Dzheyms Fenimor Kuper, "Pathfinder": summary da kuma babban haruffa

A yau duniya nashtampovat da uninteresting jerin litattafan game da wani hali suna ƙara komawa classic haruffa da kuma labaru game da su: Dumas - "The Three Musketeers", Conan Doyle - "Sherlock Holmes", Cooper - "Pathfinder". Takaitacciyar da kasada mu tuna kowane rai. Wannan shi ne wani real wallafe-wallafen Diamonds. Bayan duk, yadda wuya shi ne daidai da ban sha'awa rubuta wasu labarai, yayin da rikewa da style da jigogi, kiyayye karatu da kuma tilasta shi ya koma na farko jerin litattafan domin cikakkun bayanai.

Wa ya sani Chingachgook

Daya daga cikin ban mamaki sake zagayowar da labaru game da Indiyawan rubuta Dzheyms Fenimor Kuper. "Pathfinder, ko a kan gaba na Ontario" - mai ma'ana ci gaba da a baya aka buga litattafai. A littafin da aka buga a 1940 da kuma nan da nan lashe zukatan masu karatu da dama, don saduwa da sake tare da ka fi so haruffa. Wannan jarumi mafarauci Nataniel Bampo da aminci aboki Chingachgook ja - heroes of baya biyu littattafai, "Deerslayer" da kuma "The Last na Mohicans."

Mun koya cewa ƙaunataccen gwarzo, wanda ya rubuta Cooper, Ranger. Babban haruffa na uku labari - matasa da kuma kyakkyawan Mabel Dunham, a jarumi seaman Charles Kep, lakabi da "Salt ruwa", matasa da kuma hukunci Dzhasper Uestern, wanda ta bautar da sauki da kuma directness. Bugu da kari, akwai biyu sabon Indian hali: jarumin smashing Kibiya da ya matasa matar Rosa A Yuni.

Wonderful yanayi - tushen wahayi

The labari da aka kafa a 1759 a lokacin da wani m da jini Faransa da Indiya War a bakin Lake Ontario. Wannan shi ne inda ya rayu kuma ya yi yãƙi Ranger. Cooper sake dubawa akai-akai ji game da ban mamaki kyau na Indian ƙasa. Musamman ma a cikin matasa marubuci, ya jefa karatu a Jami'ar Yale, suka shiga sabis a cikin Navy, ya samu ya fara ganawa ne a wadannan wurare. Saboda haka, a lokacin da halittar da mafiya yawa daga litattafan lake scene ya zama backdrop domin labaru.

Game da abin da ya gaya Cooper? "Pathfinder", a takaice wadda, ga alama, za a iya canjawa wuri a cikin 'yan kalmomi, shi ne sosai m. Saboda haka, a cikin 1759, kasar tana rufe da wani mummunan yaki. Ba wani rai da mutuwa yãƙi Indian sojoji da na yau da kullum Faransa sojojin. Tun da yãƙi mafi yawa daukan wuri a cikin gandun daji, tafiya a cikin su ne musamman m. Ko 'yan mil a cikin zuciya na gandun daji thickets iya kudin rayuwar wani jarumi matafiyi.

Ta yaya shi duka ya fara

Mene ne Kasadar aka bayyana a cikin uku labari, Cooper? "Pathfinder", a takaice abin da ya kamata a fara zuwa retell abin da goma sha tara American Mabel Dunham son je Lake Ontario, inda sansanin soja ne mahaifinta, ta bayyana haduwar dangantakar tsakanin Burtaniya, Faransa da kuma India. A cikin wuya da kuma kawo hadari tafiya Woman Wa accompanies Uncle Charles - haihuwa ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa wanda ya aikata Indiyawan laƙabi "Salt ruwa". Amma da unexplored gandun daji hanyoyi, don haka kamar yadda jamiái na Mabel da haihuwa teku kerkẽci ne ba'indiye biyu - Warrior Tuscarora smashing Boom da matarsa tashi The Yuni, don haka mai suna saboda ta kyakkyawa da kuma tawali'u. Yi tawagar da ke a kan tafiya, ...

