Dzheyms Dzhoys: biography, da wallafe-wallafen al'adunmu

Dzheyms Dzhoys, wanda biography da aka bayyana, a wannan labarin, shi ne mafi shahara da wakilin zamani a Ireland. Ya wallafa wani littafi aikin da ya yi da wani banbanci a duniya al'adun 20th karni.

Shimfiɗar jariri, da kuma samartaka

Joyce aka haife shi a 1882 a kudancin Dublin, a yankin na Rathgar. Iyalinsa sosai manyan (goma sha biyar yara). Uba Dzhon Dzhoys aka farko tsunduma a cikin iyali kasuwanci - ruwan inabi cinikayya. Amma tun da shi ne talauci masani a harkokin, da sauri ya tafi fatara. Ya yi don samun haraji ofishin. A general, da aiki da aikin da aka ba m, amma akwai John dade ba. Bayan haka, ya sau da yawa canza jobs. Tare da matarsa Meri Dzheyn, suna da matsawa sau da yawa, don haka James a farkon yara ya rayu a kusan kowane bangare na Dublin.

A gaskiya ma, cikin dukan alhakin iyali fadi a kan kafadu na uwa. Ta yi wani suna fadin fensho, wanda duk ya rayu. John-Playboy ba dame wannan halin da ake ciki. An sosai ya shafi duk yara a cikin iyali, wanda aka haifa da wani kyama ga nasa mahaifin. Daga baya, a cikin ayyukansu na Joyce, wadannan ji za a nuna.

Duk da talauci da rashin lafiya na iyali, yaron ya iya samun mai kyau ilimi. A cikin shekaru shida da ya aiko zuwa ga Jesuit College Klongouz Woods. Kuma canjawa wuri zuwa Belvedere a shekaru goma sha daya. A 1897, post-sakandare ilimi, Dzheyms Dzhoys sa suna a Jami'ar Dublin (Royal), daga wanda ya kammala a 1902.

na farko bazawa

Dzheyms Dzhoys, wanda biography ya tabbatar da cewa ya ne haƙĩƙa, mai talented marubuci, daga makaranta kaunace adabi da kuma harshe. Yana da aka nan da nan a fili yake cewa wannan ba kawai a fad.

Rubutu kadan James ta tsunduma kafin shiga Jesuit kwaleji. Amma a shekara tara, ya halicci wani waka, aka karin a directness da gaskiya. Ya sadaukar da shi ga Charles Parnell, shugaban kwata 'yanci motsi a Ireland, da kuma takwaransa Timoti Hili, wanda ya ci amanar abokinsa, a sakamakon wanda ya mutu.

The waka da aka karbe ta uba na marubuci, amma a kwafin, da rashin alheri, bai tsira.

Duk da yake karatu a Jami'ar Joyce rubuta wata} asida game da ya fi so marubuci Genrihe Ibsene "Drama kuma Life". Shi ne mai kananan bayyani na aiki. A shekara daga baya Joyce fara buga a cikin babbar London mujallar "The biyu-mako review". Da farko littafin an labarin a kan Ibsen ta play "New Drama". Haifar da marubuci samu mai kyau fee, amma mafi muhimmanci da ya da yabo na marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo, domin shi.

Har ila yau a shekarar 1900 ya rubuta cikin play "m aiki". Shi ne ba kawai da kwaikwayo Ibsen.

Bayan mutuwar Ruskin Joyce labarin "The kambi na kadanya" da aka buga a mujallar inda marubuci tattaunawa game da rabo daga cikin shahararrun Banasare.

Tun 1901, yafi tsunduma a translation (misali, Hauptmann ta "Kafin Fitowar").

A watan Oktoba 1902, James ya iya saduwa da Yates. Kamar yadda karshen, mu haifar da marubuci yi girman sosai girman kai. Lalle ne, Joyce ya hali na wannan hali, amma wannan ba ya hana shi ya zama rahama da tausayi ga mutane.

Paris

Saboda haka Joyce sauke karatu daga Jami'ar. Kafin shi ya tsaya a rudanin: abin da ya yi gaba? 'S tunani don wani lokaci game da shi, sai ya yanke shawarar cewa yana so a gudanar da aiki da magani. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa shi ne a farkon Disamba 1902 ya tafi birnin Paris.

Dzheyms Dzhoys, wanda biography ne wani lokacin m, a cikin mafi romantic birni a duniya da sauri manta game da manufar da ya kai ziyara. Medicine zahiri weathered daga kansa.

Ya zama na yau da kullum a National Library, karanta da yawa da kuma tunani. Daga wadannan tunani ƙarshe juya shayari tarin "bẽne, music" da kuma litattafan aiki, wanda ya kira "Epiphany," Dzheyms Dzhoys kansa. A takaice wannan ra'ayi da aka nuna a cikin "Stephen Hero" (labari marubuci), kuma shi ne halayyar farkon Joyce ta ado ka'idar.

Bugu da kari, James aika kayan da littafin reviews zuwa tsibirin, suka buga a "Dublin Daily Express".

A tsakiyar 1903, Joyce ta uwarsa mutu. A karshe watanni na ɗanta ya a Dublin. Amma saboda rashin jituwa a kan addini filaye (Joyce hana addini), bayan ya bar uwar na ji m, kuma ya fara shaƙa shi tare da barasa.

