Furotesta - wanda shi ne irin? Katolika da Furotesta. Furotesta a Rasha

Yau akwai wani koma ibada. More kuma mafi mutane tunani game da m ɓangare na rayuwar mu. A wannan labarin, za mu magana game da wanda Furotesta. Wannan ne mai raba shugabanci na Kiristanci, ko wata ƙungiya, kamar yadda wasu suka yi ĩmãni.

Har ila yau, shãfe a kan wannan tambaya da daban-daban igiyoyin cikin Protestantism. Yana zai zama mai ban sha'awa bayani game da matsayin da magoya bayan wannan yunkuri da zamani a Rasha.
Karanta a kuma za ka koyi da amsoshin wadannan da wasu tambayoyi.

Wane ne Furotesta

A cikin karni na sha shida, a Yammacin Turai akwai wani rabuwa da babban ɓangare na mũminai na Roman Katolika. Wannan taron a historiography ake kira "gyaranta." Saboda haka, Furotesta - yana da wani ɓangare na Kirista da suka ba su yarda da ka'idojin da Katolika bauta, kuma wasu daga cikin al'amurran da suka shafi na ilimin sanin Allah.

Next, za mu magance sabanin Protestantism daga waɗannan wurare kamar yadda Orthodoxy kuma Katolika. A halin yanzu, koda halin kaka kadan zurfi a cikin tarihin wannan motsi.

Tsakiyar zamanai a Yammacin Turai ne irin wannan lokaci, a lokacin da kamfanin ya fadi a cikin total dogara ba kawai a kan wadanda mutane shugabanni, amma daga coci.

Kusan babu tambaya da aka ba warware ba tare da sa hannu na wani firist, zama da shi wani bikin aure ko yau da kullum da matsaloli.

Saƙa mafi cikin rayuwar zamantakewa, Katolika mai tsarki ubanninsu sun tara babban dũkiya. Sauti da alatu da kuma fuska biyu aikata ta a cikin sufaye ɓõye daga gare su al'umma. Girma rashin biyan bukata saboda gaskiyar cewa da yawa daga cikin al'amurran da suka shafi aikata da aka dakatar, ko kuma tilasta firistoci baki.

Shi ne a cikin wannan halin da ake ciki kuma suna da damar da za su zama wani Martina Lyutera ji. Wannan Jamus theologian da kuma firist. A matsayin memba na Augustinian Order, ya ko da yaushe kallon cin hanci da rashawa na Katolika da limaman. Wata rana, ya ce, yana da wani epiphany game da tafarkin gaskiya na Orthodox Kirista.

A sakamakon haka ne "Casa'in da Biyar theses," wanda Luther samu zuwa coci kofa a Wittenberg a 1517, kazalika da mataki a kan sayar da indulgences.

Dalili na manufa na Protestantism «Sola ainihi» (kawai tare da bangaskiya). Ya ce, da babu daya a duniya ba zai iya taimaka mutum ya sami ceto, amma da kansa. Saboda haka, share ajiye institute firistoci sayar da indulgences, da so ga dũkiya ko ikon a kan wani ɓangare na coci jami'ai.

Bari mu ci gaba da su zauna a kan tauhidin da bambance-bambance tsakanin yankunan uku da Kristanci.

Ba kamar Katolika da kuma Orthodox

Orthodox, Katolika da Furotesta ciki guda addini - Kiristanci. Duk da haka, a tsari na tarihi da kuma zamantakewa da ci gaban an dama da tsãgewar ƙwãyar. Na farko shi ne a 1054, lokacin da ta Roman Katolika rabu da Orthodox Church. Daga baya, a cikin karni na sha shida, a lokacin da canji, akwai wata gaba daya ware domin - Protestantism.

Bari mu ga yadda daban-daban ka'idodin a wadannan majami'u. Kuma me ya sa tsohon Furotesta sau da yawa juya zuwa Orthodoxy.

Saboda haka, kamar yadda biyu quite tsoho Hakika, Katolika da kuma Orthodox la'akari da shi a gaskiya coci. Furotesta da dama ra'ayoyi. Wasu yankunan a game da bukatar ya kamãta da kõwa denomination.

Daga cikin Orthodox firistoci suke a yarda ya aure sau daya, sufaye haramta shiga aure. Katolika na Latin hadisin, duk ba wani alwashi na ƙin ɗaure aure. Furotesta ne a yarda su yi aure, ba su gane ƙin ɗaure aure.

Har ila yau, a cikin na ƙarshen babu ma'aikata na zaman zuhudu, da bambanci ga farko biyu kwatance.

Katolika da mafi girman dalili ne Paparoma, da Orthodox - ayyukan da Fathers da Littãfi, Furotesta - Littafi Mai Tsarki kadai.

