Attica - shi ... Kasa wuri, yanayi, yawan

Attica - shi ne daya daga cikin tarihi yankuna na kasar Girka, yana da wani arziki tarihi, wanda aka tabbatar da mutane da yawa archaeological Finds da kuma tarihi Monuments. A Gwargwadon wuri na yankin da ke sa shi daya daga cikin mafi kyau dangane da yawon shakatawa da kuma hutu.

Gwargwadon matsayi

Attica janyo hankalin ba kawai domin ta tarihi da na halitta jan hankali. Wannan ita ce ƙasar a kan wanda har yanzu rayuwa tsoho Legends da camfin. Yankin inda Attica aka located a kudu-gabashin kasar Girka, da kuma a kan uku bangarorin da ruwan bays na Aegean Sea: Saronic kudu, petals - daga gabas, Notios-Evvoikos - daga arewa maso gabashin. A arewa shi ne kẽwayesu da daya daga cikin Tsakiya Girka - Boeotia da yamma da kogin - tare da Peloponnese. A tsarin kunshi Attica da Saronic Gulf tsibiran. Land sauƙi ne yafi duwatsu, musamman a arewa, hankali rage-rage zuwa kudu. Mountain Cithaeron da Parnet, wanda abu ne na halitta iyaka da Jamhuriyar kasar Girka, ta ridges yalwaci dukan yankin. Su ne m dutsen range, kawai a cikin mafi girma da wani ɓangare na mai rufi coniferous gandun daji. The most na kakar ne Parnet Pentelikon da Gimett. Lower kakar Kiferona zuwa kudu, da ake kira keratitis, da kuma kudu-maso-gabashin reshe Yanã shigar da Parnassus tsawo na fiye da 1400 mita da kuma siffofin da duwatsu yankin, har ya zuwa cikin teku. A kudancin gefen yankin wuce da dutsen Laurel, wanda ƙare a kudancin batu na sashin - da Cape Sounion.

Filayen da kõguna

Tsakanin dutsen jeri located kwaruruka da m gona. The most filayen a Attica uku:

• Athenian bayyana a daure a kan arewa dutsen Parnet, daga arewa maso gabashin - Pentelikon sarkar, kuma daga kudu maso gabashin - duwãtsu Gimett.
• Triassic kwarin, da lebur stretches arewa zuwa Kiferona da Parnet, kuma daga gabas kwaruruka na Parnet rabu da ita daga Athens na kwarin.
• Gimettom kwarin tsakanin duwatsu da kuma a kan gabas-sarkar - da mirgina.
• kashe bakin tekun saboda da alluvial ƙasashe kafa wani m bayyana band, na da babbar - Marathon a fili, da sauran na kusa da bakin Asopus.

Attica - wannan shi ne daya daga cikin sarrafa giza yankuna na kasar. Babu manyan koguna, wanda za a iya amfani das hi don bayi. A mafi muhimmanci na wadannan su ne:

• mafi girma a kogin a Attica - Kefiss gudãna ta cikin Athenian kwarin, shi yana farawa a gindin Pentelikon, kuma gudana a kudu-westerly shugabanci, amma mafiya yawa daga cikin juz'i na ruwa ke ba da ruwa da m filayen.
• sauran Ilissus kogin gudana daga tsaunukan Gimetta, amma nan da nan bata cikin hamada.
• Wani Enoe rafi gudana ta hanyar Araba na Marathon.

Indented tekun na Attica da yawa picturesque bays dace da kewayawa, wanda ke haifar da ci gaban kewayawa. A halin yanzu, wadannan jin dadi bays saboda dumi sauyin yanayi, suna a fi so biki makõma na surfers da kuma iri iri, da kuma da bakinta da aka cika da kyau yashi rairayin bakin teku.

yanayin damina

The m subtropical sauyin yanayi na Attica ne halin da dogon bushe lokacin bazaar, kuma short, rigar winters. A talakawan bazara zafin jiki ne 26-28 digiri, amma a watan Yuli da Agusta, da zazzabi iya isa 38 digiri. Saboda da low danshi zafi da aka canjawa wuri quite sauƙi. A iyo kakar yana daga watan Afrilu zuwa watan Oktoba. A cikin hunturu da iska zazzabi jeri daga biyar zuwa goma digiri, amma kadan ruwan sama. Wannan m sauyin yanayi za a iya bayyana ta da sakamako daga iska igiyoyin zuwa daga tekun - a cikin hunturu duka westerly iskõki, kuma a lokacin rani - sanyi iskõki daga arewa maso gabashin. Akwai wani matsananci zafi da hunturu sanyi nahiyar Turai.