Tun shekara ta 1904, ya fara aiki a kan ta farko da manyan aiki - labari "A Hero of Steven." A a layi daya, aiki a waqe, wanda daga baya za a hada a cikin tarin "Dubliners".

Yuni 10 faru banrazana taron a Joyce ta rayuwa. Ya sadu da nan gaba matarsa, Nora. A wannan lokacin, ta yi aiki a matsayin bawa a hotel. Daga wannan rana, sai suka kusan ba rabe.

A wannan lokacin, James ya rubuta da kuma wallafa a mujallu da yawa labaru. Kuma a karshen, tare da Nora, sai ya tafi zuwa Turai, da ɓangaren duniya.

A 1905, a Trieste, ma'auratan da dan Giorgio, da kuma a 1907 - 'yar Lucia. Abin lura shi ne cewa yarinya da aka haifa a wani asibiti ga talakawa. Joyce ne a wani wuya kudi wuri, duk da cewa mahaifin wani iyali da kuma da yawa daga aiki. The tarin "Dubliners" ba wanda ya so ya buga, musamman a Ireland. Ya aka dauke unpatriotic, kuma m na jama'a matsa lamba ya riga ya ba da umarnin kona kofe shirye domin sayarwa.

Zurich

Saboda fashewa Duniya Joyce tilasta je Zurich, inda za su zauna har zuwa shekara ta 1919. James ya riga ya fara aiki a kan mafi muhimmanci labari a rayuwa - "Ulysses."

Rayuwa a Zurich ya sananne ga cewa nan da marubuci ya ƙare har aiki a daya daga cikin mafi kyau ayyukansu - littafin "A hoto na Artist matsayin Sun Man." Wasu surori sun riga gani da haske, amma dukan edition ya shirya ba.

"A hoto na Artist matsayin Sun Man"

Wannan labari na James Joyce ta autobiographical. Ya bita daga cikin a baya aka rubuta "Stephen Hero."

A littafin da aka buga a farko 1916 a Amurka, godiya ga} Hariett aboki Joyce Masaƙi, wani tsohon editan "Egoist". Sa'an nan an buga shi a Austria da sauran kasashe.

Marubucin ya bayyana zargin da gwarzo da sunan Stiven Dedal, wanda a "Ulysses," labari zai bayyana a nan gaba. Dzheyms Dzhoys ce game da halin da ya canza-Izza. Daedalus kawai shakka gaskiyar postulates na Katolika da kuma gyara daga cikin na'ura na zamani al'umma a Ireland.

"Ulysses"

Har 1922 a wasu mujallu daga cikin shugaban sabon labari da Joyce. Amma nan da nan, ko a Amurka ta dakatar da shi ga saki. A kasar Biritaniya, da moratorium dade har 1936. A karshen, littafin da aka buga a birnin Paris. Ta aka saki a kan Fabrairu 2 - da ranar haihuwar marubucin.

Iya da marubuci mafarkin nan cewa shi ne ya yi aiki ya kira koli na zamani cewa shi zai sami wata daraja maxaukakiya da "Ulysses"? Dzheyms Dzhoys aikata wannan babu shakka! Ya halitta wani m polystylistic aiki, cike da tarihi, da falsafa, janar al'adu da kuma sauran abubuwa. Duk da sauki daga cikin mãkirci, labari mai ban mamaki da gaske kuma na musamman.

Biyu makircinsu to fahimta shi ne Dzheyms Dzhoys. Na shekara-shekara tebur da aka buga a 1931 S. Gilbert a cikin littafin-nazari "Ulysses" Joyce ".

"Finnegans Wake"

A shekarar 1923, marubucin ya fara aiki a kan sa na karshe manyan aiki. ya kira wannan aikin "The Thing a cikin aikin."

Dzheyms Dzhoys, wanda biography ne ko da yaushe sami gani a cikin littattafai, ya ce cewa rubutu a tarihin duniya. Tun shekara ta 1927 ya fara buga surori na wani sabon labari.

A watan Yuli 1931, James hukumance auri Nora (kuma wannan shi ne bayan shekaru 27 da dangantaka!). Kuma watanni shida daga baya, da suka yi wani jika mai suna Stephen.

A 1939 na ga saki wani gwaji labari, rubuta a cikin dabara na "rafi na sani". Babu shakka, shi ne marubucin Dzheyms Dzhoys. Books abin mamaki da mai karatu ba hadu. "Finnegans Wake" kunshi gaba ɗaya na puns, neologisms sets, marubucin yana amfani da harsuna da yawa a rubuce, don haka da cewa da zarar kuma ba gaya abin da shi ne game da.

Bisa ga ƙa'ida, da mataki faruwa a cikin dare daya a Dublin, a kan wani m matakin - wannan shi ne dukan tarihin duniya.

sakamako

A Janairu 1941, bayan tiyata don cire ciki miki, ya mutu Dzheyms Dzhoys. Quotes daga littattafai buga a duk mujallu, amma yanzu a cikin labarin mutuwarsa sashe. Shi ne mai nauyi duka domin iyali da kuma ga dukan magoya na marubuci.

Da rayuwarsa da kuma aiki da wani babban tasiri a kan irin fice artists kamar yadda Dzhon Apdayk, Borges, Beckett. Ya wallafa wani littafi aiki da aka kimanta ambiguously biyu a rayuwa, kuma bayan mutuwa. Amma abu daya ya rage m - Dzheyms Dzhoys ya za'ayi cikakken juyin juya halin a duniya al'ada.