Competition a Jamus. Competition a Jamus 1936

A Tarurrukan na zamani gasar wasannin Olympics ta taka muhimmiyar rawa Faransa zamantakewa himmar aiki, malama Per De Kuberten. A cikin 'yan tarihi, na farko gasa da aka gudanar a 1896 a Athens. Dama za ta karbi bakuncin XI wasan a shekarar 1931 samu Jamus. Shi ne mai girma taron domin da Jamus, wanda alama kasar koma duniya al'umma bayan shan kashi a yakin duniya na farko.

Brief Historical Fage

Ya kamata ka ce a farkon talifin cewa a Jamus, saboda da musamman m ci gaba na tarihi, akwai taba guda canzawa tawagar. Tare da sauran jihohin kasar halarci taron a birnin Athens. A na gaba hudu gasar wasannin Olympics ta sa hannu na Jamus ya faru mun gwada smoothly. Amma daga baya halin da ake ciki ya canza. A 1920, da gasar a Antwerp da kuma 1924 a birnin Paris, da Jamus da aka ba shigar. Dalilin shi da kindling na yakin duniya na farko. Dan kadan inganta halin da ake ciki a interwar lokaci. Jamus samu ba kawai da damar shiga a cikin gasanni, amma kuma ya zama iyayengijinsu. Summer wasanni sun kasance a Berlin, hunturu - a cikin wannan shekara a Garmisch-Partenkirchen.

Summer Olympics a Berlin.

The yanke shawara cewa za a gudanar da gasar Olympics a Nazi Jamus, aka yanke shawarar a shekarar 1931 - kamar wata shekaru kafin Nazis zo da wuta. International gasa da Jamus kokarin amfani da matsayin wajen farfaganda. Bisa ga ra'ayin, kasashen waje da 'yan wasa takara a wasanni, dole ne sun ji ya insignificance. Amma wannan bai faru ba. 1936 Olympics a Jamus, ana kiransa "wasanni na Owen." Yana da wannan American dan wasa ya iya lashe akwai huɗu na zinariya da kuma zama mafi nasara dan wasa na gasar. Nazi gwamnati, saboda haka, ya shigar da halin kirki shan kashi. Duk da haka, duk da dukan siyasa vicissitudes, akwai m lokacin. Alal misali, da bude daga cikin wasanni a Berlin, aka watsa shirye-shirye live on talabijin.

Gasa kamar farfaganda na fi sani da Naziyanci

The gwamnatin kasar Jamus za ta yi duk abin da zuwa Olympics a Jamus ya da zanga-zanga na duniya nasarori, wanda ya sanya kasar karkashin Hitler. Ya jagoranci duk shiri ayyuka Yozef Gebbels - Ministan farfaganda. A dukan hanya na kasa da kasa da wasanni da aka dage farawa daga cikin babban daki-daki, kuma aka yi wa ado da wani mataki mai zuwa da cewa lokaci sikelin. A wani lokaci da aka gina Tsarin cewa dace da latest a lokacin da fasaha da kuma kira da bukatun, ciki har da ciki har da Berlin filin wasan zuwa dubu 100. Kallo. Masauki na mahalarta-maza kwashe a wani musamman gina Olympic kauyen. Ya kamata a lura, baya ya zama abin koyi ga duk gaba da irin wannan wurare. The Olympic Village an da tunanin fitar ababen more rayuwa: akwai asibitoci, gidan waya, banki, concert babban dakunan taruwa, sauna. 'Yan wasan da aka sanya a waje na kauye, dadi Apartments. A cikin anti-Semitic farfaganda da aka tsaya a lokacin wasanni. Duk da haka, a cikin Bugu da kari da gasar Olympics, titunan birnin Berlin a matsayin fata da kuma amfani da Nazi alamomin. Duk da tsohon gine-gine da aka gyara, da birnin da aka kawo cikakken tsari.

Winter gasar Olympics a Jamus

Gasannin da aka za'ayi a Garmisch-Partenkirchen. Ya kamata a ce cewa wannan Bavarian gari ya bayyana godiya ga Olympics. Shekara guda kafin wannan babban abu ya ci biyu ƙauyuka - Garmisch Partenkirchen. Don wannan rana, a birnin da aka raba ta dogo da kuma alaka ta hanyar wani ɓangare na tafiya a ƙasa da kuma mota Tunnels cewa wuce a karkashin reluwe. Competition a Jamus na 1940 zai iya daukar wuri a can da. Amma da wasanni da aka soke saboda barkewar yakin duniya na biyu.

