Guringuntsi nama: aiki da kuma tsarin fasali

Shi ne ba wani asirin da cewa har ma da 'yan wasa a cikin mai kyau jiki siffar da kuma a gwada farkon shekaru, sau da yawa sauke daga horo saboda raunin da ya faru. A babban rabo na matsaloli - jijiya. A mafi raunin ɓangare daga gare su - guringuntsi. The aiki na lalace gidajen abinci, shi dai itace, za a iya mayar da, idan lokacin da za a biya da hankali ga matsalar da kuma haifar da ya dace da yanayi domin lura da farfadowa daga Kwayoyin.

Nama a cikin jikin mutum

A jikin mutum - shi ne mai hadaddun da m tsarin iya kai-tsari. Ya ƙunshi wani daban-daban tsarin, da kuma ayyuka na Kwayoyin. Da suka faru muhimmi metabolism. Tare da maras salula Tsarin, su a haɗe a cikin nama: epithelial, tsoka, jijiya, connective.

Epithelial Kwayoyin samar da tushen fata. Su layi da ciki cavities (ciki, thoracic, babba numfashi fili, da na hanji fili). Muscle nama damar da mutum ya motsa. shi ma motsa ciki yanayi a duk gabobin da kuma tsarin. Musculature subdivided cikin iri: santsi (na ciki bango jikinsu da kuma arteries), zuciya, kwarangwal (striated). M nama watsa hasken dake fitowa daga cikin kwakwalwa. Wasu Kwayoyin suna iya girma da kuma haihuwa, wasu daga cikinsu suna iya regenerate.

Connective nama ne da jiki ta ciki yanayi. Shi ne daban-daban a cikin tsari, tsarin da kaddarorin. Ya kunshi karfi, ƙashi na daga cikin kwarangwal, subcutaneous mai, ruwaye, jini da kuma Lymph. Don shi ma ya shafi guringuntsi. Its aiki - kafa, depreciation, tabbatarwa da kuma goyon baya. Su duk taka muhimmiyar rawa da kuma ne na wajibi a wani hadadden tsarin na jiki.

Guringuntsi nama: sifa da aiki

Its halayyar alama - da looseness a cikin tsari na sel. Zalunta su akayi daban-daban, za ka iya ganin yadda suke a fili rabu da juna. Cuta tsakanin su tsaye cikin intercellular abu - da matrix. Kuma a cikin jinsuna daban na cartilages shi ne kafa fiye da babba amorphous abu daban-daban zaruruwa (na roba da kuma collagen). Ko da yake su raba na kowa asalin na gina jiki, amma ya bambanta a cikin dũkiyarsu da kuma dangane da cika daban-daban ayyuka.

Duk da ƙasũsuwa na jiki kafa na guringuntsi. Amma tare da kara da intercellular abu lu'ulu'u cika salts (yafi alli). A sakamakon samu kashi ƙarfi ne, kuma ya zama wani ɓangare na kwarangwal. Guringuntsi kuma yi support ayyuka. A kashin baya, kasancewa tsakanin segments, suka gane m kaya (a tsaye da kuma tsauri). Kunnuwa, hanci, trachea, bronchi - a cikin wadanda sassa na masana'anta taka more formative rawa.

Girma da kuma guringuntsi abinci mai gina jiki suna da za'ayi ta hanyar da perichondrium. Ta wani m ɓangare na masana'anta, wasu fiye da gidajen abinci. Su ne yanzu tsakanin shafa saman, da synovial ruwa. Ta wanke, lubricates da kuma amfanin jiki su, ta kawar da rayuwa kayayyakin.

tsarin

A kadan guringuntsi Kwayoyin iya division, da yalwa da sarari a kusa da su, cike da dama kaddarorin da furotin abu. Saboda irin wannan fasali na farfadowa matakai sau da yawa ne mafi daidai a cikin matrix.

Akwai iri biyu na nama Kwayoyin: hodnrotsity (girma) da kuma chondroblasts (matasa). Suka sãɓã wa jũna a cikin size, wuri da kuma Hanyar tsari. Chondrocytes da taso siffar, kuma su ne ya fi girma. Ana shirya a nau'i-nau'i, ko a kungiyoyin har zuwa 10 Kwayoyin. Chondroblasts kuma su ne yawanci karami a cikin nama a periphery ko singly.

