Elizabeth 1 Tudor: bidiyon bayanai, tsarin gida da na kasashen waje. Halaye na Elizabeth 1 Tudor a matsayin dan siyasa. Wanene ya yi mulki bayan Elizabeth 1 Tudor?

1 Elizabeth Tudor (shekaru na rayuwa - 1533-1603) - Sarauniyar Ingila, wanda ayyukan taimakawa ga samuwar siffar na Golden Age. Ya aka yi ĩmãni ya buga shi a kan ta jirgin. Cikin gida da kuma waje Politika Elizavety Tudor 1 sosai arziki da kuma ban sha'awa. A wannan labarin, za mu yi magana game da ita zamanin mulkin, zai gabatar ta biography. Ka sani, abin da ya Tudor Elizabeth 1 a matsayin siyasa. Bugu da kari, za mu ce 'yan kalmomi game da wanda yake mallakar bayan shi.

Origin Elizabeth

A nan gaba sarauniya aka haife shi a Greenwich Palace, dake Birnin London a yau. Wannan shi ne wani muhimmin taron ga kasar da aka 7 Satumba 1533. Mahaifinsa Henry Sabunta na Elizabeth, King of England, da kuma uwa - Anne Boleyn. Wannan mace mai bawa na girmamawa kafin na farko matar Henry. Domin ya aure ta, ya sake matarsa, Ekaterinoy Aragonskoy, wanda bai iya ba shi makadaici, kuma ya fito daga ƙarƙashin ikon da shugaban Kirista. A 1534 Henry Sabunta ayyana kansa shugaban na Turanci coci. Anne Boleyn (hoton da ke ƙasa hotuna na ta da Henry) a cikin May 1536 an kashe su, zargin da ta zina. Amma hakikanin laifi da mace shi ne, ita ba zai iya bayar da ta haifi ɗa, Henry, magaji a kan karaga.

Fate Elizabeth a zamanin mulkin Edward VI

Elizabeth a cikin lokaci tsakanin mutuwar mahaifinsa, wanda ya faru a 1547, kuma nasa Accession a kan karaga ya tafi, ta hanyar da fitina, wanda, ba shakka, nuna a ta hali. A zamanin mulkin Edward VI na, da rabin ɗan'uwansu, wanda ya yi mulki daga 1547 har zuwa 1553, nan gaba Queen ya kasance saninsa ba da hannu a cikin wani ƙulli, ya Ubangiji Admiral Thomas Seymour. Kishi na Eduardu Seymuru, ɗan'uwansa, wanda a lokacin da 'yan tsirarun da Edward VI ya da masõyi daga mulki, Thomas yi gangan sau da yawa. Wadannan ayyuka ya kai ga imani da cewa yana da tsare-tsaren ga wani juyin mulki. Shirin Thomas aure Elizabeth zama saman recklessness. Ango kasa a watan Janairu 1549 da aka dauka a cikin tsare.

A zamanin mulkin Mary Na kuma Elizabeth ta rabo

A zamanin mulkin Mary Na Tudor, watau lokacin daga 1553 har zuwa 1558, Elizabeth sun rataye a kan wani babban hatsari. Mary zo rabin 'yar'uwar nan gaba sarauniya. Lokacin da Henry saki Catherine, mahaifiyarta, ta ya riga a isa adult gane kunya hade da shi. Maria zama masu tsattsauran ra'ayi Katolika, yi proispanskih juyayi da kuma takaici a 'yar Anny Boleyn.

Bayan hawa kan karaga, Maria buga wani bikin aure wa Filibus, wanda shi ne magaji zuwa Spanish kursiyin. Wannan ya ba Yunƙurin zuwa babban adadin mãkirci. A mafi muhimmanci daga cikinsu za a iya gani a matsayin wani taron a watan Janairu 1554 Thomas Wyatt ta fitina. Ko da yake Elizabeth a fili murabus Katolika addini, sake gabatar a jihar, 'yan Protestants, ba ta gushe ba a sanya su fatan tare da ita. Saboda wannan, da sosai zama wani barazana ga Elizabeth Mary (ta hoto ne da aka nuna a kasa).

