayuwa Andreya Bogolyubskogo da shawara cewa Vladimirec tafi Bulgaria, inda bayan nasarar da suka mutu daga raunuka prince Izyaslav Andreevich. A yi na cikin Ceto a kan Nerl coci fara dama bayan wannan kari. aiki a kan gina Haikali kwanakin da kuma sau for mu unprecedented. A lokacin daya bazara, kuma gina Haikali, da kuma sufaye zauna tare da shi. Yawancin lokaci, har ma a yanzu wadannan gine-gine da ake gina a cikin 'yan shekaru da duk zamani da fasaha da kuma mechanization.

idi na Kariya

Babu wani irin biki a Rum, Ceto na Theotokos a Rasha beamed kuma an ɗaukaka a nan. A farkon gumaka na hada ya kunshi kwanan wata daga karni na sha hudu. Ceto Church a wani labarinsa na wadanda shekaru ba aka bayyana. Saboda haka, tare da Prince Andrew Bogolyubsky kuma mun yi shirki wannan ban mamaki hutu, ciki har da kafa a Rasha shi ne tsakiyar goma sha biyu karni.

Ga da shawara ne a mafi muhimmanci daya don haka ya kira Church na Ceto a kan Nerl, karni bayan karni, yana tsaye a kan sarkin ƙasar, kusan a gidansa. Kansa Prince Andrew, kamar yadda da yawa masu bincike tunani, rubuta matani da kuma jama'a bauta, wanda ya zo mana a cikin jerin wani daga baya lokacin. Description cikin Haikali a kan Nerl na Andreya Bogolyubskogo hada da "Prolozhnoe labari", "Service" da kuma "Kalman." Yana iya zama cewa da ra'ayin na Church a kan Nerl dangane da cẽto na Virgin a Rasha yakin da aka ko ta yaya alaka da bauta Blachernae baya mu'ujiza.

wani version

Rubuta mafi game da wani mu'jizan da ya faru a lokacin yaki da Volga Bulgars. Sojojin Rasha yi a karkashin inuwa daga cikin Cross da kuma hotunan da Mai Ceto da Vladimir Uwar Allah, daga abin da kwatsam fara zuwa zo rashin tsoro haskoki. Shi ne icon na Our Lady of Vladimir da aka sadaukar domin gina Church na Ceto a kan Nerl. A general, yawancin abin da suka kai mu lokacin kafofin ce Haikali ba kamar yadda Pokrovsky, amma kamar yadda Bogorodichny.

A wannan da aka ce da Life Andreya Bogolyubskogo. Yana da matukar yiwu cewa asalin haikalin da aka sadaukar domin biyu gumaka, da kuma daga baya ya zama sananne a matsayin Basil ta, ko da yake ya ba ta musamman renaming. A cikin wani hali, da cewa wadannan biyu tsarkaka image goyon bayan Rasha sojojin a cikin yakin, bayanai ne marar sakewa. Vladimir yankin a wasu sassa na duniya da aka sani a sama da dukan domin akwai gina Haikali na kwarai kyakkyawa.

zane asirin

Ko a yanzu, bayan haka mutane da yawa ƙarni, da zamani look na coci ne ganin darajarsa image kammala. Yana kawai ya yi daidai a cikin wuri mai faɗi kamar dai shi ne wani wuri musamman halitta da yanayi saboda haka ya faru a nan shiri na coci na Ceto a kan Nerl. Amma archaeologists kore wannan kuskure ne da su gudanar da bincike. A farko wuri, da kuma haikalin da kanta kafin duba ɗan daban-daban, ko da yake yana neman zuwa sama silhouette canji ya gagara. Canje-canje a kan lokaci can sun kasance m, amma, bisa manufa, masu zaman kansu. Amma Hill! .. Its ba a halitta yanayi da hannun ɗan adam ba.

Wannan pedestal ga haikalin da aka zuba a kan wani hadadden tushe. Beach a nan shi ne low, floodplain, kuma babu tudun yanayi bai bayar. Malalar ruwa ya tashi zuwa fiye da mita uku. Don fara yi a karkashin irin wannan yanayi ba zai iya zama halitta, Ambaliyar Haikali za a shafe kowace shekara. Saboda haka na farko da muka aza harsashin ginin da manyan cobblestone, ta amfani da lemun tsami turmi. kafuwar zurfin - fiye da daya da rabi mita, har zuwa nahiyar lãka Layer. Amma abu daya ne haikalin da ambaliyar ruwan dã ba su sami ceto.

A karkashin kasa part

A tushe ne tushe daga cikin ganuwar - a nan amfani da wani kyau hewn da sosai m gwada tufafi dutse. Height da wadannan katangu ne game da hudu mita, kuma dukansu suna gaba daya cika da tam cushe lãka, da kuma waje, kuma a ciki. Saboda haka, kawai boye ɓangare na coci, wanda shi ne girman kai na Vladimir yankin, shi ne mita biyar da talatin da santimita.

Yanzu mayaudari spring ruwa ba tsoratar da na coci, wanda tsaye a kan wani pedestal wucin gadi tudu. Description na al'adu Kabarin "The Church na Ceto a kan Nerl" dole ne a fara da wannan tunani da kuma tsarkake aikin injiniya da kuma gine-gine da gwaninta na Rasha mutane, wanda ne muhimmi ga su da farko, tare da irin zamanin da. Bugu da kari, ya kamata a lura da cewa wannan duka tudun waje an rufe ta da fari dutse slabs, kamar harsashi, wanda aka sanye take da sharar gida da ruwa a cikin nau'i na gutters kuma zuwa ginshiƙin gada suka kyau bene.