Ƙasa da na halitta arziki

Yanayi na Attica aka ba a yarda ya girma masara a nan. Saboda m gona da kuma rashin ruwa kwari da shi ya na kadan amfani ga noma, amma kuma da tsoho mawallafa rubuta game da gaskiyar cewa a kalla a wannan duniya ba ya girma da gurasar da ta za ta ciyar da fiye da mutane fiye da idan ta tsiro a nan. Wannan zai faru saboda yawan m dutse domin gina haikalin da kuma wuraren bauta, kazalika gaban azurfa, akwai nan da yardar alloli. Kuma ga jiragen ruwa Attica - a ƙasar da cewa yana da wani m marina, inda za su iya kai tsari daga yanayin.

marmara Attica

Attica duwãtsu kunshi farar ƙasa, kuma shale, kazalika da m marmara, samar da wanda ya fara a nuna na 3-2 Millennium BC. Greek haikalin, wanda a farko da aka gina da farar ƙasa, ya fara kafa wani marmara da aka mined a Pentelikon. Daga shi gina da Parthenon. Pentelic marmara tsaye a waje domin ta tsarki da fari launi da kuma fineness. Shi ne kuma mai ban mamaki ya haskaka a cikin rana, amma fatsifatsi kan lokaci. A yi na Acropolis da Piraeus aka yi amfani da marmara duhu sautunan. A Attica Eleusinian marmara sassaƙaƙƙun ko kusan baki, lafiya-grained marmara gimettsky. Wannan abu ne sosai sosai prized da kuma fitar dashi daga Girka zuwa zamanin d Roma, inda aka yi amfani da gine-gine da sassaka. The m Lavrionskih zafi kankara sun arziki azurfa mahakar da dutsen sarkar Gimettskaya ya yi kyau kwarai tushen zuma.

Tukwane da kuma aikin noma,

Musamman prized m lãka, daga Attica, shi ne na kyau inganci da sauki ta yi aiki, don haka da kumar kasko da aka kyau da ci gaba. Ya sanya daga lãka amphorae - manyan kwalba da kunkuntar wuyansa, kuma iyawa, wanda aka adana da kuma hawa ruwan inabi, da man zaitun. A lãka amfani ga yi na tiles, bututu, ganguna da kuma wasu iyali abubuwa.

Godiya ga m winters, bushe lokacin bazaar, kuma da yalwa da sunshine a filayen Attica ta ko da yaushe mai kyau zuwa ga girma zaitun da itatuwan ɓaure a kan gangara horar da gonakin inabi, don haka da ruwan inabi, da zaituni, da man zaitun, da ɓaure sun kasance kullum staples na aikin noma da kuma aka fitar dashi. Ɗaki ƙarƙashin marufi ulu a zamanin da, Popular, shahara ga shi yanzu. A duwãtsu, tãyar da tumaki, da awaki, da na shanu.

Asalin mazaunan Attica

Mazauna Attica ga mafi part mallakar Ionian kabilar - daya daga cikin hudu manyan Greek kabilu, an mai suna bayan da almara gwarzo. Ionians tare da Dorians ne babban yan dako na Greek kasa da al'adunsu. A daukacin jama'ar na Attica ya kasu kashi hudu azuzuwan na zuriya, wanda ya kira filami:

• geleonty - daraja, suka kira "m".
• hoplites sun warriors.
• ergadei - manoma.
• egikorei - shi ne kawai makiyaya ko goatherds.

A social sharuddan, da phylum kunshi manyan iyalansu, kowanne daga abin da aka raba da dama dozin tribal iyalansu. Iyali a wani iri sõyayya a phratry, watau addini kungiyoyin da su hadisai da kuma ayyukan hajji. Irin wannan kungiyar ba ta shãfe da nasara da kabilu, da zũriyarsu, ko da yake su ma, sun free su shiga cikin crafts, cinikayya ko noma, da kuma yana da nasu ƙungiya, kira su metics.

