Bayyana irin yanayi. Hadawa da kuma matsalolin da suka faru

Wadanda suke karatun a jami'o'i a cikin jagorancin horo "fikihu", sun sami irin wannan aiki: "Bayyana irin yanayi." A wannan takarda, za a yi nazarin su, za mu tattauna dalla-dalla game da kowace nau'in. Za mu fara tare da bayani game da ainihin mahimmanci.

Yana da muhimmanci a fahimci bambanci tsakanin manufar "gaskiyar" da "yanayin". Suna da rikice rikice. Na farko ya faru ba tare da la'akari da nufin mutum ba. Alal misali, an samu kotu a kotu bayan ya faru. A wannan yanayin, muna magana ne da "hujjar doka". Amma idan kun aikata laifi saboda mummunan hali ko haramcin wanda aka azabtar, wannan shine "matsala mai rikitarwa".

Yanayi da halayyarsu

Sabili da haka, kun sami aikin: "zane iri iri". Yanzu muna ba da jimawa. Duk yanayi ya fada cikin sassa uku:

• Laifuka da ke ba da laifi;
• Saukewa;
• Ƙarfafawa.

A cikin wannan rukuni, ba mu dauki wani nau'i - yanayi mara kyau ba. Yanzu yana da taƙaitaccen game da su. Ma'anar wannan ma'anar tana cewa waɗannan su ne ainihin bayanan da bai dace ba, amma sun kasance a wurin aikata laifuka ko kuma a fili, dole ne su kasance a wurin, amma ba haka ba ne. Ka yi la'akari da cewa mai binciken ya isa wurin aikata laifuka (kisan kai), inda ya sami gawa da abubuwan da aka watsar. Don haka, asarar duk wani abu shine mummunar yanayi, saboda haka mai binciken yana ƙoƙari ya tura hanyar da ba daidai ba.

Kashe ayyukan aikata laifuka

A wannan sashe, za mu dubi iri laifi defenses. Da farko, muna ba da ma'anar. Waɗannan su ne wasu lokuta da ba laifi ba ne. A cikin wannan rukuni ya ƙunshi maki 6:

• Hukumar ta aikata laifin ta faru ba tare da gangan ba saboda sakamakon kare kanka;
• haddasa cutar a tsare laifin (a wasu lokuta (mota farauta, shootouts, kuma haka a), domin haddasa wata cũta - shi ne wani ɓangare daga cikin tsare).
• Muhimmancin matsala (haifar da lahani ga bukatun wasu mutane, tare da barazanar cutar ga abubuwan da ke cikin mutum, wasu 'yan ƙasa, al'umma ko jihar);
• Ƙunƙwasawa (wannan ya haɗa da haɗakar jiki da na zuciya);
• Daidaita hadarin;
• Kashe umarni.

Halin yanayi

A cikin wannan sashe, zamu tattauna nau'o'in yanayi masu tasowa. Za'a iya samun cikakken bayani game da wannan batu a cikin fasaha. 61 na Dokar Kisa na Rasha. Bisa ga wannan takarda, wadannan yanayi sune laifuffukan da basu da cutarwa ga al'umma. Saboda haka, azabtarwar ta kasance ta fi sauƙi fiye da yadda aka yi la'akari.

A cikin wannan rukuni za mu iya komawa:

• Daidaitawar yanayi;
• Ƙananan;
• Tashin ciki da / ko gaban yara ƙanana;
• Halin halin rayuwa mai wuya;
• Wani laifi aikata saboda jin tausayi;
• Jigilar jiki;
• Ƙwararren ilimin kimiyya;
• Wani laifi da aka aikata saboda sakamakon gaggawa;
• Bayyanar da lamiri marar laifi.

Idan a lokacin shari'ar lauya yana kula da shari'ar kotu cewa laifin aikata laifuka yana da rikici, to, azabar za ta kasance mai rauni.

Hukunci

Don haka, muna ƙoƙari mu amsa tambaya mai mahimmanci: "fayyace irin yanayi." Mun riga mun dauki nau'i biyu. Game da matsalolin haɓaka, yanzu za ku koyi yadda za a rage hukuncin da ake yi na aikata laifi.

Za a iya samun wannan bayani a sashi na 1 na sashi na 62 na Dokar Laifin Harkokin Kasa na Rasha. Idan takaice, ya ce an rage iyakar iyakar ta kashi ɗaya bisa uku.

Yanayin haɓaka

A cikin wannan sashe za mu bincika irin yanayin da ya faru a cikin sashe na 63 na dokar laifuka ta Rasha na 1996 (edition 2017). Wannan rukuni ya hada da:

• Rushewa;
• Sakamakon kullun;
• Shari'ar aikata laifuka da gangan da wasu mutane suka tsara;
• Ayyuka a cikin aikata laifuka;
• Haɗuwa da wasu mutane (yara masu shan giya ko shan wahala mai tsanani);
• Wani laifi da aka aikata saboda launin fatar launin fata, ƙiyayya siyasa da sauransu;
• Wani laifi da aka yi na fansa ko kuma don ɓoye wani laifi;
• Shari'ar aikata laifuka game da mace mai ciki, yaro ko wasu masu tsaro;
• Musamman laifuka (zalunci, azabtarwa da sauransu);
• Shari'ar aikata laifuka ta amfani da kowane irin makamai, ciki har da magungunan magani da kwayoyi;
• Kotun da aka aikata a yanayin yanayi na gaggawa;
• Amfani da matsayin mutum a cikin aikin aikata laifi;
• Amfani da takardu ko tsarin wakilai na doka;
• Rashin aikata laifuka ta 'yan sanda;
• Masu laifi suna iyaye ne ko masu kula da mutumin da aka aikata laifi;
• An yarda da giya ko wasu magunguna na iya zama abin ƙyama.

Hukunci

Amsar tambayar: "zane iri-iri", dole ne a san yadda suke shafar manufar azabtarwa. Kamar yadda yake a fili daga lakabi, yanayi mai tsanani ya sa hukuncin kotu ya fi ƙarfin.

Kotun, a halin da ake ciki, na neman gyara iyakar da doka ta bayar game da aikata laifi.