Butadiene nitrile rubber: kaddarorin, samarwa, aikace-aikace

Butadiene-nitrile Rubber (BNK) shine babban nau'i na kayan albarkatun kasa don samar da nau'o'in roba tare da tsinkaya na tsawon lokaci. Wannan wani abu ne na polymer da aka samu ta hanyar copolymerization na butadiene tare da acrylonitrile (NAC). Ana iya kiran shi nitrile, divinyl nitrile, butadiene-acrylonitrile rubbers ko butacryl. A cikin ƙasashen duniya an ladafta wannan abu a cikin NBR (nitrile-butadienerubber), a cikin tsarin gida - SKN (rubber nitrile rubber).

Inda ya dace

Wannan nau'in roba ne mafi yawancin amfani da shi a wa] annan masana'antu inda mafi tsayayyar juriya ga kayayyakin samfurori zuwa yanayin halayen haɗari na da muhimmanci. Babban muhimmancin irin waɗannan nau'o'in butadiene-nitrile rubber, kamar yadda yake da high elasticity da ƙananan ƙarancin jiki. An yi amfani da wannan abu a cikin samar da abubuwa masu rubber wanda ke da haɗakar kai tsaye tare da kayan aiki mai banƙyama - yana iya zama nau'i na takalma, gaskets, rawanin katako, man fetur da man fetur, belts din, tankunan man fetur, jiragen sama da masana'antun man fetur Wasu kayayyakin.

Ayyukan da aka sanya akan wannan roba, kada ka ƙara a cikin taya mai yalwa, gurɓataccen ruwa da ruwa. Wasu nau'o'in irin wannan kayan anyi su ne na kayan lantarki da na yadudduka na caba, waɗanda suke da ƙarfin gaske da karko. An yi amfani da shi a cikin samar da wasu adhesives, masu sintiri da taro. Rubber shine dalilin da ake samar da adhesives.

Yaushe kuma a ina ne wannan roba ya bayyana?

An ƙirƙirar rubutun butadiene-nitrile a 1934 a Jamus. A wannan lokacin, masana kimiyyar Jamus sun kirkiro wani abu mai mahimmanci kuma sun sanya shi a cikin sunan Buna-N. A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, sabon abu ya zama sananne a cikin masana'antu.

Saboda rashin kayan albarkatun kasa, jagorancin shugaban Amurka ya kaddamar da shirin na musamman, ya hada da ci gaba da bunkasa kayan aikin butadiene-nitrile rubber da sauran kayayyakin kayan ado na kayan ado. An kira kayan da aka samar a karkashin wannan shirin GR-N. Yau BNK ya zama daya daga cikin rubutun da ake buƙata don dalilai na musamman. An yi shi a kasashe fiye da 20.

Hanyar BNK

Irin wannan kayan na samuwa ta hanyar tsarin polymerization a cikin wani emulsion mai ruwa. Ana aiwatar da tsari duka a yanayin zafi da zafi. Ma'aikatan da suka fi dacewa don samar da su sune 1.3 da acrylonitrile (NAC), sun haɗu da wani rabo. Wadannan abubuwa basu dogara akan zafin jiki ba. Da yake la'akari da ka'idojin copolymerization na lissafi, ya kamata a lura da cewa wannan nau'i na monomers ya kamata sun mallaki dukiya na abun da ke azeotropic wanda ya ƙunshi kusan 40% acrylonitrile a cikin cakuda monomers.

A cikin samar da wannan nau'in roba, akwai buƙatar ƙarin tsarkakewa a yayin da ake amfani da magunguna masu amfani da polymerization. A cikin rubutun da aka samar, an yarda da adadin ƙwayar ma'adinai da ƙananan ƙazanta (ba fiye da 1%) ba. Za su iya cika da masu launi ko wadanda ba su da kyau.

Mene ne BNC?

A cikin kasarmu, rubutun irin wadannan nau'in irin su butadiene-nitrile rubber-18 (SKN-18), butadiene-nitrile rubber-26 (SKN-26) da kuma nitrile rubber-40 (SKN-40) an samar. Lissafin ƙididdiga a digiri yana nuna yawan adadin acrylonitrile a cikin polymers. Suna iya ƙunsar, bi da bi, 18, 26 ko 40% nitrile acrylic acid.

Canza yawan adadin nau'in sinadirai, za ku iya cimma nau'ikan kaddarorin da aka samo. Dangane da yawan acrylonitrile, kaddarorin rubbers na iya bambanta da wuya, dan dan man fetur, da haɓakar man fetur. Kashi na NAC yana rinjayar tasirin da aka tsara na tsarin gine-gine. Wannan lamari ne wanda ke shafar amfani da nitrile rubber a wasu yankunan tattalin arzikin kasa. Duk da haka, an yi amfani da shi azaman abu mai mahimmanci don samar da samfuran masana'antu na masana'antu.