A nan gaba sarauniya bayan wannan yunkuri Wyatt aka kama shi kuma sai a sanya a cikin Tower. Akwai ta da suke ciyarwa 2 months. Elizabeth sa'an nan a shekara ta kasance a karkashin kulawar kusa a Woodstock, dake kusa Oxford.

Shigarwa zuwa kursiyin. Tambayar da coci tsarin

1 Tudor Elizabeth zo a kan karaga, 17 Nuwamba 1558. A taron na majalisar, da aka gudanar a watan Janairu shekara ta gaba, da tambaya da aka tashe game da coci tsarin. The Queen ya shirye su ware daga papacy na Roma da kuma Church of England, amma a wasu madaidaci da aka je aiki a cikin wani ra'ayin mazan jiya ruhu, da tsananin kulawa. The House of Commons yi magana game da bukatar da wani m, kuma ya gyara aikinsa, uncompromising. Elizabeth fi son episcopal coci kungiyar da kuma sabis, soma da ake kira high-coci. A karshen, a yi jayayya da aka kai, da ake kira via kafofin watsa labarai, wadda fassara daga Latin yana nufin "tsakiyar hanya." Elizabeth sake fasalin gano fasali na Church of England, wanda an kiyaye su zuwa ranar. Duk da haka, da suka ba Yunƙurin zuwa rashin biyan bukata da Furotesta, kuma Katolika.

Tambayar da mayẽwa

Majalisar, kazalika da jami'an gwamnati sun damu game da makomar Protestantism a kasar. Gaskiyar cewa Sarauniya Elizabeth 1 Tudor ne na karshe daga cikin Tudor daular. Kamar yadda siyasa sharudda da zabi da ya kai ga cewa shi ya kasance har sai da ya rasu budurwa. Furotesta ba su so su ba da damar a Katolika a kan karaga. Amma Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, wanda suna da hakkin su da kambi na Ingila, kawai Katolika. A gaskiya ma, Elizabeth ya kadai. Yana yanke shawarar jinkirta da tambaya na maye. Yana tabbatar da correctness na dogon-tsaye sarautar (kusan shekaru 45). Duk da haka, da taurinkan da Sarauniya karo na farko ya kai ga fushi a kan wani ɓangare na majalisar, kuma a gefe mafi kusa shawara. Wannan shi ne musamman halayyar 1566.

Relations na Ingila tare da Scotland

Don da fore a wannan lokacin daga Ingila dangantakar da Scotland, inda a 1559 da hanzari ikirarin kanta canji. Yana gudanar da wani yunkuri da Faransa regent, Marii Kamfanin GIZ, wanda ya yi mulki a cikin sunan Mary Stuart, 'yarsa. Mariya Kamfanin GIZ, shi ne a wancan lokaci a matsayin mai mulkin Scotland da kuma matar Sarkin Faransa. Don 'yan tawaye sun iya hambarar da Faransa daga kasar, shi ya ɗauki baki na Elizabeth. A 1562 kuma na dogon lokaci bayan da Sarauniya ta shãmakace a ciki siyasa na kasar Faransa. Ta goyon tawaye Protestant (Huguenot) jam'iyyar. Wani lokaci daga baya, Elizabeth kuma goyan bayan da 'yan Protestants, a cikin Netherlands, wanda ya yi magana da sarki na Spain Philip II.

A dangantaka da Mary Stuart

A 1561, ya mutu François II, Mary ta miji Stuart. Bayan wannan Mary koma zuwa ga mahaifarsa. Yana fara a mutunta mutane da yawa rigima da hadaddun tarihi na dangantaka da ta Elizabeth. Ba kamar da karshen, Maria ya ba wani dattaku. Ta aka hambarar bayan kisan gillar Genriha Styuarta, matarsa ta biyu. Mary yana kurkuku, amma ta gudanar ya tsere. Ta rasa ga abokan adawar da suka doke ta da rundunoninsa, sa'an nan ya ƙare har a Ingila, tsallaka kan iyaka.

