A endocrine gland na jikin mutum: anatomofiziologicheskie halaye da kuma aikin muhimmanci

Regulation na ayyuka cewa goyi bayan m ayyuka na jikin mutum, da aka cimma a biyu fundamentally hanyoyi daban-daban. Farko - wannan ne humoral inji na iko, wanda yake shi ne a baya, idan muka kimanta da tsarin da kuma aikin abubuwa na jikin mutum cikin sharuddan phylogenetic ci gaba. Na biyu inji ne yafi m, kuma mafi m ga canje-canje a cikin jikin ta yanayin. Wannan m tsari, jigon wanda aka rage ga gyara ayyuka shafe visceral da kuma na gefe reflexes, alhãli kuwa da sakamako na humoral factor ne da dauki neurotransmitter kwayoyin daga tsoka mai amsa sigina cell gidaje a cikin manufa gabobin. Cikinsa siginar watsa ne da za'ayi ta hanyar nazarin halittu kwayoyin, da kira na waxanda suke da ba a jiki endocrine gland shine yake. Da suke ɓoyewa da abubuwa da za su iya yada ta hanyar jini zuwa wasu nesa daga gland shine yake da tasiri a karkashin iko da hukuma.

Endocrine gland: tsarin humoral tsari tsarin

A alhakin daidai aiki na duk tsarin da kuma gabobin da mutum daukawa kwakwalwa, wanda shi ne saman cibiyar nazarin shigowa bayanai da kuma site na kira na da sakonni aika da manufa Kwayoyin sama da tsari biyu. Kuma idan m tasiri ne exerted ta hanyar mahara links a kan wani kwazo irin masana'anta, da humoral aposredstvenno gane saboda safarar bioactive kwayoyin iya kunna tsoka mai amsa sigina gidaje a kan sel manufa gabobin. A wannan yanayin, da endocrine gland ana shirya a wani musamman hanya, da kuma wannan shi ne tushen daban-daban daga exocrine. Da fari dai, exocrine gland asirce da kwayoyin fita, wato, a cikin muhalli. Wannan na bukatar musamman excretory ducts, wanda da endocrine gland shine yake secretory Kwayoyin wanda ya zubar hormones kai tsaye zuwa cikin jini.

Yana da muhimmanci cewa mafi girma cibiyar humoral tsari ne a cikin kwakwalwa, wato hypothalamus. Ya glandular nama na na tsarin jijiya asalin synthesizes statins, damuarn kira na pituitary ji ba gani, kuma liberiny cewa ya saba wa modulate ta aiki. By wannan kusurwa biyu sakamako samu iko da ayyuka a fadin da tsarin endocrine jiki gland. Kamar wancan ne hormonal tsari na wani cibiyar ayyuka ne pituitary - tsari, shi ne game da 20 sau karami fiye da hypothalamus, amma aikin wannan zama dole ayyuka. Shi ne kuma lura da cewa irin wannan karamin gland shine yake aikata aikin kira na macromolecular mahadi a cikin manyan yawa, wanda ake kira hormones, yayin da sama-matakin tsarin samar kawai statin da liberinami cewa ne mai sauqi qwarai da sinadaran tsarin, kamar yadda yake a dipeptide.

A wasu endocrine gland shine yake kawai sarrafawa da pituitary da mugunya sake zagayowar dogara da ayyukan na kira na Tropic ji ba gani. Kamar haka wani neurohypophysis hada da Adh kullum reabsorption na ruwa kwayoyin a cikin koda tattara ducts na nephrons, kuma oxytocin, a lura da igiyar ciki contractions a lokacin aiki, da mammary gland na madara mugunya. Adenohypophysis ko agara lobe na prostate iko da ci gaban da kwayoyin matakai zagayowar mugunya na thyroid hormones , da decarboxylation a cikin adrenal medulla, kira na steroid hormones a cikin adrenal bawo.

Very muhimmanci gabobin ga mutane ne pancreas da gonads. Kamar yadda tsarinta da ayyuka - shi ne mai gauraye gland shine yake mugunya type, watau su da jiki sites, wasu daga waxanda suke endocrine mugunya irin, da kuma na biyu - eccrine. Kamar wancan gonads kasaftawa jam sel da yanayi, hormones amma daga ƙarƙashinsu kai tsaye zuwa cikin jini. Kamar wancan endocrine aiki na pancreas haduwa rage glucagon, insulin da somatostatin, exocrine - mai kira amylases da peptidases ga narkewa a cikin 12 duodenum. Saboda da pancreas, daidai kamar gonads - shi exocrine da endocrine gland shine yake lokaci guda.