A ganawar da St. John wort

Ba da da ewa, matasa mafarauci iya sansana hayaki daga wuta. Odar da tauraron dan adam daina smashing Kibiya hankali peering a cikin m ƙunci. Bayan 'yan mintoci na kallo, ya yi rahoton zuwa unguwa na sharudda. Su tafasa saukar zuwa da cewa wannan irin wuta iya ƙone kawai bature. Indiyawan yi shi daban, kuma mafi ingancin cikin sharuddan masking hayaki. Bayan wani gajeren soja majalisa da aka yanke shawarar aika da mutane don gudanar da bincike. Duk da haka, Mabel ya saɓa wa shirin, ya ce shi kuma yana so ya dauki wani kai tsaye sashi a cikin outing. Mun jãyayya da dogon da kuma yanke shawarar tare saduwa da yiwu hadari. Wannan abin da ya kawo mu ga taron na farko da haihuwa heroes F. Cooper. Ranger ba a ɓõye, kuma ba a ɓoye - ya calmly sanar da kasancewar.

Tsanaki crept da hayaki source, da matafiya ga wani karamin share cewa aiki a matsayin halting wuri domin uku maza - biyu fari kuma daya ja mutum. Domin kauce wa ba dole ba ta'adi ga aboki Aika Mabel. Bayan duk, babu mai kyau Kirista taba harba a wata mace. Hakika, maza ba su yi zaton ansu rubuce-rubucen da makamansu. Indian mamaki ya dube Mabel da calmly ya kõma zuwa ga ci abinci.

Wajen yarinya tsaya wani mutum na game da arba'in, wanda da farko duba kamar yarinya. Duk da cewa a cikin mafarki ta ba wakiltar cikakken warrior, wannan mutumin na da irin saran baiwa da gaskiya, don haka gaskiya da kuma irin mutum cewa nan da nan lashe amanar Mabel. Ya nan da nan ya tabbatar da yarinya a cikin cikakken aminci su nufi da kuma gabatar da kansa - St. John wort (haka, ko da yake, da kuma ake kira da trilogy Fenimor Kuper "Ranger ...").

A fatawar mahaifinsa

Ganin mamaki na matashi, Deerslayer bayyana cewa, ya aka bai wa laƙabi Indiyawan domin su ikon gane sirrin ãyõyi yanayi. Amma Mabel yi mamaki a duk m sunan wannan mutumin. Ta tuna da mahaifinsa wasika, wanda ya jima kafin tafiya. Yana gogaggen saja da aka ambata shi ne wani mutum da sunan barkwanci, wanda a da ya request, ya bi da yarinya ta kawo hadari gandun daji. Kuma wannan taron ya faru.

St. John wort, A halin yanzu, gabatar da sahabbansa, sun kasance Indian shugaba Chingachgook lakabi The Great Maciji kuma talented ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa Dzhasper Uestern. A kananan detachment na Mabel ƙwarai inganta ta uku gogaggen mayakan, ya yi tafiyarsa.

m hanya

M picturesquely aka bayyana shi Adventure Cooper. "Pathfinder", a takaice dai retelling na wanda shige zuwa cikin daya jumla, cike da dukan surprises. Ba sau daya, ba sau biyu Mabel da sahabbansa da aka risking rayuwarsu. Suka haye m kogin, fasikanci gandun daji thickets, guje wa da wayo tarko kafa ta 'yan India. Kuma a karshe, fuska da fuska tare da m American 'yan kabilar India - kabilar Iroquois.

Amma ko da yaushe da taimako, ba shakka, na zo Nataniel Bampo. Wannan shi ne yadda za a duniya da aka kira St. John wort. Mun gode wa ƙarfin hali da kuma tabbatar da dalilin, ilmi na kewaye yankin tare da abokai Mabel iya samun zuwa Turanci Fort a kan Lake Ontario.

Roman - wani tunani na gaskiya

Duk da haka, bisa isowa a castle, mu matafiya samu shiga ma fi girma woes. Kamar yadda da dukan m cibiyoyin soja da ba su da m lamba tare da waje duniya, sansanin soja, ko kuma wajen, ta sojojin aka fallasa kowa, sai rashin iyawar gani na da'a. Yana san F. Cooper: "Pathfinder" gaya labarin wani sabon abu ba yana nufin rare, da kuma tasowa daga rashin ma'aikata.

Shi ne a cikin irin wannan tangle na sha'awa da kuma yarda Mabel da ita da abokanta. A zahiri daga farko hours of your tsaya a cikin sansanin soja Mabel detachment kwamandan da ake zargi da ta da kyaftin Yammacin cin amanar kasa, zargin da shi na leken asiri. Tsohon Saje Dunham farko shakka gaskiyar maganar da maigidan, duk da haka, sannu a hankali canza ra'ayin, daga damuwa ga wani gaskiya seaman da tuhuma.

Bugu da kari, ya aka damu da wani irin ra'ayin ba ta kawai ya ya auri wata Natty Bumppo. A cewar shi, wannan mutum zai iya yin farin ciki na Mabel. A halin yanzu ba ta da ra'ayin game da tsare-tsaren da mahaifinsa. Saje karfi da ke yin wahayi zuwa Deerslayer zaton cewa Mabel ciyarwa wasu m, kuma m ji zuwa gare shi. St John da tsananin farko m amsa zuwa wani tsohon abokina jawabinsa. Ransa ya kasance 'yan femme fatales, bayan ganawa da wanda Bumpo ya kaina wani alwashi ba da damar a zuciyarsa fada cikin soyayya.

Ranger da mata

Rikitarwa dangantaka da mata Hypericum aka bayyana a cikin ta farko litattafan da Cooper. Ranger, a takaice na soyayya labarai cewa za a iya wuce da kalmar "m", fi son ci gaba da zama free kuma ba a ɗaure da aure. A baya labarai muna magana ne game da abin da aka makala to shi Dzhudit Harter - Shawagi Tom 'yar. da kuma matasa Alice Monroe, wanda shi ma yana da imprudence zuwa inflamed motsin zuciyarmu ga baƙin ƙarfe Deerslayer. Sa'an nan Nathaniel tsaya. Sa'a na fi son mata free rayuwa a cikin yanayi da aminci abokai.

Amma ko tasiri Dunhema ya ƙwarai da gaske, ko kawai gaji na Loneliness, St. John ta, a karshen, da dama cikin soyayya da Mabel. Ƙarfin hali da kuma yin la'akari da ban sha'awa, ya yi tsammani chances shi yayi matasa lady in ka ji da yayi ta hannu da kuma zuciya. Disclaimer Mabel wani tsanani buga wa Izza na arba'in mafarauci. Daidai yi cikinsa labarin soyayya Dzheyms Kuper. Ranger ya immensely mamaki a lokacin da Mabel so ya tsarkake friendliness.

Faransa ba barci

A halin yanzu, a kagara a fara yin miyagun abubuwa. Jifar Kibiya, wanda Indian suke tare da Mabel wa mahaifinta, ya juya wani tsohon Faransa leken asiri. Ya manufa ya zuwa shiga cikin ƙasa da sansanin soja da kuma na follow-up rahoton a kan yawan da ikon ta sojojin ga masu shi.

A daya hannun, wannan daukan hotuna cire tuhuma tare da Western kyaftin. Amma a sauran - kagara mazaunan gane cewa makiya ba barci da kuma shirya don kai hari. Ba da da ewa castle ya halartar wani iko hari na kawance sojojin Faransa, wanda aka mayar da godiya ga ƙarfin hali na St. John wort da kuma ta tauraron dan adam.

The wa'adin sanya wa ubansa

Abin baƙin ciki, da yaki shi ne na karshe wanda ya ga tsohon Sgt Dunhema, aka fatally rauni. Mutuwa a hannun 'yarsa, sai ya rika ta wa'adin - to kawai aure Natty Bumppo. Heartbroken Mabel takwabin cika karshe buri na wani tsohon jarumi. St. John wort da farin ciki na'am da yarda da yarinya ta zama matarsa. A hankali shi ya zama sane da cewa Mabel yin shi ƙ. Koyo game da rantsuwar, Nathaniel fid da matasa lady daga gare ta. Bayan duk, ya free mafarauci, kuma kowane bayyanuwar bauta unacceptable a gare shi.

Bugu da kari, da Ranger ya ga waɗanda kamannuna musayar tsakanin kyaftin da kuma matasa Yammacin Mabel. Wannan karshe gamsu da mafarauci a daidaitar da aikin. Riga ta ne aure zuwa wani kyaftin, Mabel fuskanci m baƙin ciki. Ta gane cewa St. John wort ƙaunace ta gaske, amma saboda ya jin kunya ba kokarin saduwa da ita.