Fayil tsarin - yana da ... fayil tsarin: abin da ke cikin kitsen da NTFS. Android fayil tsarin

Fayiloli a kan kwamfuta ake halitta da kuma sanya a kan tushen da ka'idodin tsarin. Ta hanyar da aiwatar da su, mai amfani zai iya kage samun damar bayanai ba tare da damuwa game da hadaddun lissafi mai tsauri don samun damar da shi. Yadda aikin da aka shirya fayil tsarin? Abin da mãsu su ne mafi mashahuri a yau? Mene ne bambance-bambance tsakanin fayil tsarin, saba wa PC? Kuma waɗanda cewa an yi amfani da hannu da na'urorin - wayoyin salula na zamani ko Allunan?

Fayil Systems: Definition

Bisa ga sanannen definition, wani fayil tsarin - a sa na lissafi mai tsauri da kuma matsayin, na shiga kungiyoyin ga manufar m PC mai amfani da damar yin amfani da bayanan dake kan kwamfuta. Wasu masana la'akari da shi a wani ɓangare na da tsarin aiki. Sauran IT-masana, yarda da cewa shi ne kai tsaye alaka da tsarin aiki, an yi imani da cewa fayil tsarin - m kwamfuta data management bangaren.

Yadda za a yi amfani da kwakwalwa kafin fayil tsarin da aka kirkiro? Bayani fasahar - a matsayin kimiyya horo - ya rubuce da cewa na dogon lokaci, data aka gudanar da structuring a cikin lissafi mai tsauri aiwatuwa a cikin takamaiman shirye-shirye. Saboda haka, daya daga cikin fayil tsarin na sharudda - shi ne samuwan da matsayin ake guda domin mafi shirye-shiryen da amfani da data damar.

Fayil Systems Operating Principles

Fayil tsarin - shi ne, a sama da dukan, wani inji shafe kunnawa da kwamfuta ta hardware albarkatu. Matsayin mai mulkin, muna magana ne game da halin maganaɗisu ko Laser kafofin watsa labarai - wuya tafiyarwa, CD, DVD, kebul na flash tafiyarwa, ba tukuna da lokaci zuwa sama rabu amfani diskette. Domin fahimtar yadda daidai tsarin aiki da niyyar abin da daidai ne da ainihin fayil kanta.

Kamar yadda kullum a karɓa daga gare IT-masana definition, wani yanki mai gyarawa adadin bayanai, bayyana, a asali raka'a ji bayanai - bytes. Fayil located a kan faifai matsakaici, yawanci a cikin nau'i na dama juna tubalan ciwon takamaiman "adireshin" access. A fayil tsarin kayyade mafi kyau matsayi da kuma "rahotanni" su, bi da bi, da tsarin aiki. Wanne Hakika watsa daidai data ga mai amfani. Yana accesses data ga manufar karatu, gyara, halittar sababbi. A takamaiman algorithm tana aiki tare da "tsarawa" fayil na iya zama daban-daban. Ya dogara da kwamfuta, da tsarin aiki irin, da ƙayyadaddu na adana bayanai, da sauran yanayi. Saboda akwai daban-daban na fayil tsarin. Kowace daga cikinsu ne aka gyara domin amfani a wani musamman tsarin aiki ko yin aiki tare da wasu iri data.

Adapting da Disc kafofin watsa labaru da za a yi amfani da lissafi mai tsauri ga wani musamman fayil tsarin da aka kira su da kwaskwarima. Dace hardware abubuwa fitar - gungu - an yi tattalinta dõmin rikodin a kan su fayiloli, kazalika da karanta su daidai da matsayin hõrarru cikin ko ta wani hanya data kula da tsarin. Yadda za a canza fayil tsarin? A mafi yawan lokuta za a yi wannan ne kawai ta hanyar reformatting da data m. Yawanci, fayilolin sharewa. Duk da haka, akwai bambance-bambancen da wani a cikin abin da, hawan keke takamaiman shirye-shirye, shi ne har yanzu zai yiwu, ko da yake shi yawanci bukatar babban adadin lokaci don canja data management system, barin karshen m.