Athens: Gwargwadon wuri

Geographically da Attica ne zuwa kashi biyu main sassa - babban birnin kasar da yankin da kuma kasar baki daya - Athens tare da makiyayarta, da sauran na ƙasa. A babban birnin kasar ne mai suna bayan da aljanna na hikima Athena, wanda bisa ga labari, ya ba da mazauna itacen zaitun. A cewar wani version, sunan garin ya sami asali daga kalmar "Athos" - flower. Athens da aka located a cikin tsakiyar fili na Attica da kuma kewaye da duwãtsu a yamma, da arewa gabas, da kuma kudu maso yammacin gefen yana da damar yin amfani da Saronic Gulf. A halin yanzu, birnin ya riga ya dauka dukan Araba, amma makiyayarta ci gaba da fadada.

tsoho dimokuradiyya

Athens ne ba kawai da administrative cibiyar na kasar, har ma a zamanin da, da birni ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin al'adu da kuma tattalin arziki sharuddan. A nan ne a sakamakon wani dogon daci gwagwarmaya tsakanin tribal aristocracy da Demos aka haife wani nau'i na gwamnati, a matsayin tsoho dimokuradiyya, wanda ya zama wani abin koyi na kasa gwamnati. Wannan na musamman nau'i na tsarin siyasa da aka kafa a Athens a 5th karni BC. e. Ko da yake a baya sau Athens shige wuya hanya na yankunan da yaƙe-yaƙe, mun samu goguwa da ikon da yawa nasara, a tarihinta shi ne lokaci na da kyau dan kasa da kuma 'yanci - dimokuradiyya.

Golden Age na Athens

Ancient Athens samo asali a matsayin masu garu yarjejeniya a kan dutse,, sa'an nan ya juya a cikin wani birnin kasar a sakamakon sinoykizma, wanda nufi da ƙungiyar na kabilunsu na Attica a kusa da Athens Acropolis. Wannan tsari ya dauki da dama ƙarni a lokacin. A cewar tsoho myths, ƙungiyar ta kasance saboda da almara dan sarki Aegeus - Theseus, wanda shi ma ya gabatar da rabo daga cikin jama'ar na Athens da zamantakewa strata:

• Eupatridae - nobility.
• geomori - manoma.
• Tashin - sana'a.

Zenith Athenian jihar isa a zamanin mulkin Pericles - a cikin 5th karni BC. e. Wannan lokaci da aka kira da Golden Age na Athens. A wannan lokaci aka gina shi da kuma babban haikalin Athena - Parthenon, musamman abin tunawa daga zamanin d gine. Haikalin da aka gina da kuma zamanin d Girkanci Masters Callicrates Iktinos da lafiya sculptures aka sanya shahara m Phidias. Haikali m cewa daya batu facade shi ne a bayyane daga uku tarnaƙi, saboda gaskiyar cewa ginshikan aka shirya a wani kwana da juna. Phidias halitta sanannen mutum-mutumi na Athena da kuma na marmara da zinariya. Wannan sassaka ne mai fitacciyar tsoho gine.

wayewar

The siyasa ikon Athens ƙare tare da farawa da yankunan da yaki da Sparta, kuma daga baya tare da Macedonia. Next Athens fadi karkashin mulkin Romawa, bayan abin da ya zo da Turks. Ga mutane da yawa ƙarni iri na ɗaukaka na 'birni. da yawa na tarihi da kuma gine-gine da Monuments kasance halakakku. Kawai bayan wani dogon gwagwarmayar 'yancin kai a cikin karni na 19th Athens sake zama babban birnin na kasar Girka. Yanzu shi ne mai babbar hedkwatarsu da wani yawan kan miliyan biyar mutane, sake lashe matsayi na al'adu da kuma siyasa na tsakiya na kasar, kuma yana da yawa na tarihi Monuments.

Piraeus

A kudancin karkata daga Athens ne Piraeus - da babbar tashar jiragen ruwa a kasar Girka, kazalika da manyan masana'antu cibiyar na kasar da kuma wani muhimmin sufuri cibiya. A 5th karni BC. e shekara-shekara yawa daga tashar jiragen ruwa amounted zuwa gagarumin asalin dũkiyõyinku. The m Gwargwadon wuri na Athens, da samuwan Safe Harbor na Piraeus ya zama mai wucewa batu ta hanyar abin da daban-daban iri iri na kayan. A tashar jiragen ruwa akwai shipyards, nazarinsa, warehouses. Athens tare da tashar jiragen ruwa da aka dauke mafi riba birni, kamar yadda na dukiya a nan fatake iya samun Athenian azurfa, wadda aka yaba ko'ina.

jan hankali Attica

A halin yanzu, Attica - a rare yawon shakatawa yankin da yawa tarihi da kuma gine-gine da jan hankali da kuma kyau na halitta yanayi da kuma m rairayin bakin teku. Babban haruffa na Attica suna located in Athens. M tarihi abin tunawa ne da wani gine-gine na Acropolis, wanda shi ne babban haikalin tsoho Athens - da Parthenon, a wurin aikin hajji ga mutane da yawa. