Bile: abun da ke ciki da kuma dukiyoyinsu. A sunadarai abun da ke ciki na bile

Bile - wani samfurin na aiki na hepatocytes (hanta Kwayoyin). Daban-daban nazarin nuna cewa ba da taimakon bile a cikin narkewa abinci ba zai iya zama al'ada aiki na gastrointestinal fili. Cuta faruwa ba kawai narkewa kamar tsari amma kuma metabolism, idan wani matsalar aiki na samfur ya auku a cikin halitta ko ya canza abun da ke ciki.

Mene ne bile?

Wannan narkewa kamar ruwan 'ya'yan itace, wanda aka samar da hanta. Ana amfani da zarar ko ajiye a cikin gallbladder. Alama ta biyu muhimmanci fasali na ilimin aiki ruwa. ta:

• Ya taimaka da narkewa daga fats da su sha a cikin hanji.
• Yana daukan sharar kayayyakin daga jini.

jiki Properties

Bile ne mai arziki mutum yellowish launi, wadda ke cikin wani greenish ruwan kasa (saboda da bazuwar na dyes). Shi ne m, fiye ko žasa da danko sosai dangane da tsawon na zama lokaci a cikin gallbladder. Yana yana da karfi m dandano, wani wari, da kuma bayan wani tsaya a cikin gallbladder ne alkaline. Its musamman nauyi ne kamar 1005 a bile ducts, amma shi zai iya girma zuwa 1030 bayan wani dogon zaman a cikin gall mafitsara, dangane da Bugu da kari wasu aka gyara na gamsai.

aka gyara

Bile, wanda tsari ne da wani abun da ke ciki na wadannan kayan: ruwa (85%), bile salts (10%), gamsai kuma pigments (3%), mai (1%), inorganic salts (0.7%), kuma cholesterol (0.3%) adana a cikin gall mafitsara da kuma bayan wani abinci jefa a cikin kananan hanji via da bile bututu.

Akwai hanta da kuma gallbladder bile, abun da ke ciki shi ne guda, amma daban-daban yawa. A lokacin da a ta binciken gano wadannan abubuwa:

• ruwa.
• bile acid da kuma su salts.
• bilirubin.
• cholesterol.
• lecithin.
• sodium, potassium, chlorine, alli.
• bicarbonates.

A 6 sau da gallbladder bile salts da bile acid fiye da a cikin hanta.

bile acid

A sunadarai abun da ke ciki na bile yafi wakilta bile acid. Kira na wadannan kayan ne babban yanayin da catabolism na cholesterol a cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa da kuma mutum. Wasu daga cikin sunadaran enzymes da hannu a cikin ci gaban da bile acid, suna aiki, a da yawa iri Kwayoyin a cikin jiki, amma hanta - ne kawai Gabar inda su ne cikakken canji. Bile acid (su kira) ne daya daga cikin rinjaye sunadaran don tukar tumbi da matsanancin yawa daga cholesterol.

Duk da haka, tukar tumbi da cholesterol a matsayin bile acid ne kasa gaba daya neutralize da suka wuce haddi shigar da abinci. Ko da yake da samuwar wadannan abubuwa ne hanya cholesterol catabolism, wadannan mahadi ma suna da muhimmanci a cikin solubilization na cholesterol, lipids, mai-mai narkewa bitamin da kuma sauran dole abubuwa, haka gudanarwa da su isar zuwa hanta. A gaba dayan samuwar sake zagayowar na bile acid na bukatar 17 mutum enzymes. Mutane da yawa bile acid metabolites ne cytotoxic jamiái, don haka su kira dole ne a tam sarrafawa. Wasu inborn kurakurai na metabolism suna lalacewa ta hanyar m genes alhakin kira na bile acid, wadda take kaiwa zuwa hanta gazawar a farkon lokacin kuruciya da kuma adult m neuropathy.

Recent karatu sun nuna cewa bile acid suna da hannu a cikin tsari na da kansa metabolism, tsara sia metabolism da kuma glucose metabolism ke da alhakin kula da daban-daban matakai a cikin hanta farfadowa, kazalika da tsara jimlar makamashi amfani.

asali ayyuka

Mutane da yawa daban-daban abubuwa dauke da bile. Its abun da ke ciki shi ne irin wannan cewa ba shi da da enzymes a cikin wasu narkewa kamar juices daga ciki. Maimakon haka, shi kunshi yafi na bile salts da kuma acid, wanda zai iya zama:

• Emulsify fats da kuma rushe su a cikin kananan barbashi.

• Don taimaka jiki sha da rashin lafiya kayayyakin da kitsen a cikin hanji. Salts na bile acid kisa to lipids da aka sa'an nan tunawa a cikin jini.

Wani muhimmin aiki na bile shi ne cewa shi yana dauke da halakar ja jini Kwayoyin. Wannan shi ne bilirubin, kuma ana samar a cikin jiki zuwa rabu da haihuwa ja da maikacin jini, haemoglobin-arziki. Bile kuma transports wuce haddi cholesterol. Yana ba wai kawai shi ne samfurin hanta mugunya, amma kuma nuna daban-daban guba abubuwa.

Yaya ta yi aiki?

Tsare abun da ke ciki da kuma bile aiki sa shi ya yi aiki a matsayin mai surfactant, taimaka wa emulsify fats a cikin abinci a cikin wannan hanya a matsayin sabulu dissolves maiko. Bile salts da hydrophobic da wani hydrophilic karshen. Lokacin da fallasa su ruwa, gauraye da kitsen a cikin kananan hanji, bile salts tara a kusa da man drop da kuma daura da duka biyu ruwa da kuma kitse kwayoyin. Wannan qara surface area na mai, samar da mafi damar pancreatic enzymes cewa karya saukar fats. Tun da bile qara sha na kitse, yana taimaka a sha na amino acid, cholesterol, alli, da mai-mai narkewa bitamin kamar D, E, K da kuma A.