Bayyanar da haikali

ba za su iya cimma mutunci da cikawa na cikin Haikali a kan Nerl ba tare tadawa saboda wani wucin gadi tudu. Amma wannan shi ne kawai ainihin babban sanda, a kan wanda ya ginu ne mai yawa fiye da abin mamaki ga magina da kuma gine-ginen na zamaninmu. Wannan fari dutse tiers sama da ruwa a kan wani m tudu, gidan kashe ahu gallery svnushitelnym bel, da kuma haikalin da kanta tare da Silinda drum hasumiya, kuma a karshe, cupola da gicciye, haifar zuwa ga samã a bisa shi duka.

Yanzu Haikali cupola - albasa Dome, da kuma aka Hooded, da katako, ɓamɓaroki. Kuma shi ke ba duk da canje-canjen. Da zarar dukan kewayen Haikalin da aka sanye take bude galleries for promenades tsawo na biyar da rabi mita, kuma a kudu maso yamma na dukan gidan kashe ahu wuce a cikin m bango kauri, wanda shi ne wani ciki bene zuwa ƙofar mawaka.

rabbai

A rabbai da haikalin daidaita kansu kamar alheri da kyakkyawa, ko da yake sosai na kowa irin shiri: guda-gangarawa, giciye-domed, trohapsidny, chetyrohstolpny, uku naves - tsaye da kuma mai gangara. Duk da haka, Haikali a kan Nerl ne a fili daban-daban daga mafi daga cikin majami'u da irin wannan. Babban manufar da magina shi ne sakamako da slenderness da tsawo daga m ƙarfi, da kuma nasara a da yawa a fakaice alama dalilai.

Asiri shi ne a cikin cikakken bayani, wanda ba mai daukan hankali, amma muhimmanci jaddada tsaye tsarin. A nan ne talakawan apse dan kadan dagagge, tsakiyar taga dan kadan sama da sauran. A drum ne mafi girma fiye da saba, da kuma riga, tare da dogon, kunkuntar windows. Kuma shi ke kan pedestal kiwon dukan haikali ne musamman Yanã shimfida wannan tsammãni a cikin sama. Har ma a cikin haikali duk sarari da aka shirya a irin wannan hanyar da ake gani a matsayin daya al'amudin iska tsere zuwa sama.

ornamentation

Kwarai fari dutse sassaƙa, peculiar gida gine adorns Haikali. A fi so image na Orthodox Kiristoci na sarki Dawuda tare da real da dama dabbobi, da richness na gargajiya ado da kuma ba zato ba tsammani - m reliefs na 'yan mata' fuskoki, encircling duk facades Haikalin. A sa na motifs a waje ado zauna wani asiri sculptural ado. Yanzu ba duk sun tsira, kawai goma sha tara hotuna, amma suna da wani real gallery na sculptural hotuna.

White dutse sassaƙa - shi ne musamman mai cin lokaci. Yana bukatar lokaci mai yawa, kuma, wata babbar m fasaha fasaha. Ko kawai daidai to datsa wani dutse - fiye da dubu shagunan punches kamnetosa. A dimbin yawa dutse sassaka da reliefs ga coci a Nerl - wajen dubu huɗu mutum-kwana.

canje-canje

A farko lalata haikalin kawo 'ya'yan sarakuna ba feuds bayan mutuwar Andreya Bogolyubskogo. Bãyansu, sun biyu da na uku, da kuma m adadin lalacewar sha wahala Haikali. Kuma tsanani gyara shi ya fara ne kawai a karshen karni na goma sha bakwai: cikin dilapidated gallery cire, hipped rufin da aka sanya. A lokacin ambaliyar ruwa da kogin yakan zuwa sosai ganuwar: floe m kan plinth Haikalin. Amma wannan ba shine mafi muni. Akwai hatsari a 1784, lokacin da mazaunin na sufi da aka yarda karkasa cikin Ceto Church a kan dutse kawai bukatar gina sufi. Ba in ba haka ba ya tsoma baki Vladimir Patroness ba yarda a kan farashin da dan kwangila abokin ciniki.

Jahilci - wani ma fi girma masifar. A 1877 sufi ba tare da shawarar da m sanya Haikali gyare-gyare. Sa'an nan kashe da frescoes a cikin Dome da drum, da yawa fari dutse reliefs aka maye gurbinsu da plaster, da kuma haikalin da kanta unnecessarily danganta da baƙin ƙarfe aka daura, gaba daya ba dole ba. A shekara ta 1919, duk da farin dutse Ibada zo karkashin jihar kariya. Lama - biyu - sun kasance a rufe har sai 1990. Sai Church na Ceto a kan Nerl aka canjawa wuri sake bude Bogolyubov sufi, sa'an nan zuwa gida Ikklesiya. A 1992, da Church a kan Nerl ya riga a cikin jerin UNESCO Duniya Heritage. Kuma duk da wannan ban mamaki makaman zai zama daya daga cikin alamu na Rasha.