Form ganyen shuke-shuke

Siffofi na ganye, furanni da kuma tushen da tsire-tsire ne sosai bambancin. Yau muna magana game da daya daga cikin manyan gabobi da duk kore shuke-shuke. Shi ne da ganye. An located a kan ƙafãfunsa, kai a kaikaice matsayi a kan shi. Leaf siffar dabam da yawa, kazalika da girmansu. Alal misali, a Duckweed, ruwa shuke-shuke, su ne game da uku millimeters a diamita. Yana iya isa har zuwa daya mita takardar Victoria Amazon. Wasu wurare masu zafi da dabĩnai da tsawon 20-22 m.

Janar halaye na shuka ganye

Leafless itace wakiltar wani tsintsiya daban-daban masu girma dabam. Sau da yawa yana da wuya a tantance ta bayyanar a lokacin sanyi, sa'ad da kambi tsirara. Bishiyoyi da ganye, auku a cikin hunturu, ba girma, amma zama da rai. Kawai bayan blooming suka fara zuwa rayuwa cikakken kuma saya da halayyar siffar. List - wannan ba axial jiki, amma an nasaba, tare da kara, wanda shi ne kubuta axis.

A psilophytes, mafi tsufa ƙasar shuke-shuke, babu jiki dismemberment, saba mana. Kila ba kasaftawa tushen, ganye da kuma kara. Haka ya faru a little daga baya. Modern shuka leaf siffar da kuma kungiyar ne sosai roba. Daga cikin tushe da kuma tushen daga wadannan jikin su ne daban-daban halayyar fasali. leaf harbe su ne ta kaikaice jikinsu. Suna kafa ta surfactants (exogenously) a matsayin bumps located in mazugi girma. Duk da haka, da ya fita kansu na girma rashin. Suna girma da tushe. Su ne ba kai tsaye sauran takardar ko axial gabobin. A ci gaba da wasu iyakance tsawon lokaci.

Leaf tsarin: dokoki da kuma ware

Lamina ne wani Extended rabo daga sheet. Petiole - steblevidnaya ta narrowest part. Shi ne ta hanyar da shi tare da kara haɗu da leaf ruwa. Base - ɓangare na abin da aka haɗe da kara sabon. A kasa ne stipules.

Matsayin mai mulkin, da tsarin da ganye cerebro-ciki (dorziventralnoe). A jirgin sama na fasali ne daya, kuma shi ya raba su cikin biyu halves tsakaitã da juna. Duk da haka, wadannan sharudda da yawa ban. Alal misali, fronds ganye (ferns) girma tip. Amma ga Pine needles, ta ƙãra size a cikin 'yan shekaru. A Pine needles girma gusset girma a tushe.

Duk da haka, mafi m ware ga wannan mulkin za a iya daukan bar Welwitschia mirabilis. Yana gymnosperms, wanda aka samu a Afirka ta Kudu (Kalahari Desert). Tumboobrazny akwati Welwitschia mirabilis (40 cm tsawo da kuma 1 m a diamita) siffofin kawai 2 zanen gado. Su ne tsayin mita uku. Form bar remnevidnaya, su ne leathery. Wadannan ganye mutu tare da iyakar kuma a tushe ne kullum girma. A sakamakon haka, su tsawon rayuwar iya wuce shekaru 100.

Yadda za a rarraba ganye?

A m ganyen iri-iri ne don haka mai girma cewa guda rarrabuwa tsarin dangane da daya ko fiye da halaye, ba za a iya halitta. Akwai da dama sukayi fassara, ga abin da muka yanzu bayyana.

Nau'in na petiole

Akwai hanyoyi uku da wanda kara a haɗe zuwa cikin ganyayyaki. Shuka tsaya tare da petioles ba tare da su. A cikin farko idan, da ganye da shuka kira petiolate, yayin da na biyu - sessile. A tushe na wasu tsire-tsire girma, rufe kan taron kara. A wannan yanayin da takardar da aka kira da bakin farji. Kara son su zuba jari a shi. Idan mazauna gida shuka leaf saukad da zangarniya saukar, shi ne ake kira decurrent. A misali - a ƙayar. Idan wani shuka leaf rufe da kara, shi ne ake kira amplexicaul.

Ethers da ganye

Ci gaba zuwa gaba rarrabuwa. Leaf woje iya zama sosai bambancin a form, size, tsari da kuma sauran sigogi. Akwai iya zama daya ko fiye. Idan akwai daya kawai rikodin, da ganye suna kira sauki. Form ganyen itatuwa a cikin wannan yanayin na iya zama m, zagaye, lanceolate, oblong, kwai-dimbin yawa, mikakke, obratnoyaytsevoy. Lokacin da dama faranti a kan wani guda petiole, shi ne wani hadadden jinsunan. Location lamina iya zama daban-daban. Form ganye (hadaddun) na iya zama kamar haka: preryvistoperistoslozhnoy, trizhdyperistoslozhnoy, dvazhdyperistoslozhnoy, imparipinnately, parnoperistoslozhnoy, palchatoslozhnoy, Ternate.

Duk da haka, da sauki ganye ba haka ba ne mai sauki. Ka yi la'akari da wannan ne exemplified da yawa shuke-shuke monstera. Ta jerin kunshi daya kawai lamina aka dauke haka sauki. Duk da haka, da siffar ne sosai m. A ganyen irin wannan ne ake kira dissected. Akwai sauran iri. Idan farantin ba ya wuce da yanke-bariki na ta fadin, da siffar lobed ganyen itatuwa. Idan an yanka ta na uku, shi ne ake kira a tsaga. Yana kuma ya faru da cewa yanke takardar kai babban jijiyoyinmu. A wannan yanayin, da siffar shuka bar dissected.