Alkaline bile acid ne ma iya neutralize da suka wuce haddi acid hanjinsu kafin ta shiga cikin ileum zuwa karshen rabo daga kananan hanji. A salts na bile acid mallaka bactericidal sakamako, inda suka kashe da dama microbes cewa zai iya zama ba a cikin shigowa abinci.

bile

hanta sel (hepatocytes) nuna bile, wanda accumulates da gudana a cikin bile bututu. Daga can shi da ke shiga cikin kananan hanji da kuma nan da nan ya fara shafar kitsen ko accumulates a cikin mafitsara.

A hanta samar daga 600 ml zuwa lita 1 bile for 24 hours. A abun da ke ciki da kuma kaddarorin bile canji a lokacin da shi ya wuce ta bile ducts. Mucous wadannan tsarin secretes ruwa da kuma sodium bicarbonate, game da shi, diluting da hanta mugunya. Wadannan ƙarin sinadaran taimaka shafe ciki acid, wanda da dama a cikin da duodenum da partially narkewar abinci (chyme) daga ciki.

Storage bile

A hanta secretes bile ci gaba: up to 1 lita 24-hour lokaci, kuma amma mafi yawan shi an adana a wani accumulator - da gall mafitsara. Wannan m jiki fi mai da hankali ta resorption da ruwa, sodium chloride da sauran Wutan a cikin jini. Sauran aka gyara na bile salts kamar cholic acid, cholesterol, lecithin, bilirubin da kuma zama a cikin gall mafitsara.

maida hankali

Gallbladder bile fi mai da hankali, domin zai iya ajiye bile gishiri da kuma slag daga ruwa samar da hanta. Irin wannan gyara irin yadda ruwa, sodium, chloride, kuma Wutan, sa'an nan yaxuwa ta hanyar mafitsara.

Nazarin ya nuna cewa abun da ke ciki na mutum bile a cikin mafitsara ne guda kamar yadda a cikin hanta, amma shi ne 5-20 sau fiye da mayar da hankali. Wannan shi ne saboda gallbladder bile kunshi gaske na bile salts, bilirubin, cholesterol, lecithin, da sauran Wutan a lokacin zaman a cikin tanki ake tunawa a cikin jini.

bile

Bayan 20-30 minti bayan cin partially narkewar abinci shiga duodenum 12 na a ciki chyme. Samar da isasshen abinci, musamman mai a ciki da kuma duodenum stimulates gall mafitsara zuwa kwangila, wanda shi ne saboda da mataki na cholecystokinin. Gall mafitsara expels bile kuma hūta sphincter na Oddi, ta haka ne kyale shi zuwa fada cikin duodenum.

Wani tutu da rage daga cikin gall mafitsara - ne jijiyar daga vagus jijiya da kuma enteric juyayi tsarin. Secretin, wanda stimulates mugunya na pancreas, kuma qara bile mugunya. Its main sakamako ne ga kara da mugunya ruwa da kuma sodium bicarbonate daga bile bututu mucosa. Wannan bicarbonate bayani tare da pancreatic bicarbonate da ake bukata, domin su kau da ciki acid a cikin Gut.

A bile ƙunshi wani iri-iri abubuwa - sunadarai, amino acid, bitamin, da kuma waɗansu da yawa.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa mutane daban-daban suna da gall yana da wani mutum ingantaccen da kuma gwada yawa abun da ke ciki da cewa shi ne daban-daban a ciki da bile acid, bile pigments da cholesterol.

The asibiti muhimmancin

A cikin rashi na bile ne indigestible fats da sãkẽwa excreted da tumbi. Wannan yanayin da aka kira steatorrhea. Tumbi maimakon halayyar ruwan kasa launi da aka fentin da fararen ko launin toka launi da kuma zama mai. Steatorrhea iya kai wa ga rashi na gina jiki: muhimmanci m acid da kuma bitamin. Bugu da kari, da abinci ya wuce ta kananan hanji (wanda shi ne yawanci alhakin sha na kitse daga abinci) da kuma musanya masa a hanji Flora. Ya kamata ka san cewa a cikin manyan hanji ba zamanto matakai na aiki na fats, wadda take kaiwa zuwa daban-daban matsaloli.

A abun da ke ciki na bile hada cholesterol, wanda wani lokacin compacted da bilirubin, alli, forming gallstones. Wadannan concretions yawanci bi da ta kau da mafitsara. Duk da haka, da za su iya, wani lokacin za a narkar da kwayoyi tare da kara yawa daga wasu bile acid kamar ursodeoxycholic da chenodeoxycholic.

A kan komai a ciki (bayan maimaita emesis, msl) launi emesis iya zama kore, ko duhu rawaya, da kuma haushi. Wannan ne bile. Abun da ke ciki na aman sau da yawa suna goyon bayan ta al'ada narkewa kamar juices daga ciki. A launi na bile ne sau da yawa idan aka kwatanta da launi na "sabo da yanke ciyawa", da bambanci ga gyara a ciki cewa duba greenish-rawaya ko duhu rawaya. Bile iya samun a cikin ciki na wani raunana bawul, a lokacin da shan wasu kwayoyi da barasa, ko a ƙarƙashin rinjayar iko tsoka contractions kuma spasms na duodenum.

bile nazari

raba gabansa Hanyar binciko bile. Abun da ke ciki, quality, launi, da kuma yawa acidity na daban-daban rabo ya yi hukunci da take hakki a kira kuma kai.