Da aka gudanar a watan Mayu 1568 zuwa na Stuart Ingila halitta wasu matsaloli ga heroine wannan labarin. 1 Elizabeth Tudor matsayin dan siyasa da ke cikin wani mawuyacin hali. The gwamnatin dauke Mary matsayin wani fursuna, don haka sai ta fara jawo hankalin 'yan adawa. A Ingila, nan da nan ya fara distemper, daya daga cikin dalilan da ya aka hade da gaban Stuart. A 'yan tawayen a karshen 1569 tawaye a arewa. A watan Fabrairu 1570 akwai wani papal sa, a lokacin da 1 Elizabeth Tudor aka ayyana cancanta, da kuma 'yan kasarta da aka saki daga rantsuwar da Sarauniya. Katolika aka tilasta gudu waje. Suna dogara ne a kan nahiyar seminary samu inda samuwar kuma kawo Katolika boys sa'an nan ya aiko kamar yadda mishaneri a Ingila. Dalilin da papacy ya zuwa depose Elizabeth da taimakon Faransa ƙungiya daga sunan da wadanda hukumomi na Spain. A kan gadon sarautar da aka shirya ya kafa Mary Stuart.

Majalisar da kuma Sarauniya ta ministocin fara bukaci tsananin dokokin da Katolika, musamman mishaneri. Dan haka ya ƙulla wa Elizabeth aka gano a 1572. Yana da aka shafa da kuma Mary Stuart. Bayan wannan hadin kai da ministoci da 'yan majalisa nema su la'anta Maryamu a cin amanar kasa. Duk da haka, Elizabeth yanke shawarar sa baki, don haka da tofin ya faru ba. Lokacin da ya wuce wani ƙuduri hana Stewart dama ga kursiyin Ingila, Elizabeth lazimta masa kujerar naƙi.

A darajõji daga firistoci daga cikin hauza daga 1580 ya fara karfafa Jesuits. Spain a wannan shekara ya annexed Portugal. Na dogon lokaci, Elizabeth taimaka tawaye na Netherlands da Spain. Wannan, kazalika da aikata ta Birtaniya hare-hare a kan Spanish mazauna kai ga rikici.

William da Silent Kisa. yarjejeniya Association

Jim kadan bayan da mãkirci aka gano Throckmorton, a 1584, da ya zama sananne cewa a cikin Netherlands, aka kashe William da Silent, wanda yake Katolika. Turanci Furotesta a kafa da ake kira yarjejeniyar Association. Ya manufa shi ne kisan kiyashin da M. Stewart a cikin al'amarin zai zama wani yunkuri a kan su sarauniya.

Support na Dutch tawaye. A kisa Marii Styuart

Mutuwar William da Silent ya kai ga gaskiya cewa Dutch tawaye rasa ta shugaban. Wannan tilasta Dutch Sarauniya Elizabeth aika da taimakon Birtaniya sojojin, umarta ta da Graf Lester. Haka ya faru a cikin kaka na 1585. Wannan sigar bude baki ya tantamar zuwa furucin da yaki.

A waje Politika Elizavety Tudor 1 ba ya dace kowa da kowa. Babington hadin kai da aka gano a cikin 1586. Ya burin da aka kashe Sarauniya Elizabeth da kuma zamanin Maryamu. A karshen dauki bangare a shi. Ta sa a kan shari'a. Bisa ga ƙuduri soma da majalisar a 1584-1585 shekaru, ta yanke masa hukumcin kisa. A cikin kaka na 1586 ya faru a kan babban taron duniya na majalisar dokokin kasar. Ya aka akai-akai maimaita sunyi baki daya bukata ba bar zabi zuwa Elizabeth. Maryamu su kashe Fabrairu 8, 1587.

The Spanish Armada

Mutuwar Mary aiki a matsayin wani impetus ga abin da ake kira Katolika sha'anin da England. Summer Spanish Armada a 1588 zo a cikin teku domin su karya da Turanci jiragen ruwa da kuma rufe saukowa a kan tekun na wannan kasa da Spanish Army. Fiye da 8 hours hukunci yaƙi dade. Iya karawa Armada a sakamakon shi da aka buga. Yana da aka watsar da su, a kan hanyar zuwa Spain saboda hadari, sha wahala nauyi asarar.

