Fice composers na Renaissance

Tarihi Jules Michelet a cikin XIX karni, shi ne karon farko da amfani da kalmar "Renaissance". Masu kida da composers, wanda za a tattauna a wannan labarin ya kasance a cikin lokaci da ya fara a cikin XIV karni, a lokacin da ya maye gurbin na da coci mamayar zo cikin wadanda mutane al'adu, tare da ban sha'awa a cikin mutum da mutum.

Music na Renaissance

Kasashen Turai a daban-daban sau, sun shiga wani sabon zamanin. A kadan a baya ideas na humanism fito a Italiya, amma a cikin m al'ada mamaye da Dutch makaranta, inda na farko musamman parametrized (mafaka) da aka kafa a babban coci, horar gaba composers. Babban nau'o'i na lokaci aka nuna a tebur a kasa:

A mafi shahara composers na Renaissance a Netherlands - shi ne Giyom Dyufai, Yakubu Obrecht, Josquin des Prez.

babban Dutch

Johannes Ockeghem aka ilimi a Notre Dame parametrized (Antwerp) da kuma a cikin 40-ies na XV karni ɗakin sujada zama chorister a kotu na Duke Charles I (France). Bayan haka, ya kai ɗakin sujada na fādar sarki. Bayan ya rayu a cikakke tsufa, ya bar wani babban wasiyya a duk nau'o'i, tun tabbatar da kansa an yi fice polyphonists. Kai mu cikin rubutun da ya 13 talakawa kira Chigi kundin, daya daga wanda aka fentin a kan 8 kuri'u. Ya yi amfani da su ne kawai zuwa wasu mutane, amma kuma nasu sautuka.

Orlando Lasso aka haife shi a abin da shi ne a yanzu Belgium (Mons) a 1532-m. Ya m ikon da aka a farkon yara. Yaron da aka sace daga gidan sau uku to yin babban mawaki. Duk da ransa sai ya ciyar a Bavaria, inda Albrecht V a Duke tsakar gida amsa kamar yadda wani mawaki, sa'an nan ya jagoranci ɗakin sujada. Its sosai sana'a tawagar taimake fasalin Munich a Turai music cibiyar, ziyarci da yawa da suka shahara composers na Renaissance.

Don shi mun zo ya yi nazarin irin wannan talanti kamar yadda Johann Eckard, Leonard Lechner, Italiyanci D. Gabrieli. Ya karshe kyaun wurin ƙailũla a 1594 mita da ya samu a ƙasar da coci a Munich, barin wani babban wasiyya: fiye da 750 motets, 60 talakawa da kuma daruruwan songs, daga abin da ya fi m ya Susanne un jour. Innovation buga shi baya motets ( "annabce-annabce na Sibyls"), amma ya aka sani godiya ga wadanda mutane music, wanda ya mai yawa na ci mutumci (vilanella Yã Bella fusa).

Italian makaranta

Fice composers na Renaissance a Italiya a Bugu da kari ga gargajiya yankunan rayayye tasowa instrumental music (sashin jiki, kirtani & rukũ'i kida, piano). Mafi na kowa kayan aiki shi ne lute, kuma a karshen cikin XV karni akwai wani harpsichord - da gada na piano. A kan tushen da abubuwa na kaden samo asali guda biyu mafi tasiri makaranta na abun da ke ciki: Roman (Giovanni Palestrina) da kuma Venetian (Andrea Gabrieli).

Dzhovanni Perluidzhi Palestrina dauki sunan da sunan gari kusa da Roma, inda ya aka haife kuma yi aiki a matsayin babban coci organist da choirmaster. ya kwanan watan haihuwa ne sosai m, amma kuma ya mutu a cikin 1594-m. Na dogon rai rubuta game da 100 da 200 talakawa kuma motets. Ya "Mass Paparoma Marcellus" evoked da sha'awa na Paparoma Pius IV, kuma ya zama wani abin koyi na Katolika alfarma music. Giovanni - mafi shahararren wakilin vocal tsarkakewa ba tare da m masu raka.

Andrea Gabrieli, tare da dalibi da kuma dan wa na Giovanni yi aiki a cikin ɗakin sujada na St. Mark ta (XVI karni), "Coloring" mawaka singing sauti sashin jiki da kuma sauran kayan bushe. Venetian School gravitated da 'yan music, da kuma samar da "Oedipus" by Sophocles a kan mataki, Andrea Gabrieli mawaka music aka rubuta, da samfurin choral polyphony da harbinger na nan gaba na wasar kwaikwayo ta waka.

Features na Jamus makaranta

Jamus ƙasar sa a gaba ta hanyar Ludwig Senfl, mafi polyphonist da XVI karni, bai kai, duk da haka, matakin na Dutch Masters. Songs of mawãƙi-singer daga sana'a (Mutu Meistersinger) - shi ne ma na musamman music na Renaissance. Jamus composers aka ɗõra musu Corporation: tinkers, taimakon masana yin takalma, masaƙa. Su a haɗe da ƙasa. An yi fice wakilin Nuremberg makaranta ya fara raira Gans Saks (shekaru na rayuwa: 1494-1576).

