Counterintelligence ne ... Military counterintelligence. Fiye da hankali ya bambanta daga counterintelligence

A cikin dukan ci gaban tarihin 'yan adam, yaƙe-yaƙe daban-daban na sikelin daban-daban ya faru. Wasu sun tashi ne saboda albarkatun, wasu - saboda rashin kabilun kabilanci, wasu sun zama mawuyacin halin siyasa. Amma wata hanya ko wata, a kowace yaki mutane suna mutuwa. A karni na karni, "masana kimiyya" a bangaren aikin soja sun fara samuwa tare da hanyoyi don rage yawan asarar dan Adam a wasu rikice-rikice na soja. A cikin hanyar samun mafita ga wannan matsala, mai yawa ra'ayoyi ya tashi. Dukkanin inji an ƙirƙirar da ya bari mutane su ɓoye a lokacin yakin, hanyoyin dabara, matsalolin diflomasiyya, da dai sauransu. Amma wannan ba za'a iya kwatanta shi ba tare da bincike. An yi amfani da 'yan leƙen asiri da' yan leƙen asiri a lokacin yaki na Independence na Amurka, kuma bayan haka a wasu fadace-fadace na soja. A tsawon lokaci, kungiyoyin 'yan kallo masu sana'a sun fara bayyana a kusan dukkanin jihohi. Amma, tare da wannan, sojojin da suka samu nasara sun fahimci cewa ba za su yarda da shigar da 'yan leƙen asirin ƙasar ba, kuma su yi wa' yan kallo gagarumar aiki. Don haka akwai sabis na counterintelligence.

Mene ne counterintelligence?

Don kwanan wata, counter-m - shi ne mai takamaiman ayyuka na wasu jama'a ayyuka, wanda aka izini yin ganewa da kuma danniya na hankali ko leken asirin ayyukan, musamman jikinsu da kuma jamiái na waje jihohi. Kasancewa irin wadannan ayyuka a hanyoyi da dama ya bambanta shi a cikin sauran sassan soja. Don haka, counterintelligence kuma haɗuwa ne na ayyukan gwamnati wanda manufarta ta hana ayyukan aikewa da hankali a kan ƙasa na jihar. Kungiyoyin Counterintelligence sau da yawa suna magance matsalolin da suka hada da: magance ta'addanci, rikici, kulawa, kare kariya, kariya ga tsaro na jihar. Da yawa sau da yawa tambaya ta taso, ta yaya hankali ya bambanta daga counterintelligence? Kafin amsa shi, yana da muhimmanci don nazarin cigaban ayyukan antispyware da kuma jikin da ke gudanar da shi, a kan kasar Rasha ta zamani.

Tarihin gida counterintelligence

Tarihin ayyukan ba da ilmi a ƙasashen Rasha ta zamani ya dawo zuwa War Warrior. Counterintelligence SMERSH a yau shine batun tattaunawa da jayayya akai-akai, da mahimmanci ga batun fina-finai. Duk da haka, rabin karni da suka wuce, Smersh ya firgita har ma sojojin gida. Wannan rabuwa ita ce sunan mahalarta masu zaman kansu masu zaman kanta da masu zaman kanta na musamman, suna aiki tare da makasudin wannan - don hana fitinar kasashen waje. SMERSH ya hada da waɗannan ayyuka:

1. Gudanarwa "Smersh" na Kamfanin Commissariat na Tsaro na Kasuwanci - ƙungiyar soja ta kasa-da-kasa.

2. Gudanarwa "Smersh" Kamfanin Commissariat of the Navy.

3. Sashen Musamman "Smersh" a cikin harkokin cikin gida.

Ƙungiyar ta USSR ta ƙaddamar da shi ne sosai a yakin duniya na biyu, kamar yadda aka nuna ta hanyar ci gaba da cigaban wannan aikin a cikin ayyukan Soviet.

SMERSH Ɗawainiya

Tun da kwarewa, wannan bangare na daya daga cikin manyan kwakwalwan da suka taimaka wajen samun nasarar yaki da Hitler Jamus, SMERSH ya fuskanci ayyuka na musamman, wato:

- Yin gwagwarmaya ga masu zanga-zanga, 'yan leƙen asiri da' yan ta'adda a raka'a, hukumomin Red Army.

- Yin gwagwarmaya da mutanen da suke wa'azi da akidar Soviet.

- Halitta tsarin mulki, wanda dakarun da ke cikin asirin waje zasu iya wucewa gaba.

- Yi yaƙi da masu cin hanci da rashawa zuwa ga asali da kuma masu hamada.

- Binciken cikakken mutanen da aka kai su bauta kusa da makiya.

- Ayyukan ayyuka na musamman.

Don yin aikinsa na ayyuka, sabis na SMERSH counterintelligence yana da 'yancin:

- Ƙirƙiri cibiyar sadarwa.

- Yin gudanar da bincike, kamewa, da kuma sauraron mutane waɗanda ake zargi da laifi ne.

- Gudanar da matakan bincike.

- Gudanar da matakan bincike don ganowa da kuma biyan 'yan leƙen asiri na waje.