Action da Spain

The yaki tsakanin Ingila da Spain da aka yi ba ta ayyana shi ne, duk da haka, bude rikici tsakanin jihohin na ci gaba. Henry III na, Sarkin Faransa, da aka kashe a 1589. Bayan da cewa Elizabeth aka jã su a cikin wani adawa a kan wani sabon gaban. The Katolika League na Faransa, da goyan bayan Spain, sun yi tsayayya da zamanin Henry IV of, da rightful magaji. Shi ne shugaban jam'iyyar na Huguenots. Koroleva Elizaveta taimake Henry yãƙi.

Wannan, a takaice dai kasashen waje da manufofin 1 Elizabeth Tudor. Tebur, ba shakka, zai yi taimaka mana wajen samar da bayanai more concisely. Duk da haka, da Queen ne don haka ban sha'awa ayyuka da cewa ba sa so su juya zuwa wannan hanya na gabatar da bayanai. Mun yi imani da cewa a cikin wannan hanya dole ne a fada da ciki Politika Elizavety Tudor 1. Tebur a nan ma za a shirin bai dace. Wani abu game da ciki siyasa na Sarauniya, mun riga gaya. Very m dangantaka da ta ministoci da majalisarsa. Mun bayar da ku don samun saba da su.

Ministocin da majalisarsa na Elizabeth

Sarauniya nuna babban biyayya ga ayarinsa, wanda, watakila, bai nuna wani monarch. 1 Elizabeth Tudor, wanda biography ne wasiya ga ta m hali, kai-tsince duk ma'aikatansa. Uilyam Sesil shi ne na farko dan takarar. Elizabeth dogara da shi fiye da kowa. A dama sauran mashawarci Sarauniya su ne: Walter Mayldmey, Frensis Uolsingem, ɗan William - Robert Cecil, da kuma Thomas Smith. Wadannan sun kasance mãsu m ministoci. Duk da wannan, Elizabeth ko da yaushe aka da lady kuma farka. Wannan shi ne wani muhimmin al'amari ga waɗanda suka yi sha'awar a cikin halaye na 1 Elizabeth Tudor.

Sarauniyar da kuma ministoci da majalisarsa. Mafi shahararren Figures: Christopher Hatton, Graf Lester, da kuma Robert Devereux, Earl na Essex. Elizabeth kiyaye da ɗan can wuri mai nĩsa Francis Bacon da Walter Rayleigh, domin ba su amince da mutum halaye, amma yana da wani babban ra'ayi suke iyawa.

Relationship tare da Elizabeth Earl na Essex

Burley, wanda ya rayu har 1598, ya so ya isar da tasiri da kuma matsayi na Robert Cecil, autansa. Ya sosai m, amma yana da wani nakasar da. Earl na Essex, matasa aristocrat (ya hoto ne da aka ba a sama), ya yi magana fitar da shi. A kama na Cadiz, wanda ya faru a 1596, ya sanã'anta a flattering kima da ɗaukaka mai yawa. Duk da haka, a lokacin da ya daina za a iyakance zuwa soja burinsu, Bugu da kari na da wata manufa, dole ne ya tafiyar da fama da Cecilia.

Elizabeth sanya wani fi so daga Essex, wani mutum mai girma fara'a. Ta ganin darajarsa halayensa. Duk da haka, da sarauniya ba haka fascinated da Essex, don tallafa wa shi a cikin hatsari siyasa fitattu. Ta gangan ciyar a sama Roberta Sesila, a lokaci guda counteracting Essex a da niyyar kawo zuwa ga mafi girman matsayi na 'yan takara. Irin wannan shi ne Politika Elizavety Tudor 1 a game da wannan mutumin.