An haife shi a wani iyali na Teloli, duk ransa ya yi aiki shoemaker, karin erudition da kuma m, kuma wallafe-wallafen amfane shi. Ya karanta Littafi Mai Tsarki a cikin fassarar da mai girma kawo canji Luther, san da tsoho kasida da kuma nuna godiya da Boccaccio. A matsayin jama'a mawaki, Sachs ya yi ba nasu siffofin polyphony, amma halitta karin waƙa daga song sito. Sun kasance kusa ga dance, shi ne mai sauki tuna da da wasu kari. Mafi shahara aiki shi ne "Azurfa tune".

Renaissance: Faransa kida da composers

Faransa m al'ada to gaske fuskanci wani Renaissance kawai a cikin XVI karni, a lokacin da zamantakewa ƙasa da aka shirya a kasar.

Daya daga cikin mafi kyau wakilan ne Kleman Zhaneken. An sani cewa da aka haife shi a Chatellerault (ƙarshen XV karni) da suka tafi daga tsarkakewa-yaro ya sirri mawaki na sarki. Na ta m al'adunmu kiyaye kawai wadanda mutane songs buga Attenyanom. Sun kasance 260, amma real daraja aikata ta hanyar waɗanda suka shige da gwajin lokaci: "Birdsong", "Farauta", "Skylark", "War", "kukan Paris". Sun ci gaba da Aka sake buga shi da kuma amfani da wasu domin aiki.

Ya songs sun kasance wadanda suka kuma kama da choral al'amuran, inda ban da onomatopoeia da cantilena na murya me! Me! Yanzu alhakin ƙarfafa muhimmancin aiki. Shi ne mai m ƙoƙari sami sabon hanyoyin da hasashe.

Daga cikin shahararrun composers a Faransa - Guillaume Boilers, Zhak Modyui, Baifa Jean Claude Lejeune, Claude Gudimel, ya ba da music wani jitu sito, wanda da gudummawar da assimilation na music da jama'a.

Composers na Renaissance Ingila

XV karni a Ingila ya faru a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da ayyukan John Dabsteyla da XVI - Uilyama Borda. Dukansu Masters kula ga m music. Bird fara organist a Lincoln Cathedral, kuma ya ƙare aiki a cikin Royal Chapel a London. A karo na farko ya ya iya ba da labari ga music da kuma na kasuwanci. A 1575, tare da haɗin gwiwar mawaki Tallis zama boye abinci a cikin littafin na m ayyukan da bai kawo shi riba. Amma ya dauki lokaci mai tsawo a cikin kotunan kare hakkin ya dukiya. Bayan mutuwarsa (1623) a cikin aikin hukuma takardun na ɗakin sujada, sai aka kira shi "ya kafa na music."

Abin da ke bari a baya mai girma composers na Renaissance? Bird kuma aka buga anthologies (Cantiones Sacrae, Gradualia) ya kiyaye da yawa rubuce-rubucen, la'akari da su dace kawai m sabis. Da aka buga daga baya madrigals (Musica Transalpina) ya nuna babban tasiri na Italian mawallafa, amma da dama talakawa da kuma motets shiga zinariya asusu na alfarma music.

Spain Cristobal de Morales

A mafi kyau wakilan Spanish music makaranta sun ratsa ta cikin Vatican, magana a cikin papal ɗakin sujada. Sai suka ji da tasiri na Dutch kuma Italian mawallafa, saboda haka, kawai 'yan gudanar da zama shahara wajen kasar. Renaissance composers daga Spain sun polyphonists samar choral ayyukansu. The haske wakilin - Cristobal de Morales (XVI karni), wanda ya jagoranci parametrized a Toledo da kuma ilimi da fiye da daya dalibi. A bin Josquin des Prez, Cristobal privnos musamman dabara a cikin jerin ayyukan kira kalaman.

A mafi girma shahararsa tsiwirwirinsu biyu Requiem Author (karshe - biyar kuri'u), kazalika da Mass "An dauke da makamai mutum." Ya rubuta da kuma wadanda mutane ayyuka (da cantata a cikin girmamawa da yarjejeniya a 1538), amma shi yana nufin fari ayyukansu. Je zuwa karshen rayuwar ɗakin sujada a Malaga, ya zauna marubucin alfarma music.

maimakon a ƙarshe

Composers na Renaissance da kuma ayyukansu sun shirya flourishing instrumental music na XVII karni da kuma fitowan da wani sabon salo - da wasan kwaikwayo, wanda ya maye gurbin intricacies da muryoyi masu yawa zuwa daukaka da manyan da karin waƙa. Sun sanya wani real nasara a ci gaba da m al'adu da alama farkon zamani art.