Kada mu zama a cikin wata rumfa duniya?

Mutane a yau ne don haka kara bunkasa a high fasaha da kuma rumfa gaskiya cewa ya bayyana da farko zato (ba daga talakawa mutumin a titi, kuma daga san kimiyyar lissafi da kuma cosmology) cewa mu duniya - shi ne ba a zahiri, amma kawai wani gigantic kwaikwaiyo na gaskiya. Kamata mu yi tunani game da shi tsanani, ko shi wajibi ne ya dauki irin wa annan alkawura a matsayin wani almarar kimiyya movie mãkirci?

Kana da real daya? Me game da ni?

Da zarar shi ya kasance wani zalla falsafa tambayoyi na shirin. Masana kimiyya suna kawai kokarin gano yadda duniya aiki. Amma yanzu bukatun da bincike zukatan sun tafi a cikin wani jirgin sama. A yawan lissafin kimiyya, cosmologists fasaha wãsã kaina tare da tunanin cewa muna duk suna zaune a cikin wata katuwar kwamfuta model, kasancewa ba fiye da wani ɓangare na matrix. Sai dai itace cewa mu zama a cikin wata rumfa duniya, wanda aka karyata dauke gaskiya.

Our gabbai, ba shakka, an tawaye. Duk wannan shi ne ma real zama Sham. The nauyi na kofin a hannuna, da ƙanshi kofi, sauti kewaye da ni - yadda za a ƙirƙira irin wannan arziki na kwarewa?

Amma a lokaci guda akwai wani matsanancin ci gaba a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta da bayanai da fasaha a cikin past 'yan shekarun da suka gabata. Computers ba mu wasan da allahntaka hakikanci, tare da m haruffa suka amsa wa da mu ayyuka. Kuma mun jahilce nutsa cikin rumfa gaskiya - a irin na'urar kwaikwayo da iko mai girma da lallashewa.

Wannan isa ya sa mutum ya paranoid.

A rayuwa - kamar a cikin fina-finai

A ra'ayin na rumfa duniya kamar yadda wani mutum mazauninsu da unprecedented tsabta ba mu Hollywood blockbuster "The Matrix." A wannan labarin, mutane suna kulle a cikin wani mai rumfa duniya domin su gan shi a matsayin gaskiya. Sci-fi ban tsoro - da begen makale a cikin sararin samaniya, haife a zukatanmu - za a iya gano a mayar da m, misali, a cikin fim "Videodrome" by David Cronenberg (1983) da kuma "Brazil" Terri Gilliama (1985).

Duk wadannan dystopian haifar da wani yawan tambayoyi: abin da yake na gaskiya, da kuma cewa - fiction? Kada mu zama a cikin wata dãɗin rũɗi kawai ko da ruɗi - da mai rumfa samaniya, ra'ayin da aka aza ta paranoid kimiyya?

A cikin watan Yuni 2016 ne wani dan kasuwa a filin daga high-tech Elon Musk ce cewa chances na - "wani biliyan-to-daya" da mu, da suke zaune a cikin "tamkar gaskiya".

Ya aka bi da wani wucin gadi m guru Rey Kurtsveyl da shawarar cewa "watakila mu gaba dayan duniya - shi ne mai kimiyya gwaji na matasa makaranta daga wani talikai."

Af, wasu kimiyyar lissafi ne son la'akari da irin wannan yiwuwar. A watan Afrilu 2016 da batun da aka tattauna a American Museum of Natural History a New York.

Evidence?

Mabiya ra'ayin wani mai rumfa duniya kai a kalla biyu muhawara a cikin ni'imar da cewa ba za mu iya rayuwa a cikin real duniya. Saboda haka, cosmologist Alan Guth da shawara cewa mu duniya za ta zama real, amma yana da wani abu na da wani dakin gwaje-gwaje gwaje. A ra'ayin shi ne cewa an halicce ta da wasu irin superintelligence, kama da yadda masana kimiyyar girma mazauna na kwayoyin.

A ka'ida, babu wani abu da ta haramta ajiye} yiwuwar "yi" talikai da taimako na wucin gadi Big Bang - ya ce Guth. A lokacin da wannan shi ne duniyar da sabon haife, aka ba hallaka. Just halitta sabon "kumfa" na sarari-lokaci cewa shi yiwuwa a tsunkule kashe daga uwar na duniya da kuma rasa lamba tare da shi. Wannan labari zai iya samun wasu iri-iri. Alal misali, duniya ma an haife shi ne a wasu m na tube.

Duk da haka, akwai wani labari da zai iya negate duk mu Ganin cewa a na gaskiya.

Ya kunshi a gaskiyar cewa mu - ana cikakken kera. Za mu iya zama kõme ba fiye da kirtani na bayanai abar kulawa da wata katuwar kwamfuta shirin kamar yadda haruffa a wani video game. Ko da mu kwakwalwa simulates da reacts canzawa azanci bayanai.

Daga wannan ra'ayi, akwai wani matrix "escapism". Yana - inda muke rayuwa, kuma wannan shi ne mu kawai damar "rayuwa" a duk.