A lambar sirri rikicin bi tsakanin Elizabeth da ta fi so. Da zarar Sarauniyar kama shi da kunne, kamar yadda ya kume cikin fushi ya juya baya to ta, don ya bar (a wani version, da na ba shi wani mara a fuskar). A barazana dauki up takobinsa, kuma suka ce, cewa ba zai jure wannan alfahari daga kowa cewa shi ya kasance wani batu, ba bawa.

1599 ya culmination na tarihi da Essex. Sa'an nan Elizabeth umurci fi so kashe da fara tunzurin a Ireland Tyrone. Bayan samun dukan zama dole albarkatun daga gwamnati, ya ba su yi biyayya da umarnin daga London. Essex a yi ayyuka kasa da kuma sanya a tsagaita wuta tare da 'yan tawaye. Sa'an nan, kuma suna kashe Annabãwa bã da umarni, ya koma Ingila. Essex a fili canza yanzu gwamnati a watan Fabrairu 1601. Ya yi kokari ya dauke dukan na London da Sarauniya. Essex aka sa a kan gwaji, sa'an nan kuma kashe su a ranar Fabrairu 25, 1601.

Da yaki da puritanism

Domestic Politika Elizavety Tudor 1 ne halin da cewa da Sarauniya ta nuna haqurin da Puritanism. Ta nada a 1583 da Archbishop na Canterbury, su ba babban abokin hamayyarsa - John Vitgifta. Duk da haka, 'yan adawa ba ya so ya daina. Wasu mambobin na limaman yanke shawarar juya zuwa Presbyterianism. Yana da aka zarar halitta mai motsi wanda burin da aka halakar da episcopate. Ha] e sarrafa ta amfani da tasiri a cikin House of Commons da sauran siyasa levers. Elizabeth hart a fafitikar da House of Commons. Har ƙarnin ta sarautar Queen wannan jam'iyya tausaya kusan na musamman ha] e. A cikin rikici tare da Elizabeth kullum 'yan majalisar dokokin shiga. Kuma suka rabu da shi, a cikin ra'ayi ba kawai a kan batun na kwaskwarima na Church of England, amma kuma a wasu: da maye na bukatar aure, tafiyad da M. Stewart.

Taƙaitaccen bayanin sarautar Elizabeth

Tudor sarautar Elizabeth 1 kasance daya daga cikin mafi dynamic lokaci a cikin tarihi na Ingila. Daga farkon, Furotesta yi imani da cewa Sarauniya ya kiyaye Providence. Ta yi magance girma ciki da waje barazanar, da kuma mutanen da ta soyayya ga ta da aka kara, kuma ya juya a cikin wani daba a kan lokaci. Cikin gida da kuma waje Politika Elizavety Tudor 1 da aka tattauna na dogon lokaci ta bayan mutuwarta. Kuma a cikin wadannan kwanaki ba abate sha'awa a cikin m. Feature 1 Elizabeth Tudor matsayin siyasa adadi arouses son sani, ba kawai daga masana tarihi amma kuma tsakanin mutane da yawa a duniya.

Elizabeth ta mutuwa

Koroleva Elizaveta mutu a Richmond Palace, located in wani zamani London. Ta rasu a kan Maris 24, 1603. Mafi m, a karshe lokacin Elizabeth mai suna ko ishãra zuwa wanda zai gaje shi. Suka zama James VI, King of Scotland (Yakubu na Ingila). Wannan abin da sharudda bayan 1 Elizabeth Tudor.

James na

Shekaru ransa - 1566-1625. Yakov 1 Turanci ya zama na farko Sarkin Ingila, wakiltar Stuart daular. Ya zo a kan karaga, Maris 24, 1603 James zama na farko da sarki, wanda ya yi mulki biyu mulkokin located in Birtaniya Tsibirin, a lokaci guda. Kamar yadda guda iko, da United Kingdom a lokacin bai wanzu ba. Scotland da Ingila sun sarki jihohi, wanda aka karkashin jagorancin wani monarch. A labarin da yake mulkin bayan 1 Elizabeth Tudor, Shĩ bai zama ba ban sha'awa fiye da tsawon zamanin Elizabeth. Amma shi ke wani labari.