Kuma ka san abin da kwayoyin halittu?

Tambayar da abin da kwayoyin halittu suke da matukar ban sha'awa. A daya hannun, kowa ya san cewa kwayoyin bayanai da aka wuce daga iyaye zuwa yaron, amma kai ajiya inji wannan bayani ne m ga mafi yawan mutane. Kwayoyin halaye da talikai, kuma suka ƙayyade duk asali data a jiki: ta bayyanar, na ga wani musamman irin, tsarin fasali, da kuma more.

Mutane da yawa tuna daga makaranta ilmin halitta Hakika, wannan bayanai da aka adana a cikin DNA - daya daga cikin asali nucleic acid. Wannan jerin deoxyribonucleic acid kayyade ainihi na wata dabba ko mutum cikin sharuddan Physiology. Amma yadda za a ba da labari zuwa "DNA" da kuma manufar "gene"? Bari mu ga a cikin wadannan sharuddan.

Menene genes da DNA?

A tsarin da deoxyribonucleic acid alama wasu yankunan da suke da alhakin kasancewar wasu bayanai daga mai shi. Yana da wadannan sassa na sarkar ne genes. Sun dauke da bayani game da furotin da kuma gina jiki - shi ne Organic gini abu. All aka gyara na deoxyribonucleic acid kunshe ne a cikin kowane cell na jiki, yin genome na halitta mai rai. Wani sashi na wannan bayanai da aka ruwaito daga mahaifinsa, da sauran - da aka gada daga uwar.

Tare da ikon decipher da kwayoyin bayanai a yau za a iya sosai daidai kafa dangantakar, kamar ubanci. A gaskiya ma, cikin tambaya na abin da kwayoyin halittu ne hadaddun isa ya amsa da shi a cikin wani dunƙule. Amma metaphors harshe iya rage wuya da bayani. Mun wakiltar sarkar DNA daga cikin wani nau'i na littafin game da wani rai ba, sa'an nan da kwayoyin halittu zai zama mutum kalmomi a kan shafukan ta wannan ɗaba'ar. Kowace daga cikin kalmomi kunshi kawai 4 haruffa, amma ba za su iya ƙara har Unlimited yawan phrases. Wato, da gene ne wani canzawar hudu sinadaran mahadi. Wadannan sune ake kira nucleobases adenine, saitosin, Bibyun da kuma taimain. A kadan metamorphosis a cikin kwayoyin code, tare da canji daga daya sinadaran fili zuwa wani, take kaiwa zuwa wani canji a cikin "da kalmar" hankali a matsayin dukan. Kuma kamar yadda muka sani, kowane gene ne ke da alhakin tsarin da gina jiki. Sauran bayanai a shi - a daban-daban da furotin da tsarin - da sabon fasali da kwayoyin. Amma irin wannan alternations ne zai yiwu ne kawai idan da canja wurin da kwayoyin bayanai, don haka 'yan'uwa na wannan iyaye ne daban-daban daga juna, ko da sun kasance m tagwaye. Amma da bayanai saka a cikin genome, ya zauna canzawa daga haifuwa zuwa mutuwa.

tsufa gene

Rayuwa da kuma tsarin ba da shekaru da alaka da canje-canje da suka faru a ga mutum mai zaman kanta da kwayoyin bayanai. yanki na code, wanda zai zama alhakin musamman domin tsufa, ba a samu, amma masu bincike sun ce abu ne mai wuya cewa irin wannan bayanai da aka adana a cikin DNA a wuri guda. Tsufa - wani hadadden tsari da ke shafar duk jiki da tsarin, don haka "da manyan malaman kimiyya" har yanzu yana da wani dogon bincike a cikin wannan shugabanci.

Ban sha'awa, amma quite m ra'ayi na gadar hali da aka gabatar a cikin littafin da aka buga a shekarar 1976. Ta rubuta English ethologist K.R.Dokinz. "The m Gene" - wani kimiyya aiki a wadda theorizes cewa da tuki da karfi na juyin halitta ne so don kara da adaptability na jinsi. A selection faruwa a kayyade matakin, da kuma ba a matakin alƙarya da kuma takamaiman mutane. Kullum, wani iyakarsa amsar wannan tambaya: "Mene ne genes", yayin da a fili ba. Mafi m, da ra'ayin wadannan sassan na DNA tare da bunkasar kimiyya za a updated tare da sabon data da kuma tsanani modified.