Ma'aikata SMERSH aka halicce su ne daga mafi yawan ma'aikata na sassa na musamman na NKVD, domin sun riga sun sami kwarewar aiki na bincike-bincike. Sai dai kuma sojojin sun yi amfani da su.

Ƙari ci gaban counterintelligence

Bayan ƙarshen yakin duniya na biyu, counterintelligence ta fara ci gaba ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Na farko, ba a sake gudanar da ayyukan soja ba, kuma gwamnatin Rundunar Sojan Amurka ba ta da bukatar daukar nauyin 'yan ta'addan da suka sace baya. Duk da haka, ayyukan leken asiri na ƙasashen waje ya bunƙasa, saboda babu wata ƙasa da ta buƙatar mai karfi da ta ci gaba. Ta haka ne, bayanan soja ya zama marar sananne kuma a hanyoyi da dama ya ba da aikinsa ga K ofishin Tsaro na Tsaro. A cikin tarihinsa, kwamitin ya gudanar da yawan ayyuka. Ma'aikatan sun gudanar da bincike da yawa daga ma'aikatan kula da harkokin waje na kasashen waje. Counterintelligence na KGB na tsawon tsawon rayuwarsa ya samo hanyoyi masu ban sha'awa na gudanar da ayyukan binciken aiki a cikin wannan masana'antu. Ana amfani da hanyoyi masu amfani da yawa a cikin sabis na counterselligence na FSB, amma wannan kadan ne daga baya. Yawancin masana tarihi na zamani sun gaskata cewa "tsawon lokaci" na Tarayyar Soviet sun dogara ne akan kasancewar ma'aikatan sana'a da wayar hannu.

A cikin zamani na Rasha, ƙwararrun FSB ya wanzu tun 1995. An yi la'akari da wannan sabis ne a matsayin magajin KGB, saboda yawancin bangarori na aikin da aka bashi daga karshen.

FSB - babban ra'ayi

Tun da farko mun gano cewa counterintelligence wani aiki ne na musamman don bayyana asibiti da kuma gabatar da wakilan ma'aikatan kasashen waje waɗanda ke yin waɗannan ayyukan. Domin a yau a cikin Rasha shine irin wannan sabis na tsaro na tsaro. FSB wata kungiya ce ta musamman, ko kuma mafi mahimmanci, wani jami'in gudanarwa wanda ke aiki na musamman, tare da manufar tabbatar da tsaron tsaro da kuma 'yanci na kasar Rasha. Ya kamata a lura cewa sabis na tsaro yana da hakkin ya gudanar da bincike, aiki da kuma bincike, da kuma bincike. Duk da haka, ayyukan bincike da kuma bayanan da aka yi amfani da su shine fifiko a tsarin tsarin FSB. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce sabis na tsaro ba shi da tsarin kulawa na sashen. FSB ta kai rahoto ga shugaban Rasha.

An kafa wannan jikin a shekara ta 1995, lokacin da shugaban kasar ya sanya hannu kan dokar Tarayya "A Yankin Tarayyar Tarayya a Rasha". Wannan aikin na yau da kullum har yanzu shine babban tushen doka na ayyukan FSB tare da Tsarin Mulki na Rasha.

Ayyuka na sabis na tsaro

Counterintelligence da hankali ba ayyuka ne kawai na FSB ba. Kafin sabis ɗin kuma yana da wasu ayyuka na ayyuka waɗanda zasu ƙayyade kasancewar ayyukan da yawa, wato:

- Gudanar da ta'addanci.

- Yin maganin aikata laifuka, wanda ke dauke da wani nau'i mai mahimmanci.

- Kariya ga yankunan jihar da yanki na kasar Rasha.

- Tabbatar da tsaro na bayanai.

Wasu ayyuka sun bayyana ta hanyar dokokin Rasha na yanzu. Alal misali, shan la'akari da ci gaban da cin hanci da rashawa dangantakar a cikin mafi girma echelons na gwamnati, wani muhimmin aiki na FSB ne da yaki da cin hanci da rashawa. Don fahimtar yadda hankali ya bambanta daga yin amfani da hankali, yana da muhimmanci a yi la'akari da halaye na ayyuka na waɗannan wurare daban. Har ila yau mahimmanci shine batun batun samar da FSB, saboda wannan matsala ta shafi rinjayen ayyukan da wannan jikin ke yi.

Ma'aikata ga FSB

Counterintelligence da kuma m - Waɗannan su ne misalai guda biyu na ayyukan cin abinci na lokaci da ke buƙatar shigar da babban ma'aikata. Saboda haka, kungiyoyin na FSB a ko'ina sun kammala ma'aikatan su tare da ma'aikatan soja da ma'aikatan farar hula. A matsayinka na mai mulki, ma'aikata tare da jami'ai na matsayi, daga aikin kan iyakoki da sauran bangarori na sojojin. Tare da wannan, akwai makarantun ilimi na musamman, inda aka horar da masu sana'a don Tarayyar Tsaron Tarayya na Rasha. Bugu da ƙari, horo na horo na jiki, jami'an FSB suna da ƙarfin hali na tunani da kuma tunani, saboda kwarewa da hankali suna buƙatar dukkanin kwarewa da fasaha.

