Gulf of Mexico - wani muhalli bala'i na XXI karni

Cikin dukanin ta zama ba, mutane sun sha yi mummunan tasiri a kan muhalli. Tare da ci gaban fasaha ta zamani, muhalli bala'i fara saya mafi m form. A daukan hankali tabbatarwa da wannan ne Gulf of Mexico. A bala'i, wanda ya faru a can a cikin bazara na 2010, ya sa irreparable lalacewar yanayi. A sakamakon haka, da ruwa da aka gurbata, haddasa mutuwar wani babban yawan marine rayuwa da kuma raguwa a yawan su.

Dalilin abkuwar wannan hadari ya wani hatsari a kan Deepwater Horizon man na'ura, wanda ya faru saboda da rashin kwarewa da na ma'aikata da kuma sakaci daga cikin masu man fetur da kuma iskar gas da kamfanonin. A sakamakon rashin iya aiki, wani fashewa da wuta da ta haifar da mutuwar mutane 13 a kan dandamali da kuma dauki bangare a tsiyacewa na sakamakon wannan hadari. Cikin 35 hours da wuta ya bice kashe gobara Kotun, amma gaba daya toshe mai zuba a cikin Gulf of Mexico, shi ne kawai watanni biyar.

A cewar wasu masana, ga 152 kwana, a lokacin da mai aka zuba daga rijiyoyin, ya samu game da 5 Mill. Ganga man fetur a cikin ruwa. A wannan lokaci, shi da aka gurbata da wani yanki na 75.000 murabba'in kilomita. Tsiyacewa na sakamakon hadarin da hannu sojojin Amurka da kuma masu sa kai daga ko'ina cikin duniya suka taru a gabar tekun Mexico. Mai tattara biyu da hannu da kuma ta musamman kotu. Kokari gudanar a samu daga ruwan game da 810 000 ganga na man fetur.

A mafi wuya abu ya dakatar da man zuba aka plugged bai taimaka. The kyau da aka cika da sumunti aka pumped hakowa ruwa, amma cikakken hatimi da aka samu kawai a kan Satumba 19, yayin da hadarin ya faru a ranar 20 ga watan Afrilu. Gulf of Mexico a wannan lokaci ya zama mafi najasa wuri a duniya. Yana da aka samu matattu game da 6000 tsuntsãye, 600 teku kunkuru, 100 dabbobin ruwa, da yawa wasu dabbobi masu shayarwa da kuma kifi.

Babban lalacewar da aka yi wa murjani reefs, wanda ba zai iya girma a cikin najasa ruwa. Mace-mace na bottlenose dabbobin ruwa ya karu da kusan sau 50, da kuma wannan ba duk sakamakon hadarin a kan wani mai dandali. Fishing ma sha wahala babba lalacewar matsayin Gulf of Mexico wani uku rufe su kama kifi. Mai ya kai har zuwa ruwan jihar bakin teku yanayi reserves, wanda suka muhimmanci sosai ga migratory tsuntsaye da sauran dabbobi.

Shekaru uku sun shude tun da bala'i, da Gulf of Mexico sannu a hankali recovers bayan lalacewa. Amurka marine masana kimiyya suna a hankali kallon hali na marine rai, kazalika da murjãni. Last fara ninka, kuma girma a cikin saba kari, ya nuna cewa da tsarkake ruwa. Amma shi da aka rubuta da kuma kara a ruwa zafin jiki a wannan wuri, wanda zai iya barnatar da shafi yawa marine mazaunan.

Wasu masu bincike sun nuna cewa, sakamakon da bala'i zai shafi yankin Gulf Stream, wanda rinjayar da sauyin yanayi. Lalle ne, kwanan nan winters a Turai, musamman sanyi da ruwa a cikin kwarara rage ta 10 digiri. Amma ya tabbatar da cewa yanayin anomalies suna da alaka da man fetur hatsari, masana kimiyya sun ba tukuna nasara.