Cikakkar sifili zazzabi - kwayoyin motsi ƙarshe batu

Kalmar "zazzabi" ya bayyana a lokacin da lissafin kimiyya zaton dumi jikuna an hada da mafi takamaiman abu - caloric - wannan jiki, amma sanyi. Kuma da zazzabi da aka bi da matsayin darajar m ga adadin caloric a cikin jiki. Tun da yawan zafin jiki na wani jikin da aka auna a digiri. Amma a gaskiya shi ne ma'auni na sanadin motsi makamashi na motsi kwayoyin, da kuma, a kan wannan hasashe, ya kamata a auna a joules, bisa ga SI raka'a.

Kalmar "cikakkar sifili zazzabi" ya zo daga ka'idar Thermodynamics ta biyu. A cewar shi da zafi miƙa mulki daga sanyi don zafi jiki ba zai yiwu ba. Wannan ra'ayi da aka gabatar ta Birtaniya likita William Thomson. Shi ga nasarori a kimiyyar lissafi, Sarauniyar Ingila aka sanya a Jaruman Nasara "Ubangiji" da take "Baron Kelvin." A 1848 g. Thomson (Ubangijinka Kelvin) samarwa don amfani da zazzabi sikelin, a cikin abin da masomin samu cikakkar sifili zazzabi m ga sanyi da iyaka da kuma sikelin division dauki digiri Celsius. A naúrar na Kelvin zafin jiki ne 1/27316 sulusi da murabba'i sau uku batu na ruwa (game 0 deg. C), Ina nufin da yawan zafin jiki a da ruwa mai tsarkakẽwa da aka adana sau daya a cikin siffofi uku: kankara, ruwa ruwa da tururi. Cikakkar sifili zazzabi - ne m yiwu mafi ƙasƙanci zazzabi a wanda kwayoyin motsi tsaya da abu na ƙara yiwu cire da thermal makamashi. Tun daga nan, sikelin da cikakkar zazzabi da aka mai suna da sunansa.

A zafin jiki ne auna a kan daban-daban Sikeli

Da aka fi amfani da zazzabi sikelin da ake kira "da Celsius sikelin." An gina a kan maki biyu a kan lokaci mika mulki zafin jiki na ruwa ruwa zuwa cikin tururi da kuma ruwa cikin kankara. A. Celsius a 1742, samarwa a nesa tsakanin tunani da maki kasu kashi 100 jinkiri kuma tafasar batu na cikin ruwa dauka a matsayin sifili, da kuma sanyinsu na 100 digiri. Amma da Swede Linnaeus samarwa yi haka ba. Tun da ruwa freezes a Zero digiri Celsius AA. Ko da yake daidai Celsius ya kamata tafasa. Cikakkar sifili Celsius yayi dace da debe 273,16 digiri Celsius.

Akwai da dama da zazzabi Sikeli: Fahrenheit, Reaumur, Rankine, Newton, Roemer. Bã su da daban-daban tunani da maki kuma farashin division. Alal misali hawansa Reaumur Frames ne ma ya gina a kan tafasar da sanyinsu na ruwa, amma shi yana da 80 kashi kashi. Fahrenheit sikelin, wanda ya bayyana a cikin 1724, a yi amfani da rayuwar yau da kullum ne kawai a wasu sassa na duniya, incl USA ... reference maki: daya - cakuda kankara ruwa zazzabi - ammonia da sauran - jikin mutum. A sikelin ne zuwa kashi ɗaya da ɗari graduations. Zero yayi dace 32 Celsius digiri Fahrenheit. Translation digiri Fahrenheit za a iya yi bisa ga dabara: F = 1,8 C + 32. Baya Translation: C = (F - 32) / 1.8, inda: F - digiri Fahrenheit, C - digiri Centigrade. Idan kun kasance ma m don ƙidaya, zuwa online sabis fassara Celsius zuwa Fahrenheit. A wani firam, rubuta da yawan digiri Celsius, latsa "lissafi" button, zaɓi "Fahrenheit" kuma latsa "Fara". A sakamakon zai bayyana nan da nan.

Rankine sikelin da aka mai suna a cikin girmamawa ga Turanci (ko kuma wajen Scottish) likita William J .. Rankin, wanda yake zamani na Calvin, kuma daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa Technical Thermodynamics. A ta sikelin uku da muhimmanci da maki: farkon - cikakkar sifili sanyinsu na ruwa 491,67 digiri Rankine da kuma wani ruwa mai zãfi 671,67 digiri. Yawan rarrabuwa tsakanin misãlin ruwa da kuma ta tafasar da kuma a Rankin, kuma shi ne 180 Fahrenheit.

Yawancin wadannan ma'aunan ne na musamman kimiyyar lissafi. Kuma 40% na weights a cikin wadannan kwanaki na American dalibai digiri na biyu azuzuwan sun ce ba su san abin da cikakkar sifili zazzabi.