Belovezhskaya Pushcha abu ne na al'umma!

Menene Belovezhskaya Pushcha? Da farko, wannan shi ne mafi girma mafi girma daga cikin gandun daji na duniyar da ke kan tudu. Bisa ga ra'ayoyin da masana kimiyya na zamani suka bunkasa, wannan gandun dajin ya kasance a zamanin dā a ƙasashen Turai, amma a lokacin an yanyanke shi. A cikin mahimmanci ko ƙananan tsari an kiyaye shi ne kawai a matsayin babban taro a kan yankin Bialowieza, wanda, a gefensa, yana a ƙasashen Poland da Belarus.

Geography na gandun daji

Bialowieza Forest - wani wuri, ta hanyar da gudanar da kan iyaka tsakanin jihohin biyu - da Jamhuriyar Belarus da kuma Jamhuriyar Poland. Kusa da wannan gandun daji na prehistoric wannan budurwa ce ta sanannun ruwa na Black and Baltic seas. Flora da fauna a wannan yanki na musamman. Don adana a Belovezhskaya Pushcha tsarin kare kariya guda hudu an halicce su:

• Yanki karewa;
• Yanayi na wasanni;
• Yanayi na amfani da doka;
• Yankin tattalin arziki.

Bugu da ƙari, an kafa wani ɓangaren buffer na wucin gadi a kusa da ajiyar kanta. Pushcha, wanda yake a kan asalin Belarus da Poland, yana da mahimmanci kuma mafi girma a cikin dukan gandun dajin da aka rigaya ya kare a duniyarmu. Yana aka mamaye Pine gandun daji (gansakuka da blueberry), da kuma talakawan shekaru na kowane itacen - a kalla 80 shekaru.

A bit of history

An riga an san wannan ajiya a matsayin yankin da aka kiyaye shi a shekara ta 1409. Sa'an nan kuma a kan kursiyin sarki ya zauna a sarauta mai suna Jagiello. A cikin dukiyar mallakarsa ita ce wannan gandun daji. Wannan ya ba da umarnin sarauta, wanda ya ce, duk wani farauta ga manyan dabbobin da suke zaune a yankin da ke cikin gandun daji sun haramta. "Belovezhskoe taska" na daga cikin Grand Duchy na Lithuania daga 1413th shekara, kuma a 1795, shekarar da Rasha ta shiga cikin gandun daji.

"'Ya'yan bison ..."

Yaya kake tsammanin wannan yana haɗin kalmar "bison" tare da kalmar "Pushcha"? Waɗannan su ne ainihin kalmomi-kalmomi. Ka tuna, kamar yadda sanannen waka ya ce: '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' 'Bison' Kuma ba haka ba ne. Sarkin sarakuna Alexander I a 1802, dokarsa ta hana dakatar da farauta don bison, wanda ke zaune a yankin Belovezhskaya Pushcha.

Dukkan wannan 1802 yankin da aka ba da shi ya zama wani ɓangare na lardin Grodno, wanda aka yi amfani da makamai mai suna Bison. Amma ba kawai bison ba ne kawai aka ajiye wannan shahararren shahara. Ƙasarta tana da yawan dabbobi da shuke-shuke da yawa. Bari muyi magana game da flora da fauna na gandun daji.

Belovezhskaya Pushcha. Dabbobi da shuke-shuke

By yawan nau'in shuke-shuke da dabbobi zama a wannan ƙasa, Belovezhskaya Pushcha ba shi da wani daidai a duk Turai! Kuna tunani kawai: a nan ya kai kusan nau'in nau'in shuke-shuke da tsire-tsire. Akwai nau'o'in 260 daban-daban na tsibirin, 570 jinsunan namomin kaza da 300 nau'in halaye. Kasa na kasa "Belovezhskaya Pushcha" ba kawai batu ne kawai ba don flora, amma har ainihin "zoo" na halitta.

Jerin fauna na wannan fannin ya hada da nau'in nau'in halittu iri daban daban, tsuntsaye 230, nau'in tsuntsaye 11 na amphibians (amphibians), 8 nau'o'in dabbobi masu rarrafe (dabbobi masu rarrafe), iri iri 25 na kifi da yawancin invertebrates - fiye da 11,000.Ya kamata a lura cewa yawancin yawan mutanen bison suna zaune A ƙasar Belovezhskaya Pushcha.

Ga ka iya samun irin wannan manyan herbivores kamar barewa, Roe barewa, Elk, daji boar. Dabbobin da ke cikin Pushcha suna wakiltar Wolves, foxes, badgers, trot, otters, martens, da dai sauransu. Masana ilimin kimiyya, wato masu bincike, sun ce a cikin Belovezhskaya Pushcha ya kasance mai ban sha'awa da mahimmanci a cikin hanyoyi masu zaman kansu na dabbobi masu rarrafe. Wadannan sun hada da kwari da ke zaune a cikin ruba ko bishiyoyi masu rai, a cikin namomin kaza, da kuma invertebrates na fi son filayen lowland da marshall.

Da zarar yankin da ke cikin wannan ajiyar yana cikin babban dabba marar tsabta - yawon shakatawa. Abin takaici, a halin yanzu yawan mutanenta sun mutu gaba daya. Tours suka ɓace daga fuskar duniya a cikin karni na 17. Masana binciken tarihi sun ce wadannan rushewa sun fi girma fiye da na yanzu "Belovezhskaya" Kattai - bison. Mene ne zunubin da zai boye, bison kuma a kan iyaka ... Suna, kamar sauran dabbobin da suke zaune a cikin wannan ajiya, an rubuta su a cikin Red Book International.

Gidan Duniya

Wurin filin wasa na kasa a karkashin sunan "Belovezhskaya Pushcha" a shekarar 1992 an hada shi a cikin abin da ake kira Tarihin Tsarin Duniya na Dan Adam. Wannan shawarar ta kasance ta UNESCO. Bugu da ƙari, bayan daidai shekara guda an ba wurin wurin wurin matsayin yanayin da ake kira biosphere Reserve. A shekara ta 1997, an ba da sunan wannan takardar shaidar diplomasiyya na majalisar Turai, ƙungiya ta duniya wanda ke inganta hadin kai tsakanin kasashen Turai duka.

Daya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi muhimmanci a tarihin wannan wuri na musamman ya faru a kwanan nan - a cikin shekarar 2014. Bisa ga shawarar da zaman na Duniya Heritage kwamitin, da 23 Yuni 2014, da shakatawa-ajiye "Bialowieza Forest" daga Belarushiyanci da kuma Yaren mutanen Poland ƙasa zama guda World Heritage Site ta UNESCO. Tabbatar ziyarci wannan wuri mai kyau!