Abubuwa mara kyau na kayan

Duk da cewa kayayyakin samfurori da aka gina tare da Bugu da ƙari na BNK sun ƙunshi dukkanin matakan sifofi masu kyau (ƙarfin da ƙarfin da ke ciki, ƙaddamarwa, tsayayya da raguwa da abrasion, mai kyau man fetur da haɓurwar man fetur), wannan abu yana da wasu haɓaka.

Tsarin yanayin yanayin aiki, wanda ya haɗa da karuwa a cikin saurin hanyoyin da rashin man fetur, yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa abubuwa masu caba zasu iya aiki a yanayin zafi har zuwa digiri na +150. Yayin da yanayin aiki ya taso sama da wannan darajar, gyare-gyare da kuma lalata rubbers da aka gina a kan BNC na faruwa. A wasu kalmomi, mai raɗaɗi mai zafi yana da wuya da kuma raguwa.

Halin tasirin yanayin zafi kuma yana da mummunar tasiri a kan samfurori, a cikin aikin samar da rubutun butadiene-nitrile. Mafi mahimmanci a gare su ana dauke da yawan zafin jiki ba a kasa -35 ° C.

Sauye-gyaren zamani na rubbers

Don ƙirƙirar samfurori tare da ƙwayar mahimmanci na kyawawan abubuwa, ana amfani da gyare-gyare na zamani na rubbers. Daya daga cikin abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin gyare-gyare sunada rubutun butadiene-nitrile. Suna da kyawawan kayan fasahar fasaha na daban-daban na samar da roba.

Rubber, wanda aka sanya a kan rubbers-modified rubbers, ya ba da ƙarin alamun barga don yanayin tsayayya (har zuwa -50 digiri) da kuma matsanancin yanayin aiki har zuwa +160 digiri. Ya fi kwarewa ga samfurori da aka yi akan asadiene-nitrile rubutun, juriya da lalata da kuma maganin juriya. Yana da kyakkyawar tsayayya ga tasirin da ake yi na tasiri mai rikici. Duk da haka, wannan roba ba karfi ba ne kuma na roba. Saboda haka, don inganta kayan fasaha na kayan abu, ana amfani dashi da yawa a hade tare da nau'ikan iri na butadiene-nitrile.

Vulcanization

An aiwatar da tsarin yaduwar cutar butadiene-nitrile tare da sulfur, da thiuram, peroxides peroxides, alkylphenol-formaldehyde resins da kuma mahaukaciyar organochlorine. Yanayin zafin jiki zai iya bambanta daga 140 zuwa 190 ° Celsius. A lokacin wannan tsari, babban fili mai cin gashin kai ya bayyana. Ƙarin abun ciki na NAC na inganta ƙãra a cikin ƙimar basira. Ana kyautata darajar rubutun da aka samo asali daga nauyin halayen masu ƙwayar cuta.

Properties

Abubuwan mallakar BNCs sun tabbatar da abun ciki na acrylonitrile. Irin wannan rubbers ne mai saukin soluble a cikin ketones, wasu maganin hydrocarbon da esters. Aliphatic hydrocarbons da barasa ba su da tasiri a kan rushe rukuni na butadiene-nitrile. Ƙarawa a cikin abun da ke ciki na kayan abu acrylonitrile yana bunkasa aikin sulhu tsakanin sassan polymer: mafi yawan NAK a cikin abun da ke cikin abu, wanda ya fi girma da karfin yawan zazzabi na karuwa. Ƙarin abun ciki na NAC ya rage dabi'un diban, ya rage digiri na solubility a cikin ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta kuma yana inganta karuwa a cikin juriya na juriya a cikin hydrocarbons aliphatic.

Dangane da ƙaddamar da polymerization na roba, ana iya samar da shi da nau'i-nau'i nau'ikan nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i. Suna iya zama:

• Ƙarshe mai tsanani (girman kai bisa ga Defo 21.5 - 27.5 N). A yayin da ake yin alama irin wannan roba, ana ƙara wasika "T" zuwa sunansa.
• Hard (girman kai bisa ga Defo 17.5 - 21.5 N).
• Soft (tsagewa bisa ga Defo 7.5 - 11.5 N). Lokacin da ake lakafta irin wannan roba, ana ƙara wasika "M" zuwa sunansa.

Ga BNK, aka haɓaka tare da haɓakar alkyl sulfonates a matsayin mawallafa, an rubuta harafin "C" zuwa alamar. Alal misali, SKN-26MS wani roba mai laushi wanda 26% na NAK mai ɗaure ne a halin yanzu kuma an yi amfani da mai kwakwalwa na alkyl sulfonate mai kwakwalwa a cikin shiri.