Fayil tsarin ba aiki daidai. Akwai iya zama wasu kasawa a cikin kungiyar na aikin da data tubalan. Amma a mafi yawan lokuta su ne ba m. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, babu matsaloli tare da yadda za a gyara fayil tsarin kurakurai da ya kawar. A Windows, domin wannan, musamman, na samar da Hadakar software mafita samuwa ga wani mai amfani. Kamar, misali, shirin "Duba Disk".

jinsunan

Zaka iya kira abin da iri fayil tsarin, ya fi na kowa? Kila, musamman masu amfani da mafi m OS a duniya domin PC - Windows. Major fayil tsarin Windows - shi ne mai, FAT32, NTFS da su daban-daban gyare-gyare. Tare da shahararsa na kwakwalwa samu wayoyin salula na zamani da kuma Allunan. Mafi yawansu, idan mun yi magana game da duniya kasuwar da ba a yi la'akari da bambance-bambance a cikin fasaha dandamali, sarrafa da Android OS kuma iOS. Wadannan unsa a guje su Algorithms aiki tare da bayanai da suke da daban-daban daga wadanda cewa faye hali fayil tsarin Windows.

Standards bude ga dukan

Ya kamata a lura da cewa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan a cikin duniya lantarki kasuwa, akwai wasu harmonization na nagartacce a cikin bangare na OS da dama bayanai iri. Wannan za a iya gani a kamanni biyu. Da fari dai, a kan daban-daban na'urorin yanã gudãna biyu jũna iri Tsarukan aiki sau da yawa amfani da wannan fayil tsarin, ne daidai da jituwa tare da kowane OS. Na biyu, ta zamani, versions na tsarin aiki, kamar yadda mai mulkin, su iya gane ba kawai da hankula fayil tsarin kansu, amma kuma da wadanda ke al'ada amfani a wasu Tsarukan aiki - ko dai ta hanyar saka lissafi mai tsauri da kuma yin amfani da ɓangare na uku software. Alal misali, wani zamani version of Linux, kamar mai mulkin, ba matsala yarda da alama fayil tsarin for Windows.

A tsarin da fayil tsarin

Duk da cewa da iri fayil tsarin da ake gabatar a babban isa yawa, da suka yi aiki a matsayin dukan ne sosai irin wannan akida, (general makirci muka kayyade sama) da kuma a cikin tsarin na kama tsarin abubuwa, ko abubuwa. Bari mu auna su. Menene babban abubuwa na fayil tsarin?

Daya daga cikin key - shi ne mai directory. Shi ne wani ya zama ruwan dare data yankin a cikin abin da fayiloli za a iya sanya. Directory tsarin - matsayi. Abin da ake nufi? Daya ko fiye da kundayen za a iya sanya shi a cikin wani. Wanne, bi da bi, wani bangare ne na "m". A mafi "main" an dauke su da tushen directory. Idan muka magana game da ka'idodin, dangane da wanda aiki da fayil tsarin ne Windows - 7, 8, XP, ko wani version - tushen directory an dauki mai ma'ana drive, wakilta wasika - yawanci, C, D, E (amma ba za ka iya siffanta wani abu a cikin Turanci haruffa). Kamar yadda gaisuwa, misali, Linux OS, akwai tushen directory abubuwa a matsayin wani Magnetic m matsayin dukan. A wannan tsarin aiki da kuma sauran aiki tsarin, dangane da Usul - shi yana nufin wadanda Android - ma'ana tafiyarwa ba amfani. Zan iya adana fayiloli ba tare da wani directory? Na'am. Amma wannan ba sosai dace. A gaskiya ma, ta'aziyya a ta amfani da PC - daya daga cikin dalilan da gabatarwar data a cikin fayil tsarin da manufa na rarraba taskoki. Kira, ta hanyar, za su iya zama daban-daban. A Windows directory fayil sunan ga Linux - a yawa hanya daya. Amma gargajiya, yi amfani da shekaru da yawa, da sunan shugabanci a cikin OS - "directory." Kamar yadda da baya Windows da Linux tsarukan - DOS, Unix.