Ayyukan Counterintelligence na Hukumar Tsaron Tarayya

Rundunar 'yan jarida ta Rasha tana wakiltar ayyuka biyu da suke cikin FSB. Na farko daga cikin waɗannan ayyuka shi ne sabis na Counterintelligence na Tarayya, kuma na biyu shi ne aikin soja na karkashin jagorancin FSB na Rasha. Counterintelligence na FSB wajibi ne don ganowa da kuma kawar da ayyukan sirri na jami'ai na ayyukan musamman na kasashen waje, da kuma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da mutane. Har ila yau, FSB tana lura da ayyukan da baƙi suka tattara bayanai don ya lalata tsarin siyasa, yanci da tsaro na Rasha. A cikin kafofin yada labarai har zuwa yau, ƙananan bayanai game da kwamitocin counterselligence na FSB. Alal misali, wanzuwar Ma'aikatar Counterintelligence Operations ya zama sananne ne kawai bayan bayanan mai bada shawara na CIA Ryan Foghl. Bugu da ƙari, sabis na tsaro ya rarraba aikin da ya dace da wasu ayyuka na kasashen waje. FKD na DKRO da aka ambata shine sashin tsarin da ma'aikata ke aiki don gano masu leƙen asiri da kuma yakin CIA. Bisa ga babban matakin ɓoye a kan abin da aka kirkiro rukuni na Rasha, ana da wuya a yi hukunci akan ayyukan na musamman a cikin wannan filin. Duk da haka, ainihin bayyanawar wakili na kasashen waje, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, ya nuna babban kwarewar jami'an tsaro na FSB.

Counterintelligence na Rasha - tsari

Ofishin Tsaro na Tarayya ya ƙaddamar da tsari mai inganci da zai dogara ga sabis na counterintelligence, wanda ke aiki tare da rabon ƙananan canje-canje har yau. Tsarin tsarin, sabis, jagorancin counterintelligence ya jagoranci. Ƙarin rarraba ya auku a kan gudanarwa da sassan, waɗanda aka ba da izinin yin wasu ayyuka na musamman. Saboda haka tsarin tsarin counterintelligence ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu zuwa:

- Ma'aikatar Counterintelligence Operations.

- Ofishin gudanarwa, bincike na ayyukan counterintelligence.

- Gudanar da ayyuka na musamman.

- Ma'aikatar Harkokin Kasuwanci.

- Ofishin ayyukan counterintelligence a shafuka.

- Cibiyar Tsaro na Bayani.

Tsarin halitta ya ba da damar sauri, daidai da yadda ya dace da aikin aikin FSB counterintelligence.

Mene ne bayanan soja?

A halin yanzu, akwai wasu kwamandan sojojin soja a Rasha. Ya kamata a fahimci cewa wannan nau'i na nau'i na musamman ya bambanta a yawancin hali daga jimlar counterintelligence. Ana amfani da wannan karshen ne don gano 'yan leƙen asiri na kasashen waje a lokacin da suke tattara bayanai game da tattalin arziki, iyawa na fama, da tsaro na jihar. Sojojin soja sunyi zanga-zangar da sassan soja suka yi (a cikin Rasha - da Sashen Harkokin Kasuwanci na soja). Yawancin lokaci wannan aikin yana faruwa a lokacin yakin, don hana tattara tarin bayanai game da makami da kuma magance matsalolin jihar. Duk da haka, ko da la'akari da ayyuka daban-daban, hanyoyi da hanyoyi na dakarun soja suna da yawa a cikin al'amuran da suka dace. Next za mu yi kama da wani soja lokaci, da kuma kokarin amsa wannan tambaya, abin ne daban-daban daga m counterintelligence.

Mai hankali - ba kamar counterintelligence

Don haka, a cikin labarin mun gano cewa counterintelligence ne, wajen magana, aiki da hankali. Akwai bambanci tsakanin waɗannan ayyukan biyu. Don fahimtar yadda hankali ya bambanta daga yin amfani da hankali, dole ne muyi la'akari da manufar wannan karshen. Masana tarihi na yau da kullum na ayyuka na musamman sunyi amfani da hankali a matsayin wani aikin da aka tattara don tattarawa da sarrafa bayanai game da ma'aikatan abokan gaba, da tsare-tsare, da tattalin arziki da yaki. An gudanar da hankali tare da taimakon hanyoyin dabara da kuma aiki. Ta haka ne, hankali shine tarin bayanai, kuma counterintelligence shine aikin da za a kashe na farko.

A ƙarshe, ya kamata a lura cewa counterintelligence ita ce hanya mafi mahimmanci don kare ikon tsaro na jihar a cikin zamani na zamani. Kamar yadda juyin halitta na fasaha ya inganta da kuma kwarewa, wanda ke nuna ci gaba da bunkasa aikin soja na 'yan adam. Bugu da ƙari, babban gudunmawa ga ci gaba da irin waɗannan ayyukan shi ne saboda aikin kimiyya a fagen nazarin hanyoyin da dabarun counterintelligence.