Yawan incisions, da siffar da ganye ruwan wukake da kuma gefuna

Ci gaba zuwa gaba rarrabuwa. Tsire-tsire su iya bambanta da yawan incisions a cikin takardar. Idan shi ne zuwa kashi uku sassa, shi ne ake kira troychato- idan 5 - palchato- idan wani ya fi girma yawan sassa - peristo- (dissected, tsaga, filafili).

Leaf ruwan wukake kuma classified form. Ware wani jam'i na siffofin :. ovoid, mai siffar zobe, lanceolate, lanceolate, mikakke, oblong, zuciya-dimbin yawa, kibiya-dimbin yawa, da dai sauransu By guda tushe iya rarraba da gefuna. Mafi na kowa nau'i na takardar baki - na game (m-kaifi ganye). Duk da haka, akwai da dama da sauran jinsunan. Kasaftawa toothed, crenate, kolyuchezubchatye (spiny), serrate siffar meandering leaf baki.

Geterofiliya

Shin ka saba da wannan ra'ayi? Idan ba haka ba, ya kamata a lura da cewa ganye a daya shoot iya samun daban-daban siffar, launi da kuma yawa. Wannan sabon abu zama da aka sani geterofiliya. Shi ne hankula, misali, ga arrowhead, buttercup, kuma da yawa wasu jinsunan.

shuka jannayẽnsa

A lokacin da la'akari leaf shuke-shuke za a iya gani cewa akwai jijiyoyinmu. Wannan conductive tasoshin. Su location a kan takardar kuma iya bambanta. Venation - shi ne wata hanya ce ta leaf tsari. Akwai nau'i nau'i daga gare ta, Net (pinnate da yatsa) dichotoma, baka layi daya. Domin monocots halayyar baka ko layi daya veining, kuma domin bipartite - net.

Muna ba da shawara ga la'akari da kwatanta da itacen oak da Maple ganye, tantance su siffar.

oak ganye

Oak - shuke-shuke da hali na temperate canjin yanayin. Yana za a iya samu a daban-daban yankuna na arewacin Hemisphere. Tropical tsaunuka - kudancin iyaka na da girma. Its ganye ne leathery. Sun rike wani itace a cikin Evergreen jinsunan shekaru da dama, da kuma a sauran iri fada a kowace shekara, ko zama a kan rassan, da kuma ta kafe sannu a hankali collapsing. Form oak ganye ne mai filafili. Duk da haka, wani lokacin akwai cikakke. Wannan nau'i na itacen oak ganye lura a wasu Evergreen jinsunan. The fari, misali, da ganye ne quite manyan (har zuwa 25 cm). A wannan nau'in bishiyoyi oblong-m siffar takardar. A cikin bazara na kambi zama mai haske ja rini, kuma a lokacin rani lokaci ta sauya launi zuwa haske kore, yayin da ƙananan part zama fari. Shade ganye dabam fall. Yana iya zama daga m m zuwa burgundy. Siffofin kaka ganye ba su canja.

Red Oak (in ba haka ba shi ne ake kira da Arewa) - a tsayi itace (har zuwa 25 m), wanda yana da m kambi. Its ganye ne babba, da wasa ruwa. Its sunan wata itãciya samu saboda foliage, wanda yana da m launi a kaka da kuma bazara.

Maple ganye

Eurasia gida Maple. Yana da wani deciduous itacen da m, taso keya, m kambi. A tsawo ya kai gare shi mita 30. Itacen iya tsira a karkashin sharadi gwargwado har zuwa shekaru 200. Its ganye ne babba, da diamita ne 18 cm. Sun furta jijiyoyinmu. Shape Maple Leaf ne kamar haka: shi yana da 5 ruwan wukake, lamarin nuna lobes. A wannan yanayin uku gaban ruwan wukake ba bambanta da juna, da kuma biyu ƙananan da ɗan karami. Taso tududa ne tsakanin duka daga gare su. Petioles dogon. Amma ga launi, shi ma dabam dangane da lokaci na shekara. A lokacin rani da ganye ne duhu kore sama da haske kore a ƙasa. A kaka da suka zama ruwan kasa, ja, Maroon da kuma ruwan kasa tabarau.

Saboda haka, mun dauke da ainihin siffar cikin ganyayyaki. A karshe, mun gaya game da rawar da suka taka.

Ma'ana ganye

A mafi muhimmanci aiki ne da samuwar kwayoyin halitta. Manyan da lebur takardar farantin kama da hasken rana. Yana daukan wuri a cikin ganyayyaki na aiwatar da photosynthesis. Tare da su taimako, da shuka ma evaporates ruwa. Yana iya canja tsanani da tsari, da kuma rufe bude stomata. Bugu da kari, da taimakon leaf gas musayar faruwa. Carbon dioxide da oxygen da aka ciyar da ta stomata. Oxygen da ake bukata domin numfashi, da kuma carbon dioxide bukatar a shuka domin kira da kwayoyin abubuwa. A lokacin leaf fall ba dole ba abubuwa suna cire, da farfajiya na m gabobin rage-rage a m lokaci. Shuka evaporates kasa ruwa, kambi accumulates kasa snow, wanda yake nufin shi ba zai karya.