A cytoplasm daga cikin sel a karkashin wani harsashi accumulates ruwa, akwai inclusions na glycogen. Oxygen da kuma gina jiki ga shigar da Kwayoyin diffusely. Akwai zo da kira na Collagen da Elastin. Su zama dole ga samuwar intercellular abu. Daga ta bayani dalla-dalla dogara a kan wanda irin shi ne guringuntsi. Features na da tsarin da laryngeal aiki ne daban-daban daga intervertebral Disc, ciki har da abun ciki na collagen. A kunnuwa, a cikin hanci guringuntsi extracellular matrix aka hada da 30% na Elastin.

iri

Kamar yadda guringuntsi ne classified? Its aiki ya dogara da predominance a matrix na musamman zaruruwa. Idan a cikin intercellular abu fiye da Elastin, da guringuntsi ne mafi pliable. Shi ne kusan a matsayin karfi, amma daure na zaruruwa a shi sirara. Suna da kyau tsayayya da kaya ba kawai don matsawa amma kuma ga tashin hankali, iya nakasawa ba tare da m sakamakon. Wadannan cartilages ake kira na roba. Su nama form makogwaro, kunnuwa, hanci.

Idan matrix a kusa da Kwayoyin tare da wani babban abun ciki na collagen hadaddun tsarin gina polypeptide sarƙoƙi, don haka ya kira hyaline guringuntsi. Ya sau da yawa rufe ciki saman na gidajen abinci. A mafi girma adadin collagen da aka mayar da hankali a cikin farfajiya zone. Ya taka rawar da gawa. A fiber daure a cikinta da fasali mai kama da uku-girma sarƙafewa cibiyar sadarwa karkace siffar.

Akwai wani rukuni: fibrous, ko fibrous guringuntsi. Su hyaline da kuma dauke da wani babban adadin intercellular abu na collagen, amma yana da wani musamman tsarin. Daure na zaruruwa ba su da wani hadadden yanar gizo da kuma aka located tare da axis daga cikin mafi girma lodi. Su ne thicker, da musamman compressive ƙarfi, matalauta mayar lokacin da iri. Daga wannan masana'anta kafa intervertebral fayafai, sa agara hadin gwiwa na ƙasũsuwa.

ayyuka

Godiya ga na musamman biomechanical Properties na guringuntsi nama ne manufa domin dauri gyara na musculoskeletal tsarin. Shi ne iya kai sakamako tensile da matsawa sojojin a lokacin motsi, gaba ɗaya redistribute load wasu har sha ko dissipate.

Guringuntsi form abrasion resistant surface. A tare da tare da synovial ruwa irin wannan gidajen abinci tare da aza iya aiki na dogon lokaci iya yadda ya kamata yi ta ayyuka.

Tendons - shi ke ba guringuntsi. Su ma aiki ne su ɗaure da sauran tsarin na musculoskeletal tsarin. Sun kuma kunshi daure na collagen zaruruwa, amma sifa da sauran asali. A guringuntsi na hanci, numfashi fili, da kunnuwa sai dai cewa yi kullum, da kuma goyon bayan ayyuka ne a wurin taushi nama da aka makala. Amma sabanin da tsoka tendons kusa da su ba su da irin wannan kaya.

musamman Properties

A na roba guringuntsi ne sosai kananan tasoshin. Wannan shi ne m, saboda karfi tsauri kaya ne iya lalata su. Kamar yadda ciyarwa guringuntsi connective nama? Wadannan ayyuka suna zaton ta intercellular abu. A hyaline guringuntsi babu jini. Su gogayya saman kyawawan tauri, kuma m. Abinci su a kudi na synovial ruwa.