Kauracewa na International gasar

A mamayar Nazi akida, da yarjejeniyoyin da 'yancin walwala da kuma' yancin, m tsananta Social Democrats, Kwaminisancin da sauran adawa, kazalika da anti-Semitic dokokin sun bar babu shakka a kama yanayi da m, wariyar launin fata yanayin da Hitler tsarin mulki. Rayayye faruwa yi na maida hankali sansani, biyu daga wanda - a Sachsenhausen (kusa Oranienburg) da kuma Dachau (kusa Munich) ya gudanar da fursunoni. By 1935, da shekara tara gwamnatin kasar Jamus da aka gabatar conscription. Nazi dakarunta suka shiga cikin Rhineland (soji a lokacin) Maris 7, 1936. Wannan taron shi ne kai tsaye take hakkin na Versailles yarjejeniyar. A cikin watan Yuni 1936, Paris shirya wani taron kasa da kasa. Duk da mahalarta gane cewa gudanar da gasar a Jamus ƙasa ne m da ka'idojin da wasanni da kansu. A taron da aka ƙarshe kira ga kauracewa gasar. The International kwamitin wasannin Olympics, a mayar da martani ga wani request aika zuwa na musamman hukumar a Berlin. A kimantawa da halin da ake ciki, masana sun ba a sami wani abu da cewa a kowace hanya saba wa Olympic ka'idojin.

sikelin gasa

Wasannin Olympics a Jamus ya shirya 49 teams. The domin na 4 dubu da 'yan wasa, ciki har da fiye da 300 mata suka yi yãƙi, a cikin 129 iri lambar yabo. The most tawagar da aka wakilta Jamus. Akwai 406 da 'yan wasa. Na biyu mafi girma yawan mahalarta ya kasance da Amurka tawagar da 312 da 'yan wasa. Jamus dauki bangare a kowane irin gasa. Don soothe ra'ayin jama'a a cikin tawagar ya kasance daya poluevreyka - Helene Mayer, wasan takobi. Ta lashe lambar zinariya a 1928 da kuma a 1932 ya koma Amurka. Amma a Olympics a Berlin, ya yi a matsayin memba na Jamus tawagar. Bayan gasar, Mayer koma zuwa Amurka, da kuma ta kawu, da Nazis aika zuwa wani taro sansanin, inda ya rasu a cikin gas jam'iyya. Wasannin Olympics a Jamus 1936 da aka gudanar ba tare da sa hannu na Tarayyar Soviet. A gasar da aka samu halartar game da mutane miliyan uku, a Berlin, ciki har da miliyan biyu yawon bude ido daga kasashe daban-daban. A cewar daban-daban kimomi cikin shakka daga cikin na gaba babban wasanni miliyan 300. Man. Wasannin Olympics a Jamus, kamar yadda aka ce, ya zama na farko a cikin tarihin na kasa da kasa gasa, wadda aka watsa shirye-shirye live. A Berlin, babban fuska (total 25) aka shigar ga na gama Viewing wasanni.

jabu Goebbels

Duk wanda ya zo a 1936 zuwa Berlin, ciki har da mutane da yawa da 'yan jarida, wanda ya wakilci kafofin watsa labarai na duniya duka, ya ga Nazi Jamus lumana, gaba-neman, gaisuwa kasar, mutanen da suke son Hitler. Kuma da anti-Semitic farfaganda, wanda aka sosai rubuta game da duniya ta edition da jũna a labari. Sa'an nan kuma akwai kadan shiryayye 'yan jarida suka lura duk wannan farce. Saboda haka, misali, shi ne Uilyam Shirer - American labaru, kuma daga baya wani sananne tarihi. A 'yan kwanaki bayan wasan, ya rubuta cewa Berlin kyalkyali ne kawai facade zuwa boye a baya azzaluman, wariyar launin fata laifi tsarin mulki. Lokacin da gasar Olympics a Jamus 1936 ƙare, Hitler ya ci gaba da aiwatar da su ba na mutum ba tsare-tsaren na Jamus fadada, aka sabunta zalunci da kuma tsananta wa Yahudawa. Kuma a cikin 1939, na farko da na Satumba, "zaman lafiya da sada zumunci da" shirya na kasa da kasa wasanni fara da 2 nd duniya yaki, a cikin abin da dubun miliyoyin mutanen da aka kashe.

Sakamako na gasar

Standout wasanni a kan yawan kyautuka lashe kasance da Jamusanci tawagar. Jamus 'yan wasa ya dauki 89 lambar yabo, ciki har da zinariya - 33 azurfa - 26 tagulla - 30. A mafi kyau daga cikin tawagar da aka gane da Conrad Toya - ɗan motsa jiki. Ya lashe daya da azurfa, da zinariya, da uku da biyu lambobin tagulla. A cewar da yawa masana tarihi, da nasara wasan kwaikwayon na Jamus da 'yan wasa saboda da yin amfani da roba testosterone, wanda aka ci gaba a 1935. A na biyu wuri a cikin gasar wasannin duniya da aka Amirka tawagar. 'Yan wasan daga Amurka lashe 56 lambar yabo: tagulla 12 azurfa - da zinariya 20 - 24. A duniya al'umma da aka tuna da na dogon lokaci span, wanda bakuncin gasar Olympics a Jamus. 1938 shi ne na farko hujja da cewa. Afrilu 20 (Hitler ranar haihuwar) a kan fuska da shirin da aka saki, "Olympia". A farko dare da aka keɓe wa International Olympics a Berlin. Ya directed fim Leni Refenshtal. The "Olympia" an aiwatar da wani yawan movie effects, directing da sadarwarka dabarun da daga baya ya zama don amfani a cikin aikin da sauran kinozhanrov maye. Duk da cewa da "Olympia" yana dauke da kwararru da yawa da mafi kyau tef na wasanni, a lokacin da ka duba shi dole ne a lura da cewa dukan film wani irin "take" Nazi motsi da Hitler da kaina.