Amma me ya sa ĩmãni da irin wannan yiwuwar?

A hujjarsu sauki: mun yi simulations. Mun gudanar da wani kwamfuta kwaikwaiyo ba kawai a wasanni amma kuma a gudanar da bincike. Masana kimiyya suna kokarin canzawa al'amurran duniya a bangarori daban-daban - daga subatomic to dukkan al'ummu ko taurari.

Alal misali, kwamfuta tallan kayan kawa dabbobi iya gaya yadda suka ci gaba, abin da hali. Sauran simulations taimake mu mu fahimci yadda za a samar da taurari, da taurari da kuma taurari.

Mun kuma iya canzawa mutum al'umma ta amfani da mun gwada sauki "jamiái" cewa yin zabi bisa ga wasu sharudda. Wannan ya ba mu wani fahimtar yadda hadin gwiwa tsakanin mutane da kamfanonin, kamar birnin tasowa aiki dokokin hanya, da kuma tattalin arziki, da kuma more.

Wadannan model an ƙara zama hadaddun. Wa zai iya cewa ba za mu iya haifar da mai rumfa halittun wanda nuna alamun sani? Ci gaba a cikin fahimtar kwakwalwa take aiki, kuma m jimla lissafin sa wannan mai yiwuwa mafi kusantar.

Idan muka taba isa cewa matakin, wata babbar lamba na model za ta yi aiki domin mu. Za su zama da yawa fiye da mazaunan "real" duniya kewaye da mu.

Kuma me ya sa ba zai iya ɗauka cewa wasu sauran hankali a duniya ya riga ya kai wannan batu?

A ra'ayin na multiverse

Babu wanda ya musanta wanzuwar mahara kaunun, kafa a cikin wannan hanya da Big Bang. Duk da haka, a layi daya kaunun - wannan shi ne quite tabbas ra'ayin, wanda ya nuna cewa mu sararin samaniya - dai kawai wani tsari wanda sigogi da aka mai ladabi ba ban sha'awa sakamakon, kamar taurari, taurari da kuma mutane.

Saboda haka muka samu da zuciya daga cikin al'amarin. Idan gaskiya - shi ke nan kawai bayani, sa'an nan ba za mu iya zama "real" bayanai - cewa shi ne duk za mu iya zama. Kuma akwai bambanci, kamar yadda wadannan bayanan an riga an kaddara ta yanayi ko superumnym mahalicci? A fili, a wani hali, mu mawallafa suna, bisa manufa, to baki a cikin kwaikwaiyo sakamakon, ko ma "turn off" tsari. Yaya ya kamata mu ji game da shi?

Kuma duk da haka, baya ga gaskiya

Hakika, mun kyawawan wargi cosmologist Kurzweil game da m saurayi daga wani samaniya, wanda ya kaddara mu duniya. Kuma mafi yawan mabiya da ra'ayin mai rumfa gaskiya kahu a kan gaskiyar cewa yanzu 21st karni, muna yin kwamfuta wasanni, da kuma ba da cewa wani ya aikata supersuschestv.

Babu shakka cewa da yawa daga cikin proponents na "duniya tallan kayan kawa" - m magoya na almarar kimiyya fina-finan. Amma mu sani zurfi sauka cewa manufar gaskiya - wannan shi ne abin da muka kasance, da kuma ba da wasu tamkar duniya.

Tsohon kamar yadda tuddai

Yau - da shekaru m fasaha. Duk da haka, a kan al'amurran da suka shafi na gaskiya da kuma unreality masana falsafa suka yi jihãdi da ƙarni.

Plato mamaki: abin da idan abin da muka gane a matsayin gaskiya, kawai inuwa kimanta a kan garu daga kogon? Immanuel Kant jãyayya da cewa duniya a kusa da zai iya zama wasu "abu a kanta", wanda shi ne tushen mu perceptual bayyanuwa. Rene Dekart ya shahara jumlar "Ina tsammani, saboda haka zan zama" ya nuna cewa da ikon tunani - shi ne kawai muhimmanci rarrabẽwa ga wanzuwar cewa za mu iya shaida.

A ra'ayi na "abunda aka kwaikwaya duniya" daukan wannan tsoho falsafa ra'ayin matsayin akai. Babu wata cũta a cikin latest hanyoyin fasaha da kuma shiriritar. Kamar mutane da yawa na falsafa wasanin gwada ilimi, sun karfafa mu mu sake mu zato kuma son zuciya.Magana.

Amma ya zuwa yanzu babu wanda zai iya tabbatar da cewa muna da zama kawai kusan, babu sabon ideas ba mu canja ra'ayi na gaskiya zuwa babban har.

A farkon 1700s, da Falsafa Dzhordzh Berkli jãyayya da cewa duniya - dai kawai wani mafarki. A mayar da martani, cikin harshen Turanci marubuci Semyuel Dzhonson ce, "I shanyewa shi wannan hanya!" - da kuma harba wani dutse.