The ruwa motsa yardar kaina matrix. Ya ƙunshi dukan zama dole abubuwa for metabolism. Proteoglycan a guringuntsi aka gyara fi dacewa daura ruwa. Ta yi kamar wani incompressible abu samar da rigidity da kuma karin cushioning. Tare da lodi na ruwa kwakwalwa sakamako shimfidawa a fadin intercellular sarari da kuma smoothly kawar da tashin hankali, da hana komowar deformations m.

ci gaba

A jikin wani adult zuwa 2% na nauyin da dama a kan guringuntsi. Inda aka mayar da hankali da kuma wanda ayyuka suna da za'ayi? Guringuntsi da kashi nama a zamanin tayi zai kare ba a bambanta. A tãyuna na ba ƙasũsuwa. Da suka ci gaba daga guringuntsi nama da kuma suna kafa a lokacin haihuwa. Amma bangare na shi, kuma ba ossified. Daga wannan kafa da kunnuwa, hanci, makogwaro, Bronchial shambura. Shi ne kuma ba a gidajen abinci na makamai da kuma kafafu, da gidajen abinci na da pubic kashi, intervertebral fayafai, meniscus gwiwa.

guringuntsi ci gaban auku a dama, saukarwa. Da farko mesenchymal Kwayoyin suna tare da cikakken ruwa, taso keya, rasa matakai da za a fara samar da abu zuwa ga matrix. Bayan wannan ne su bambance zuwa chondrocytes da chondroblasts. A farko ana tam kewaye da intercellular abu. A wannan jiha, za su iya raba wani iyaka yawan sau. Bayan wadannan matakai suranta isogenic kungiyar. A Kwayoyin sauran a farfajiya na masana'anta zama chondroblasts. A kan aiwatar da samar da matrix abu ya auku karshe bambantawa, kafa tsarin da wata, tsattsarkar rabo a cikin wani bakin ciki baki da kuma wani tushe masana'anta.

shekaru da alaka da canje-canje

Guringuntsi aiki na mutum nama a cikin tsari na rayuwa canji. Duk da haka, a kan lokaci za ka lura da ãyõyin tsufa: raunana tsokoki da kuma tendons na gidajen abinci, sassauci da aka rasa, da abin ya shafa game da zafi da yanayin ko a lokacin da wani sabon abu da load. Wannan tsari yana dauke da wani physiological kullum. By da shekaru 30-40 shekaru, da cututtuka iya canza zuwa mafi girma ko karami har, an riga an fara a sa rashin jin daɗi. A tsufa na articular guringuntsi nama ne saboda asarar da elasticity. Rasa elasticity zaruruwa. A masana'anta ta kafe, loosens.

A kan wani m surface fasa bayyana, ya zama m. Smoothness da kuma sauƙi na zamiya ne ba zai yiwu. Lalace gefuna girma, sai suka samar da kudaden da a da nama a kafa osteophytes. Na roba guringuntsi girma haihuwa da jari na kwayuka alli a cikin al'amarin, kuma amma su siffofin (hanci, kunnuwa) ne kusan ba a nuna.

Sosai aiki na guringuntsi da kashi

Lokacin da kuma yadda zai iya wannan ya faru? Don babban har ya dogara a kan abin da aikin da guringuntsi. A intervertebral fayafai, ainihin aikin na wanda aka stabilized da kuma goyon bayan, sau da yawa matsalar aiki na samfur na faruwa a lokacin da ci gaban dystrophic ko degenerative tafiyar matakai. A halin da ake ciki zai iya haifar da wani motsi da cewa, bi da bi, za su haifar da matsawa na kewaye nama. Makawa edema, pinched jijiyoyi, squeezing da tasoshin.

Don mayar da kwanciyar hankali, jiki yayi kokarin magance matsalar. A vertebra a wuri na nakasawa "gyara" don a halin da ake ciki, tsiro a cikin nau'i na asali fitar kasusuwan jikinsu outgrowths (ke tsaye bakin ramin). Yana kuma bã ya amfaninsu da kewaye nama: sake busa, pinching, matsawa. Wannan matsala ne hadaddun. Malfunctions osteochondral na'urar kira osteochondrosis.

Tsawo ƙuntatawa na motsi (plaster ga raunin da ya faru) kuma suna da wani mummunan tasiri a kan guringuntsi. Idan wuce kima lodi regenerate na roba zaruruwa a cikin m fibrous daure, sa'an nan ba ci kullum low aiki guringuntsi. Synovial ruwa da ake gauraya bad, chondrocytes ba su samu isasshen gina jiki, a sakamakon ba zai iya samar da zama dole adadin Collagen da Elastin da matrix.

A ƙarshe sarari: ga al'ada hadin gwiwa guringuntsi ya sami isasshen kaya tashin hankali da kuma matsawa. Don tabbatar da wannan, kana bukatar ka motsa jiki da kuma kai da lafiya da kuma aiki salon.