Gabatarwa a ilmin dabbobi: banda kisan gillar da dabbobi - wanda shi ne wannan?

Duniya dabbobi ne bambancin da kuma abin mamaki. Sun bambanta daga juna a da yawa nazarin halittu halaye. Ina son su zauna a cikin akwati na dabbobi zuwa na yanayi zafin jiki da kuma gano: banda kisan gillar da dabbobi - wannan shi ne abin da?

Janar Concepts

A ilmin halitta, akwai manufar banda kisan gillar (poikilothermic) da dumin jiki (homeothermic) kwayoyin. An yi imani da cewa banda kisan gillar da dabbobi - wadanda suke ba m da kuma dogara a kan yanayi zazzabi na jiki. Dumin jiki ba su da wannan dogara da jũna uri na yanayin jiki. Saboda haka abin da dabbobi da ake kira banda kisan gillar?

A iri-iri banda kisan gillar dabbobi

A ilmin dabbobi banda kisan gillar da dabbobi - Waɗannan su ne misalai na ƙananan tsari azuzuwan na dabba mulkin. Wadannan sun hada da duk na kwaro da vertabrate: kifi, halittar dabba mai kafafuwa, da abubuwa masu rarrafe. A ware ne crocodiles, wanda su ma dabbobi masu rarrafe. A yanzu lokaci domin irin wannan ma kawo wani irin dabba bace - a tsirara mole bera. Karatu juyin halitta, masana kimiyya da dama har kwanan nan dangana ga banda kisan gillar, kuma dinosaur. Duk da haka, a halin yanzu lokacin akwai wani imani da abin da suka kasance dumin jiki irin inertial thermoregulation. Wannan yana nufin cewa tsoho Refayawa da ikon tara da rike saboda da babban taro na hantsi, wanda a yarda musu su kula da akai zazzabi.

Features na rayuwa

Banda kisan gillar da dabbobi - mãsu saboda talauci ɓullo da juyayi tsarin da wani ajizai tsarin na tsari na asali m matakai a cikin jiki. Saboda haka, da metabolism na banda kisan gillar dabbobi ne ma low. Lalle ne, shi ne yawa hankali fiye da na dumin jiki dabbobi (20-30 sau). Idan jiki zafin jiki ne mafi girma fiye da 1-2 digiri na yanayi zazzabi ko daidai yake da shi. Wannan dogaro yana da iyaka, a lokacin da ake dangantawa da da ikon da tattara zafi daga rana ko abubuwa da warmed a sakamakon murdede aiki idan waje kiyaye kamar m sigogi. A wannan yanayin, a lokacin da waje zazzabi da dama a kasa da ganiya, duk tafiyar matakai na rayuwa a cikin sanyi ragae. Animal halayen ana hana, tuna barci kwari, malam da ƙudan zuma a cikin fall. Lokacin da akwai wani digo a cikin zafin jiki zuwa biyu digiri ko fiye a cikin yanayin wadannan kwayoyin fada cikin torpor (rashin himma), suna fuskantar danniya, da kuma wani lokacin har ya mutu.

seasonality

A matattun yanayi, akwai manufar canji na lokaci na shekara. Wadannan mamaki musamman furta a arewacin da kuma temperate latitudes. Babu shakka duk kwayoyin amsa ga wadannan canje-canje. Banda kisan gillar da dabbobi - misalai na adaptations na rayayyun kwayoyin halitta zuwa da zazzabi canje-canje a cikin yanayi.

Karbuwa ga yanayi

A ganiya aiki na banda kisan gillar da asali rayuwa matakai (ma'abota, haifuwa, kiwo) ne a cikin dumi kakar - bazara da kuma bazara. A wannan lokaci, za mu iya ganin ko'ina a yawa kwari da kuma tsayar da rai hawan keke. A kusa-ruwa da kuma ruwan yankunan iya saduwa da taro halittar dabba mai kafafuwa (frogs) da kuma kifi a matakai daban-daban na ci gaba.

A cikin gandun daji da kuma natsuwa ne quite na kowa dabbobi masu rarrafe (kadangaru, macizai, da macizai) daga daban-daban da al'ummomi.

Da zuwan kaka, ko marigayi rani da dabbobi fara m shirye-shirye domin hunturu, wanda shi ne mafi yawansu suna da za'ayi a Jihar dakatar da tashin hankali. Domin kada ya mutu a cikin sanyi lokaci, da shirya tafiyar matakai domin hannun jari da na gina jiki a jikinsu faruwa da kyau a gaba a lokacin rani. A wannan lokaci, da salon salula abun da ke ciki an canza, ya zama ƙasa ruwa da kuma mafi narkar da aka gyara wanda zai tabbatar da aiwatar da ciyar da dukan hunturu. Tare da ragewa zazzabi, da matakin na metabolism ma slows saukar, ikon amfani an rage, wanda damar da banda kisan gillar da suke ciyarwa dukan hunturu a rashin himma, ba tare da damuwa game da samar da abinci. Shi ne kuma wani muhimmin mataki a cikin shiri domin m zazzabi yanayi ne da gina rufaffiyar "sarari" domin hunturu (rami, ramuka, gidaje da sauransu. D.). Dukan waɗannan mamaki na rayuwa ne cyclical a yanayi da aka maimaita su daga shekara zuwa shekara.

Wadannan matakai ma suna mika wuyansu (nakasar) reflexes aka gada daga tsara zuwa tsara. Animals cewa sha wasu maye gurbi a cikin kwayoyin halittu da alhakin yaduwar wannan bayani, mutu a cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwa, da zũriyarsu amshe wadannan take hakki da zama nezhiznesposbnym.

A impetus ga rashin himma farkawa-up daga zama kara iska zazzabi da ake bukata matakin, wanda shi ne halayyar ga kowane aji, da kuma wani lokacin nunawa.

Kamar yadda ka'idar juyin halitta, banda kisan gillar da dabbobi - shi ne na baya adam, wanda saboda rauni ci gaba da thermoregulatory sunadaran da juyayi tsarin ne kuma ba cikakke.