Brachiocephalic akwati: manufar and definition

manufar "brachiocephalic akwati" da aka saki a cikin ilimin halittàr jiki da mutane da kuma dabbobi. Yau bari mu magana game da wannan a cikin mafi daki-daki.

janar ra'ayi

Sunan wannan jiki yayi magana don kansa. Brachiocephalic akwati motsa daga lakã a tsakiyar line na sternum. Ya sa'an nan hawa sama à, sa'an nan ajiye, da kuma a matakin acromioclavicular hadin gwiwa ne zuwa kashi biyu jijiyoyi. Located a gaban trachea, wanda a yara da aka rufe da thymus gland shine yake, kuma yana da kananan tsawon na uku zuwa hudu santimita.

Jarirai sau da yawa ya yi musayarsu tsefaladu a kan sternoklavikulyarnuyu sanarwa akan abinda a gaban alwatika na wuyansa.

Gangar jikin na mutum

A cikin mutane, wannan jiki yana da tsarin aka bayyana a sama. Shi ne yawanci short da kuma m jirgin ruwa, wanda rassan cikin biyu dama jijiya cewa a garesu - dama da kuma gaban - an rufe ta pleura. A hagu sashi na jikin mutum na da jijiya a can. In ba haka ba, da jirgin ruwa kira brachycephalic akwati (daga Latin sunan) ko innominate jijiya.

Mutumin da ganga brachiocephalic batun wasu cututtuka. Daga cikin su akwai wadannan:

• Atherosclerosis (jari na cholesterol, da kitsen a ciki ganuwar da arteries).
• haihuwa lahani.
• hemangioma (benign ƙari da cewa tasowa daga kananan jini).
• jijiya rauni.
• aneurysms (fadada lumen ne biyu sau ko fiye).
• occlusive rauni baka rassan (warwarewarsu jijiyoyin bugun gini permeability, wadda take kaiwa zuwa ischemia na kwakwalwa da kuma extremities (babba)).

Idan kana da matsaloli tare da jirgin ruwa ya kamata a koma ga jijiyoyin bugun gini tiyata.

A akwati daga cikin dabbobin

brachiocephalic akwati tiyata su gaba. Ya bambanta daga mutum cewa an directed zuwa ƙofar zuwa cikin akwati kogo, da kuma can riga ne zuwa kashi biyu hagu arteries (a adam dama). Wannan na faruwa a matakin na biyu thoracic vertebra.

A wasu dabbobi, kamar karnuka da aladu, brachiocephalic akwati akwai, maimakon shi - biyu bar arteries cewa su fito daga cikin aortic baka. Daga daya daga cikin jijiyoyi, da ake kira brachiocephalic, tashi da carotid arteries, wanda kawo jini ga shugaban dabbobi. A togiya ne mai doki cewa yana da wani 'yan kananan jijiyoyi tashi daga gare ta.

Brachiocephalic akwati samar da jini ga shugaban, wuyansa, kirji reshe daga cikin kirji bango.

A wasu lokuta, wannan kara zuwa kasa daga cikin thyroid gland shine yake ne na baya thyroid jijiya. Saboda gangar jikin za a iya cika da rashin ko babu daya daga cikin thyroid tasoshin.

akwati rassan

Domin sallame na tasoshin daga subclavian arteries da jinsunan takamaiman bambance-bambance. Daga jijiya suka tashi da wadannan rassan:

• Haƙarƙari-mahaifa akwati SUPPLiES jini da tsokoki na wuyansa, kuma bushe. Tafi tare da arteries kamar zurfin mahaifa vertebral da kuma (a cikin dabbobi da aladu) ko kuma kawai na farko na su (dabbobi masu cin nama). A dawakai, da akwati ne mai zaman kanta reshe.
• Deep mahaifa jijiya SUPPLiES da "extensors" kai da wuya. Diverges a cikin wuyansa tsokoki, ta girman kwanyar shugabanci. A wuyansa, kazalika da kashin baya reshe siffofin da wani biyu na biyu. A alade da kare, wannan jijiya ne wani reshe na haƙarƙari-mahaifa akwati.
• Vertebral jijiya ne tururi. Har ila yau, directed cranially. Kai atalas, saki reshe na tsokoki da kuma laka da ke ta cikin rami a farko mahaifa vertebra (atalas) da kuma wuyansa na dabba siffofin manyan kwarara hanya (kira collaterals). A cikin dabbõbin ni'ima motsa tare da sama da aka ambata rassan. A dabbobi masu cin nama shi ne na farko jini jirgin ruwa, wanda ya tafi daga subclavian jijiya.
• Plechesheynaya jijiya (in ba haka ba da aka sani da waje mahaifa jijiya) damar wuyansa tsokoki da jini, dewlap kuma ƙofar zuwa cikin kirji. A alade motsa daga kanta thyroid akwati.
• A ciki da kuma m thoracic jijiya. A ciki surface ne directed caudal ga sternum, da ta je ta bakwai hakarkarinsa da cokula masu yatsotsi. Ta karshe jirgin ruwa da aka gabatar musculo-diaphragmatic jijiya. Bugu da ari sauka da kayayyaki jini zuwa kogon ciki tsokoki, da aladu da kuma dabbobi masu cin nama ma mammary gland shine yake. Outdoor jijiya bypasses farko haƙarƙari kuma rassan zurfi a cikin ƙirjinka tsoka. Wannan jijiya ne wajen talauci ci gaba.

Next brachiocephalic akwati dabbobi, da gudana Hagu arteries zama da axillary jijiya. Su ne babban tushen jinin samar da thoracic wata gabar jiki.