A wani yanayi na IT-kwararru ba su da wata hujja ra'ayi game da cewa, la'akari da ko da fayil mai tsarin kashi na Game da tsarin. Waɗanda suka yi ĩmãni da cewa wannan ba gaba ɗaya daidai, jayayya da ra'ayi haka da cewa tsarin zai iya da kyau wanzu ba tare da fayiloli. Bari shi daga wani m ra'ayi da kuma m sabon abu. Ko akwai wani fayiloli a kan faifai, yana rubuce, m ga tsarin iya har yanzu zama ba. Yawanci, da Magnetic kafofin watsa labarai cewa ana sayar a Stores, kada dauke da wani files. Kuma bã su da wani dace tsarin ne ba. A cewar wani ra'ayi, da fayiloli kamata a yi la'akari da wani na game bangaren na tsarin da suka gudanar. Me ya sa? Kuma domin, a cewar masana, da alkawari Algorithms saba da farko daga aikin shi tare da fayiloli cikin wadanda ko wasu matsayin. Domin wani abu wadannan tsarin ba su dace.

Wani kashi cewa shi ne yanzu a mafi fayil tsarin - shi ne mai gajeren hanya. Yana da wani data yankin dauke da bayanai a kan location da wani takamaiman fayil a wani takamaiman wuri. Wannan shi ne, za ka iya sanya gajeriyar hanya a wuri guda da Disc, amma yana yiwuwa su samar da damar yin amfani da so data yanki, wanda aka located in wani ɓangare na m. Zaton cewa tasirin - cikakken fledged fayil tsarin abubuwa, za ka iya, idan muka yarda da cewa wadannan su ne ma fayiloli.

Ko dai hanya ba zai zama daidai ba ne a ce dukan iri uku data - fayiloli, gajerun hanyoyi da kuma manyan fayiloli - su ne 'yan Game da tsarin. A kalla, wannan rubutu zai dace da daya daga cikin na kowa wuraren view. A mafi muhimmanci al'amari da cewa characterizes yadda fayil tsarin aiki - shi ne ka'idodin ambata sunayen fayiloli da kuma kundayen.

Fayil kuma directory sunayen daban-daban a tsarin

Idan muka ɗauka cewa fayil - shi ne har yanzu bijiro da batun kafa abubuwa na masu tsarin, ya zama dole su yi la'akari da su na asali tsarin. Abin da za a iya gani a farko wuri? Domin saukaka samun su a mafi zamani data gudanar da tsarin bayar da wani biyu-bene tsarin fayil saka suna. A farko matakin - shi ne da sunan. Na biyu - tsawo. Dauki misali da wani fayil na kiɗa dance.mp3. Dance - shi ne da sunan. Mp3 - tsawo. A farko ne aka yi nufi ga bayyana ga mai amfani ne da abinda ke ciki na fayil (kuma ga shirin ya zama wani tunani nufi ga sauƙi damar). Na biyu na nuna irin fayil. Idan Mp3, shi ne, ba wuya a tsammani cewa shi ya zo music. Fayiloli tare da tsawo Doc - yana da kullum, takardu, jpg - hotuna, Html - Web pages.

Taskoki, bi da bi, da daya-bene tsarin. Bã su da kawai da sunan, babu wani tsawo. Idan muka magana game da bambance-bambance tsakanin daban-daban na data gudanar da tsarin, abu na farko da ya kamata ka kula - wannan shi ne kawai wannan ka'idodin da ake aiwatar a cikin ambatar fayiloli da kuma kundayen. Game da ƙayyadaddu na Windows gaba. Duniya da ya fi rare tsarin aiki fayiloli iya mai suna a cikin kowane harshe. Matsakaicin tsawon, duk da haka, a lokaci guda yana da iyaka. Its musamman tazara ya dogara da data gudanar da tsarin. Yawanci wannan darajar cikin 200-260 haruffa.