Bugu da kari, da 'yan Protestants, bai magance tambaya «filioque», wanda shi ne madogara na da shawarwari tsakanin Katolika da kuma Orthodox. Har ila yau, da ba su A'araf, da kuma Virgin Mary da aka gani a matsayin abin koyi daga cikin cikakken mace.

Daga cikin bakwai sharu ɗ kowa Furotesta yarda ne kawai baftisma da tarayya. Babu ikirari da aka ba sani da bauta gumaka.

Protestantism a Rasha

Ko da yake Rasha Federation da Orthodox kasar, amma akwai wasu na kowa bangaskiya. A musamman, akwai Katolika da Furotesta, Yahudawa da mabiya addinin Buddha, mabiya daban-daban na ruhaniya hadisai da kuma falsafa ganewarsu.

Bisa kididdigar da a Rasha ne game da uku da miliyan Protestants suka halarci fiye da dubu goma parishes. Daga cikin wadannan al'ummomi hukumance rajista a Ma'aikatar Shari'a ne kasa da rabi.

Babbar Trend a Rasha Pentecostal Protestantism dauke. Su kuma su sauya reshe (neo-Pentecostals) aka hada da fiye da rabin miliyan mabiyansa.

Amma a kan lokaci, wasu je na gargajiya Rasha addini. Furotesta game Orthodoxy gaya abokai, acquaintances, da kuma wani lokacin da suka karanta na musamman wallafe-wallafe. Kuna hukunta da sake dubawa na waɗanda suka yi "koma cikin Musulunci" uwa coci, su ji Rudunar, ba ta rũɗe su.

Sauran igiyoyin kowa a Rasha Federation, suna Bakwai-rana Adventist, Baptists, minnonity, Lutheran, Ikklesiyoyin bishara Kiristoci, Methodists da yawa wasu.

Next, za mu yi magana game da ya fi na kowa siffofin Protestantism a Rasha. Har ila yau, shãfe a kan wasu ƙungiyõyi, wanda ta definition ne a kan gab tsakanin kungiyar da kuma Protestant coci.

Calvinists

A mafi m Furotesta - Calvinists shi. Wannan shugabanci da aka kafa a cikin tsakiyar karni na sha shida a Switzerland. The matasa Faransa wa'azi da kuma theologian, Zhan Kalvin, yanke shawarar ci gaba da kuma zurfafa yin gyare-gyare ideas Martina Lyutera.

Ya bayyana cewa, ya kamata a cire daga cikin Ikklisiyoyi ƙwarai, ba kawai abin da ya saba wa Littãfi, amma kuma abin da aka ba ko da aka ambata a cikin Littafi Mai Tsarki. Wannan shi ne, bisa ga Calvinism a cikin gidan da salla ya zama kawai abin da aka rubuta a cikin littafin mai tsarki.

Kamar haka, akwai wasu bambance-bambance a cikin koyarwar da cewa an gudanar da 'yan Protestants, da kuma Orthodox. A farko coci imani da wani taro na mutane a cikin sunan Ubangiji, ƙaryatãwa game da mafiya yawa daga cikin waliyai, da Virgin Mary, da Kirista alamomin.

Bugu da kari, sun yi imani da cewa bangaskiyar wani mutum daukan kansa da kuma natsuwa hukunci. Saboda haka, baftisma na faruwa ne kawai a adulthood.

Orthodox Furotesta ne cikakken daura da muka ambata a sama da maki. Bugu da kari, su bi su da imani cewa Littafi Mai Tsarki zai iya bayyana kawai wani musamman horar da mutum. Furotesta yi imani da cewa kowa da kowa yana yin mafi kyau na kwarewarsu da kuma ruhaniya ci gaba.

Lutherans

A gaskiya ma, cikin Lutherans ne mabiya gaskiya burin jama'ar Martina Lyutera. Sai bayan wasanni a birnin Speyer motsi fara kira "coci Furotesta."

Kalmar "Lutheran" ya bayyana a cikin karni na sha shida a lokacin da shawara na Katolika masana tauhidi da kuma firistoci da Luther. Saboda haka sunã a cikin wani ƙasƙantarwa hanya da ake kira mabiya canji uba. Lutherans da kansu suke kira "evangelicals."

Saboda haka, Katolika, Furotesta, Orthodox neman ceto da rai, amma da dabaru domin kowane ne daban-daban. Discrepancies, bisa manufa, tushen kawai a kan fassarar Littafi.

