Dzhuliya Chayld: A Biography, fina-finai da kuma lambobin yabo

Dzhulii Chayld kitchen ne har yanzu rare da yawa matan aure a duniya. Wannan mace ne ya dafuwa art rinjayi ba kawai al'ummar {asar Amirka, amma kuma a wasu ƙasashe.

farkon shekaru

The rare TV shugaba da kuma mawallafin - Dzhuliya Chayld, haife Julia McWilliams - An haife Agusta 15, 1912 in Pasadena, a Arewacin Amirka jihar California. Ta shine babba na uku yara. Julia da aka sani da dama sunayen laƙabi, kamar Juke, Juju da Jukies. Mahaifinta, John McWilliams, Jr., shi ne mai digiri na biyu na Princeton da kuma aiki a matsayin jari dukiya a California. Matarsa, Julia Kerolin Veston, ya zama magājin ga takarda niƙa. Mahaifinta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin gwamnan Massachusetts.

Julia ta iyali ya tara wani babba stock daga dũkiya, kuma a sakamakon, da yaro ya rayu a yalwace, kuma za a iya ce ga sun yi wurinsu kyakkyawan zarafi yara. Dzhuliya Chayld, wani littafin game da dafa a cikin wording wanda yau, iyalinsu dadin amfani, aka ilimi a Elite makaranta ga 'yan mata Ketrin Brenson zuwa San Francisco. Its girma a lokacin da aka 6 ƙafa 2 inci, don haka shi ne da tallest dalibi a cikin aji. Ta kasance mai with wanda, a cewar ta abokai, zai iya sa da gaske daji barkwanci. Julia ya kuma buxe, kuma 'yan wasa, tare da musamman basira domin wasa golf, tanis, ya ƙaunace yi farauta.

Jobs at farko

A 1930, ta sa suna a Smith College a Northampton, Massachusetts, da niyyar zama mawallafa. "A wancan lokaci, akwai quite sanannun mace da mawallafa irin su, - ta ce da ni - kuma ina aka je zama daya daga cikinsu." Duk da cewa ta na son rubuta gajeren kwaikwaiyo da cewa Julia aika a kai a kai ga bazawa a New Yorker, babu wani daga ta aiki ba a buga. Bayan samun digiri, ta koma New York, inda ya yi aiki a cikin talla sashen na babbar gida kaya kamfanin W & J Sloane. Bayan da canja wuri na alama LA m Julia aka kora.

Yakin duniya na II

A 1941, a farkon yakin duniya na biyu, Julia koma Washington, DC, inda ta shiga rukunin sa kai sojoji kamar yadda wani bincike mataimakin ga Office of Strategic Services (OSS) - wani sabon gwamnatin kafa ta m raka'a. A cikin post Julia ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a watsin saƙonni classified bayanai tsakanin Amurka da jami'an gwamnati da kuma m sanda. Daga baya, Julia da abokan aikin ta, an aika zuwa aiki a daban-daban dabarun da maki, a duniya. Ta ziyarci kasar Sin, Colombo, Sri Lanka. A shekarar 1945, yayin da ta kasance a Sri Lanka, Julia hadu da fara dating wani ma'aikaci na USS Paul Child. A cikin watan Satumba 1946, bayan yakin duniya na biyu, Julia da Paul koma zuwa Amirka da kuma samu aure.

dafuwa makaranta

A 1948, lokacin da Paul aka canjawa wuri zuwa Amurka Information Service a ofishin jakadancin Amurka a Paris, yaron iyali koma Faransa. Duk da yake Julia kuma akwai yiwuwar za a Faransa abinci. Ta shiga cikin wani dafa abinci makaranta Cordon bleu, duniya-shahara. Wannan ya biyo ta watanni shida na horo, da suka hada da darussan da wani zaman kansa shugaba Max Benard. Bayan haka, Julia, tare da 'yan'uwanmu dalibai Cordon bleu Simonoy Bek da Luizet Berthol kafa da kansa dafa abinci makaranta L'Ecole de Trois Gourmandes.

"Gwanancewar da Art of Faransa Cooking"

Domin daidaita da da hadadden Faransa abinci ga talakawa Amirkawa, 'yan mata ke dafa uku yi aiki a kan halittar wani biyu-girma littafin girke-girke. The mata samu wani gaba na $ 750 don aikin. Duk da haka, da m na yin kwangila dalĩli ƙaryata rubutum saboda mai girma tsawon a 734 pages. Wani m ƙarshe ya ɗauki wata babbar littafin girke-girke, sakewa da shi a cikin watan Satumba 1961, mai taken "Gwanancewar da Art of Faransa Cooking." Aiki yana dauke gawurtaccen halitta, kuma wannan littafin ya zauna a bestseller shekaru biyar bayan da ta buga. Tun daga nan, da littafin da ya zama misali mai shiryarwa zuwa ga dafuwa al'umma.