The general mulki ga dukan aiki tsarin da kuma daidai data management - a guda directory iya ba dauke da fayiloli tare da wannan sunayen. A Linux, a cikin wannan yanayin akwai wani "walwalar" na dokoki. A wannan wajen iya zama da fayiloli tare da guda haruffa amma a wani daban-daban Register. Alal misali, dance.mp3 da dance.mp3. A Windows, wannan bashi yiwuwa. Wadannan dokoki suna kafa ma a bangare na masauki a sauran kundayen.

Jawabi fayiloli da kuma kundayen

Jawabi fayiloli da kuma kundayen - a key kashi na daidai da tsarin. A Windows, ta al'ada format zai yi kama da wannan: C: / Takardu / Music / - shi ne samun shugabanci Music. Idan muna sha'awar wani musamman fayil, da adireshin zai yi kama da wannan: C: /Documents/Music/Dance.mp3. Me ne "mai amfani"? Gaskiyar ita ce, a matakin hardware da software aka gyara daga kwamfutarka hulda tsarin fayil damar yafi wuya. A fayil tsarin kayyade wuri daga cikin fayil tubalan da interacts tare da aiki da tsarin ga mafi part ɓõye, a cikin mai amfani da ayyukan. Duk da haka, da mai amfani da PC ne da wuya a bukatar amfani da wasu tsare-tsare, "adireshin". Kusan ko da yaushe suna da damar yin amfani da fayiloli a kayyade misali.

Kwatanta fayil tsarin for Windows

Mun yi nazari da janar ka'idojin aiki na fayil tsarin. La'akari da yanzu ya fi na kowa siffofin na su jinsunan. A Windows, da aka fi amfani fayil tsarin irin kitse, FAT32, NTFS, kuma exFAT. A farko a cikin wannan jerin aka dauke su a m. Ta, duk da haka, ya dade wani irin flagship na masana'antu, amma tare da ci gaban da fasaha damar ta PC daina gamsar da mai amfani da bukatun da hanya bukatun daga software.

Tsara don maye gurbin mai fayil tsarin - shi ne FAT32. A cewar da yawa IT-masana, shi ne a yanzu da mafi m lõkacin da ta je kasuwa tare da Windows inji mai kwakwalwa. An mafi sau da yawa amfani a lokacin da adanar fayiloli a wuya tafiyarwa da kuma flash tafiyarwa. Zaka kuma iya lura cewa data gudanar da tsarin da aka yi amfani da quite a kai a kai a cikin memory kayayyaki na daban-daban dijital na'urorin - phones, kyamarori. Babban amfani da FAT32, wanda aka ware IT-masana, don haka yana da versatility. Duk da cewa wannan ya haifar da fayil tsarin da Microsoft ya yi aiki tare da bayanai a cikin tsarin shar'anta a cikin lissafi mai tsauri ne mafi zamani Tsarukan aiki, ciki har da wadanda aka shigar a kan wadannan iri dijital fasaha.

FAT32 fayil tsarin da yawan drawbacks. Da farko, shi iya lura laifi a kan girman da musamman fayil - shi ba zai iya zama ya fi girma fiye 4 GB. Har ila yau a cikin FAT32 tsarin ba za a iya gina-in Windows kayayyakin aiki, don saita ma'ana drive, girman wanda zai zama ya fi girma fiye 32 GB. Amma za a yi wannan da installing ƙarin musamman software.

Wani rare fayil management system cewa ɓullo da Microsoft - shi ne NTFS. A cewar wasu IT-masana, masu rinjaye na sigogi da shi shi ne mafifici a FAT32. Amma shi wannan rubutu shi ne inganci, idan yana da wani PC guje karkashin Windows. NTFS ba kamar yadda duniya kamar yadda FAT32. Features na da aiki yi amfani da wannan fayil tsarin ne ba ko da yaushe dadi, musamman a kan ta hannu da na'urorin. Daya daga cikin key amfanin NFTS - AMINCI. Alal misali, a lokuta inda wani rumbun kwamfutarka ba zato ba tsammani da ikon da ke kashe, yiwuwar cewa fayiloli a lalace, an rage zuwa m, godiya ga bayar da lissafi mai tsauri ga NTFS kwafi na bayanan shiga.