Ya "Casa'in da Biyar theses" Martin Luther ta rushe dukan firistoci daga cikin Confucius da yawa hadisai cewa ana gudanar da Katolika. A cewar shi, wadannan firtsi kebanci mafi abu da kuma wadanda mutane na rayuwa, fiye da na ruhaniya. Saboda haka daga gare su ya kamata a jefar da.

Bugu da kari, tushen Lutheranism shi ne imani da cewa Yesu Kristi da mutuwarsa a kan Golgotha yayi kafara don zunuban 'yan adam, ciki har da na asali. Duk da ka bukata don farin ciki rayuwa ne a yi imani da bishara.

Lutherans ma na ra'ayin cewa wani firist - shi ne kamar wani layman, amma mafi sana'a cikin sharuddan wa'azi. Saboda haka, domin zumuntar dukan mutane amfani da Chalice.

Lutherans a yau sun hada da fiye da tamanin da biyar da mutane miliyan. Amma hadin kai, ba su da kyauta. Akwai raba daidaituwa da kuma denomination na tarihi da kuma Gwargwadon akai.

A cikin Rasha Federation, mafi mashahuri a cikin wannan yanayi ne al'umma "Bauta wa Lutheran Sa'a".

Baptists

Sau da yawa raha ce cewa Baptists - a Burtaniya Furotesta. Amma a cikin wannan sanarwa akwai ƙwãya daga gaskiya. Bayan duk, shi da aka kasaftawa ga shi, daga cikin ha] e UK.

A gaskiya ma, Baftisma - shi ne na gaba mataki na ci gaba (as wasu yi imani), ko kawai wani offshoot na Calvinism. A lokaci kanta zo daga kalmar Helenanci "baftisma". Wannan shi ne babban ra'ayin da aka bayyana a cikin title na wannan Trend.

Baptists yi imani da cewa kawai gaskiya irin wannan mutum za a iya daukan wani mũmini, wanda a} uruciyarsa ya zo da ra'ayin ta yi watsi da zunubi da gaske yarda da imani a zuciyarsa.

Tare da irin wannan tunani yarda da yawa Furotesta a Rasha. Duk da cewa mafi yawan nasa ne da Pentecostal, wanda muka tattauna a kasa, wasu daga cikin ra'ayoyi daga cikinsu akwai guda.

A takaice bayyana kayan yau da kullum na yi na coci rayuwa, Baptists, Furotesta ne m, a da rashin kuskuren Littafi Mai Tsarki dalĩli a kowane irin yanayi. Su bi zuwa ga ideas na duniya firistoci da taro, wato, kowane al'umma cin gashin kuma 'yancin kai.

Presbyter ba shi da wani real ikon, shi kawai ya karanta wa'azin da kuma koyarwarsa. All tambayoyi an yanke shawarar a general tarurruka da kuma coci majalisa. Bauta hada da wa'azi, suna raira waƙoƙin da bi da instrumental music, kazalika da improvised da salla.

Yau, da Rasha Baptists, kamar yadda Adventist, bayyana kansu kamar yadda Ikklesiyoyin bishara Kiristoci da kuma cikin Ikklisiyoyi - salla gidaje.

Pentecostals

A mafi yawa Furotesta a Rasha - yana da Pentecostals. A kasar shi ne kan tsinkãyi daga yammacin Turai ta hanyar Finland a farkon karni na ashirin.

Da farko Pentecostal, ko, kamar yadda aka sa'an nan da ake kira, "kadaitaka", ya zama Thomas Barratt. Ya zo a cikin 1911 daga Norway zuwa St. Petersburg. Ga wa'azi ayyana kansa mai bin Ikklesiyoyin bishara Kiristoci a cikin ruhun da Manzanni, kuma ya fara haye duk comers.

Kafuwar addini da kuma yanka na Pentecostal baftisma da Ruhu Mai Tsarki. Suna sanin da kuma yanka na nassi da ruwa. Amma da irin abubuwan da cewa mutum irin abubuwan da a lokacin da gangaren cikin Ruhu a kan shi, ya dauki wannan a Protestant a kan mafi daidai. Suka ce cewa jihar, wanda a lokaci guda fuskantar baftisma, daidai da majiyai Manzanni, ya dauki qaddamarwa daga Yesu Kiristi a kan hamsin rana bayan tashi daga matattu.

Shi ya sa suka kira su coci a girmamawa ga ranar da Descent na Ruhu Mai Tsarki, ko da Triniti (Fentikos). Followers yi imani da cewa kwazo da haka na'am da daya daga cikin saukakkun kyautai. Ya daukan maganar hikima, da waraka, mu'ujizai, annabci, da ikon yin magana cikin harsuna kasashen waje ko a rarrabe tsakanin ruhohi.

