Canal na Panama (shekarar binciken shine shekara ta 1914): wani ruwa mai wucin gadi wanda ke haɗa Pacific da Atlantic Ocean

Na labarin kasa Hakika mun san cewa da Panama Canal ne daya daga cikin manyan ruwa sufuri hanyoyi interconnecting da Pacific da kuma Atlantic tekuna. Ya gicciye wannan isthmus a cikin mafi ƙasƙanci part. A sakamakon sakamakon titan, hanya tsakanin teku da dama ta ragu ƙwarai, misali, daga San Francisco zuwa New York daga kilomita 24,300 zuwa 10,700 km. Canal na Panama (shekara ta 1914) tana da tsawon kilomita 81, kuma lokacin sassaucin shi kusan kimanin takwas.

Wannan tashar, tare da Kiel da Suez, suna da matsayi na duniya kuma za a iya amfani dashi daidai da ka'idodin dokokin duniya da ka'idodi da aka sani, da kuma dokokin ƙasa na ƙasar da ta zama. Yana da shekaru 95 da haihuwa. Kuma ana iya mamaye Canal Panama (shekarar da aka gano shekarar 1914, ko da yake ya bayyana) tun farkon karni na sha shida.

A cikin tsawon lokaci daga 1534 zuwa 1823, ra'ayin gina shi ya rikitar da zukatan gwamnatin kasar Spain. Ya sake yin bincike mai zurfi a kan wannan yanki, yana gina gine-gine don gina / gina canal, mai mahimmanci gicciye ga duk ta hanyar isthmus. A 1814, Mutanen Espanya sun bayar da doka mai dacewa. Amma a shekara ta 1823 sun rasa dukkanin mazauninsu a Kudancin Kudancin Amirka da kuma watsar da shirinsu. Shekaru 50 masu zuwa, bincike da ayyukan sun kasance a cikin British, Amirkawa, Faransanci da Yaren mutanen Holland. A ƙarshe, kamfani na Faransa ya sami damar da ya dace don ginawa da ƙaddamarwa har tsawon shekaru 99. Haka ya faru a 1876, da kuma bayan shekaru uku da kamfanin da aka dauka a kan ta jami'in diflomasiyyar Ferdinand de Lesseps, injiniya da gini na Suez Canal, ya buɗe don Maritime bit baya - Nuwamba 17, 1869.

Kamfanin Lesseps baya baya ya fadi, aka kafa gwamnati ta fatara, kuma a 1904 an sayar da kamfanin zuwa gwamnatin Amurka don dolar Amirka miliyan 40. {Asar Amirka sun amince da Panama, game da harkar har abada na yankin tashar jiragen ruwa, da kuma gina Canal na Panama ya fara. Shekara ta budewa, shekara ta 1914, ya nuna ƙarshen shekaru 11 da ya yi ƙoƙarin yin aiki da kuma aikinsa kuma ya nuna yadda jihar ta fahimci fahimtar ra'ayin. An adadin yawan adadin - $ 220.

A sakamakon haka, ƙofar da ke mataki shida a kan Isthmus na Panama daga tashar jiragen ruwa na Cristobal a cikin Atlantic har zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa na Balboa a kan tekun Pacific, a cikin shugabanci daga arewa maso yamma zuwa kudu maso gabashin, ya haifar. Tsawon tashar, kamar yadda aka ambata, yana da kilomita 80, 42 daga cikinsu akwai gado mai wucin gadi da ƙulle. Tsawon ɗakunan ɗakunan suna mita 305, nisa - 33 da rabi. Irin wannan yanayin yana ba da damar 85% na jiragen ruwa masu amfani da ke aiki a duk fadin duniya don shiga.

Jirgin farko ya wuce ta ranar 15 ga Agustan shekara ta 1914, amma an bude bude tashar Panama a ranar 12 ga Yuni, 1920, bayan haka ya shiga aikin.

Yanzu jiragen ruwa sun daina bukatar yin tafiya a Cape Horn da kuma Dama na Magellan, wanda aka yi mahimman hanyoyin da suka shafi teku. Shekarar bude bude Canal na Panama shine farkon wani sabon yanayi a kewayawa na wannan yankin. Tsakanin nisa tsakanin yammacin gabas da gabashin Kanada da Amurka, tsakanin Far East da Amurka, da tsakanin ƙasashen Latin Amurka da kanta an rage sau 2-3.

Kamar yadda farkon shekarun 1920, Panama ya fara yin ƙoƙari don canja wurin tashar zuwa ikonsa. An gudanar da wannan tsari a cikin matakai, shekaru masu yawa, kuma ya ƙare ne kawai a ranar 31 ga Disamba, 1999, lokacin da Panama Canal (shekarar da aka gano a shekara ta 1914, wato, a cikin shekaru 85) ya sami cikakkiyar 'yancin kai.