Daya daga cikin sabuwar fayil tsarin daga Microsoft - exFAT. To shi ne saba wa flash tafiyarwa. Ka'idodi na aikin in shi ne guda kamar yadda a FAT32, amma akwai kuma wani gagarumin zamani a wasu madaidaci: misali, akwai wani hani a kan size of guda fayil. Duk da haka, da exFAT tsarin, kamar yadda muka gani da yawa IT-masana, ciki har da wadanda suke da low versatility. A kwakwalwa a guje Tsarukan aiki da sauran fiye da Windows, aiki tare fayiloli ta amfani da lokacin da exFAT iya zama da wuya. Bugu da ƙari, ko da wasu juyi na fi na Windows, kamar XP, da bayanai a kan woje tsara don exFAT lissafi mai tsauri, ba za a iya karanta. Bukatar shigar da ƙarin direbobi.

Kula cewa saboda da hannu na isasshe fadi da kewayon fayil tsarin a Windows mai amfani iya fuskanci lokaci-lokaci wahala a cikin bangare na karfinsu na daban-daban na'urorin da kwamfuta. A wasu lokuta, misali, kana so ka shigar da fayil tsarin direban WPD (Windows Fir na'urorin - da fasahar amfani a wurin aiki tare da šaukuwa na'urorin). Wani lokaci yana iya zama a kan hannu a mai amfani da, don haka da cewa waje tsarin aiki support iya ba gane. WPD fayil tsarin software na iya bukatar ƙarin wajen daidaita da aiki yanayi a kan wani musamman kwamfuta. A wasu lokuta, mai amfani za a tilasta juya zuwa IT-kwararru na matsalar.

Yadda za a tantance abin da fayil tsarin - exFAT ko NTFS, amma zai iya zama, FAT32 - mafi kyau duka don amfani a takamaiman lokuta? Yabo IT-kwararru a matsayin dukan wadannan. Za ka iya amfani da biyu asali hanyoyin. Kamar yadda na farko ya zama mai rabuwa da hankula fayil tsarin rumbun kwamfutarka, kazalika da wa? Anda suke mafi alhẽri saba da flash drive. Mai da FAT32, bisa ga kwararru da yawa, shi ne mafi alhẽri dace domin "flash tafiyarwa", NTFS - for wuya tafiyarwa (saboda fasaha peculiarities na aiki tare da bayanai).

A karo na biyu m, da darajar ne da darajar da m. Idan ya zo ga yin amfani da wani gwada da kananan adadin drive ko USB drive, ka iya format su a FAT32 tsarin. Idan faifai ne ya fi girma, za ka iya kokarin exFAT. Amma kawai idan ba ka yi nufin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai a kan wasu kwakwalwa, musamman ma wadanda inda akwai ba mafi yawan 'yan version na Windows. Idan ya zo ga manyan wuya tafiyarwa, ciki har da na waje, sa'an nan suka kamata a tsara a cikin NTFS. Around irin sharudda da wanda mafi kyau duka fayil tsarin za a iya zaba - exFAT ko NTFS, FAT32. Wannan shi ne, yin amfani da wani daga cikinsu ya kamata a ba da kafofin watsa labaru size, da irin da version na OS a kan abin da drive ne, yafi amfani.

Fayil tsarin for Mac

Wani rare hardware da software dandamali a duniya na fasahar kwamfuta - Macintosh daga Apple. PC wannan layin suke gudana cikin Mac OS tsarin aiki. Mene ne fasali na kungiyar yin aiki tare da fayiloli a wani Mac? A mafi zamani inji mai kwakwalwa amfani da Apple fayil tsarin Mac OS Fadada. Tun da farko Mac kwakwalwa aiki tare data gudanar daidai da HFS misali.

Babban abu da za a iya gani a cikin bangare na da halaye: da Disc, wanda ba a kula da fayil tsarin ne Mac OS Fadada, da fayiloli za a iya sanya manya-manyan - ba za mu iya magana game da dama miliyan terabytes.