The Russian Federation ya da nisa da mafi m Protestant ƙungiyoyi suna dauke uku na Pentecostal yanayi. Sun shiga taron jama'ar Allah.

Mennonites

Mennonite - daya daga cikin mafi ban sha'awa rassan Protestantism. Wadannan Protestant Kiristoci na farko ya yi kira pacifism matsayin wani ɓangare na rukunan.
Akwai wani denomination a cikin thirties karni na sha shida a Netherlands.

Yana dauke da kafa Menno Simons. Da farko, ya tashi daga Katolika da kuma soma da ka'idodinta Anabaptism. Amma bayan wani lokaci muhimmanci kara bunkasa wasu siffofin da wannan koyaswar.

Saboda haka, Mennonites yi imani da cewa mulkin Allah a duniya zai zo ne kawai tare da taimakon dukan mutane, a lokacin da suka ƙayyade overall gaskiya coci. Littafi Mai Tsarki - shi ne gida da bude kofa iko, da Triniti - Abinda cewa yana tsarkake. Baftisma kawai manya bayan tallafi na m da kuma fatan mafita.

Amma mafi muhimmanci alama an dauki Mennonite conscientious ƙin yarda da sabis soja, soja da kuma rantsuwar kai kara. Ta wannan hanyar, da magoya bayan wannan yunkuri ne bil'adama, yãƙi ga zaman lafiya da Nonviolence.

A cikin Rasha Empire Protestant denomination zo a zamanin mulkin Catherine Mai girma. Sai ta gayyaci al'umma kaura ɓangare na Baltic jihohi a New Rasha, a cikin Volga yankin da kuma Caucasus. Wannan al'amarin ya kasance a Boon ga Mennonites, kamar yadda suka hõre zalunci a yammacin Turai. Saboda haka, akwai biyu taguwar ruwa na tilasta hijirarsa zuwa gabas.

Yau a Rasha Federation ga wannan al'amari a hade tare da Baptists.

Adventist

Kamar kowane ibada Kirista, Protestant ya yi ĩmãni a karo na biyu zuwan Almasihu. Sai a wannan taron da kuma aka asali gina Adventist falsafa (daga "zuwa" na Latin kalmomi).

A 1831, tsohon kyaftin din na United States Army Miller ya zama Baptist kuma daga baya wallafa wani littafi game da ba makawa zuwan Yesu Almasihu Maris 21, 1843. Amma ya juya waje cewa babu wanda ya bayyana. Sa'an nan kuma akwai wani gyara ga inaccuracy na fassara, da Masihi yana sa ran a spring 1844. Lokacin da karo na biyu kasa materialize, akwai wani lokaci na ciki daga cikin masu aminci, wanda historiography kira da "Great cizon yatsa".

Bayan haka, a lokacin da Millerite kasu kashi a yawan raba ƙungiyõyi. A mafi shirya da kuma rare ne Bakwai-rana Adventist. Sun Karkasa management kuma yana kokarin ci gaba a kasashe da dama.

A cikin Rasha Empire, shi zo ta hanyar for Mennonites. A farko al'ummomi da aka kafa a cikin Crimean sashin da Volga yankin.

Saboda ƙi zuwa ɗauki makamai da kuma rantsuwa, suka hõre zalunci a cikin tarayyar Soviet. Amma a karshen cikin seventies karni na ashirin da akwai wani motsi na dawo. Kuma a shekarar 1990, da farko majalisa na Adventist da aka soma Rasha Union.

Furotesta, ko ƙungiyõyin

A yau babu shakka cewa 'yan Protestant - wannan shi ne daya daga daidaita rassan Kristanci, tare da rukunan, ka'idoji, kayan yau da kullum na hali da kuma bauta.

Duk da haka, akwai wasu majami'u da suke a kan kungiyar sosai kama da Protestant, amma cewa, a gaskiya, ba. A karshen, misali, suna da Shaidun Jehobah.

Amma a cikin ra'ayi na rashin tabbas da rikice na koyarwa, kazalika da shawara a baya kalamai daga baya, wannan yunkuri ba za a iya ainihin dangana ga wasu irin shugabanci.

Shaidun Jehobah ba su yarda da Almasihu, Triniti, da gicciye icon. Da suka yi la'akari da babban da kawai Allah, wanda ake kira Ubangiji, kamar na da Sufi. Wasu daga cikin kayan abinci a cikin kowa da Protestant. Amma wannan daidaituwa bai sa su magoya bayan na Kirista ƙungiyõyi.

Saboda haka, muna tare da ku a cikin wannan labarin aikatã game da waɗanda suka yi Furotesta, da kuma yi magana game da halin da ake ciki na daban-daban rassan a Rasha.

Good luck zuwa gare ku, masoyi masu karatu!