Julia taimaka wajen inganta littafinsa, da tallata shi a kan tashoshin na jama'a talabijin a Boston cewa ya ba da nisa daga ta gida. Hoton na ta alama ya rectilinear kuma tare da wani cikin walwala da annashuwa - shi ne dafa shi qwai a cikin iska. da jama'a mayar da martani ne m, Julia fara sami haruffa daga masu karatu a manyan lambobi, ba a ma maganar da m wayar da kira. Sa'an nan da aka gayyace ta zuwa TV channel na cikin hali na da kansa shirin na dafa abinci. Da farko, Julia sanã'anta $ 50 domin show, kuma daga baya da kudin da aka tashe shi zuwa $ 200 da halin kaka.

TV nasara

A shekarar 1962, a WGBH talabijin tashar tafi telecast "Faransa dafa TV", wanda aka bayyana a matsayin samfurin da "Gwanancewar da Art of Faransa Cooking" ya iya canza American acewar abinci, da kuma Julia ya zama wani gida Celebrity. Da ewa ba bayan, "The French Chef" da aka nuna a kan 96 tashoshin fadin Amurka.

A shekarar 1964, Julia samu babbar George Foster Peabody Award, sa'an nan a shekarar 1966 - Award Emmy. Cikin 1970s kuma 1980s, Julia sanya na yau da kullum da bayyanuwa a kan ABC ta safe show "Good Morning America."

A daidai wannan lokaci ta yi aiki tukuru, da kuma a cikin wasu shirye-shirye, kamar "Dzhuliya Chayld kuma Company" (1978), "J. Child kuma mafi kamfanoni" (1980), "Dinner da Julia" (1983). Akwai kuma wani canja wuri da kuma, inda Julie gudanar da wani nazari da suka cookbooks, ya zama bestsellers da kuma maida hankali duk fannoni na dafuwa arts. Na kwanan nan, cookbooks su ne "Master Class da Dzhuliey Chayld" (1995), "Yin burodi da Julia" (1996), "A matukar dadi abincin rana Julia" (1998) da kuma "Random abincin rana Julia" (1999), duk abin da aka tare da rated.

abokan adawar

Duk da haka, ba duka sun magoya na Julia. An sau da yawa soki a haruffa na masu kallo, saboda shi ba ya wanke hannuwansu, kazalika domin gaskiyar cewa, a cikin ra'ayi, ta demeanor a kitchen ne ba m. "Kai ne cikakken m dafa, ba ka ma san yadda za a cire nama daga ƙasũsuwa," - ya rubuta wasu. "I, na ba su kasance a mutanen da suke da hypersensitive zuwa dubagari", - ya amsa ya ce Child. Wasu sun damu da high matakan da kitsen, wanda shi ne Faransa dafa abinci. Dzhuliya Chayld a mayar da martani ga cewa miƙa irin wannan mutane da a moderation. "Na fi son su ci daya tablespoon na cakulan cake Russe, fiye da uku jelly kwano", - ta ce.

Mutuwa, kuma wasiyya

Duk da sukar, Julia ci gaba da buga tips a kan dafa abinci. A shekarar 1993, ta aka bayar ga ta aiki, sa'an nan ta zama mace ta farko ya shiga Hall of Fame dafuwa Cibiyar. A watan Nuwamba, 2000, bayan wata 40-shekara aiki abin da ya sanya ta suna hade da lafiya da abinci da kuma shahararrun chefs a duniya, Julia karbi mafi kyautar na France - da Tuli na karimci. Kuma a watan Agusta 2002 da National Museum of American History Smithsonian gabatar da wani baje kolin, inda uku m dafa abinci nuna Julia aka nuna.

Dzhuliya Chayld, wani photo na wanda shi ne saba wa kowane sana'a dafa abinci, ya mutu a watan Agusta 2004 daga koda cuta a gidansa a Montecito, kwana biyu kafin 92nd ranar haihuwa. Julie bai daina ayyukan ko da a kwanaki na arshe. "Fansho gundura, saboda haka muna bukatar yin aiki da sosai karshen", - ta ce. Bayan ta mutuwa, a littafin tare da wani tarihin kansa, "My Life a Faransa," da aka buga tare da taimakon dan dan'uwansa Child - Alex. A littafin, wanda ya gaya labarin Julia gano cewa shi ne mai gaskiya ne sadaukarwa, zama bestseller.

A tunawa da Julia ci gaba da rayuwa da kuma yanzu da taimakon da daban-daban cookbooks da ta dafa abinci show. A shekara ta 2009, film darektan Nora Efron ta "Julie & Julia" ya zama wani hit movie sinimomi, ya gaya game da rayuwa, wadda aka gudanar da Dzhuliya Chayld. A fim zama sha'awar a gaskiyar cewa fim taurari Meril Gaza da kuma Amy Adams. Domin ta yi Streep sanã'anta kyautar "Golden Globe" for Best Actress kuma aka zabi ga kyautar "Oscar".

Agusta 15, 2012 zai zama da 100th ranar tunawa da Julia. A dangane da bikin na karni na mace ta gidajen cin abinci a fadin Amurka halarci a cikin yakin "Week na gidajen cin abinci tare da Julia," Dzhulii Chayld girke-girke ƙonawa a kan menu.