Fayil tsarin a Android-na'urorin

Mafi mashahuri tsarin aiki na na'urorin hannu - kamar yadda lantarki injiniya, ba na baya zuwa shahararsa na PC - shi ne Android. Ta yaya ne management na fayiloli a kan wani na'urar da dace da irin? Mun fara lura da cewa tsarin aiki - a zahiri "mobile" karbuwa daga cikin Linux aiki tsarin, wanda, godiya ga bude software code za a iya modified tare da view don amfani a cikin widest kewayon na'urorin. Saboda haka, fayil management a mobile na'urorin yanã gudãna Android ne da za'ayi a general a kan wannan akida, kamar yadda a cikin Linux. Wasu daga cikin su mun muka gani a sama. A musamman, fayiloli a Linux management ne da za'ayi ba tare da rarraba da kafofin watsa labarai a cikin ma'ana tafiyarwa, kamar yadda yake a Windows. Menene ban sha'awa shi ne fayil tsarin Android?

Tushen directory a Android, kamar yadda mai mulkin, shi ne yankin na bayanai, koma ga / mnt. Haka kuma, da adireshin da fayil zai yi kama da wannan: /mnt/sd/photo.jpg. Bugu da kari, akwai wani alama na wani data gudanar da tsarin da aka aiwatar a cikin mobile OS. Gaskiyar cewa flash memory devaysa yawanci kasu dama sassan, kamar, misali, System, ko Data. A lokaci guda, asali ba da size kowane daga cikinsu ba za a iya canja. M misalin game da wannan al'amari na tsari za a iya samu, suna kuma tuna cewa za ka iya ba (sai ka yi amfani da musamman software) zuwa mayar da girman da ma'ana tafiyarwa a Windows. Yana dole ne a gyarawa.

Wani mai ban sha'awa siffa daga cikin kungiyar na aikin da fayiloli a Android - dace tsarin aiki yawanci rubuta sabon bayanai zuwa wani yanki na Disc - Data. Ayuba, ga misali, wani System sashe ba za'ayi. Saboda haka, a lokacin da mai amfani da activates da software sake saiti aiki na smartphone ko kwamfutar hannu zuwa wani "factory", a yi, wannan yana nufin cewa fayiloli da aka rubuta a cikin Data yanki, kawai share. Sashen System, kamar yadda mai mulkin, ya zauna canzawa. Haka kuma, wani gyara daga cikin abun ciki daga System mai amfani, ba tare da ciwon musamman software, ba zai iya motsa jiki. A hanya hade da tsarin yanki na matsakaici a Android-update inji, kira reinsertion. Wannan ba wani format, amma duka biyu ayyukan sukan za'ayi lokaci guda. Yawanci, walƙiya da aka amfani da su shigar a kan salula na'urar da sabon version na Android OS.

Saboda haka, key ka'idojin kan wanda gudanar Android fayil tsarin - da rashin ma'ana tafiyarwa, kazalika da m bambantawa na samun tsarin da kuma bayanan mai amfani. Ba za mu iya ce cewa wannan dabarar, ta sha bamban daga wannan aiwatar a Windows, amma, kamar yadda da yawa IT-masana, tsarin aiki daga Microsoft ga masu amfani akwai da ɗan mafi girma da 'yanci a tafiyad da fayiloli. Duk da haka, kamar yadda wasu masana, wannan ba za a dauke unambiguous amfani Windows. "Liberal" tsarin mulki a cikin fayil management al'amari unsa, ba shakka, ba kawai masu amfani, amma kuma kwamfuta ƙwayoyin cuta, to wanda Windows ne sosai m (as tsayayya da su Linux da kuma ta "mobile" aiwatar da Android). Wannan, masana sun ce, yana daya daga cikin dalilan da ƙwayoyin cuta for Android-na'urorin don haka kadan - zalla daga wani fasaha ra'ayi, ba za su iya cikakken aiki a cikin aiki yanayi, aiki a kan manufa da tsananin iko da damar yin amfani da fayiloli.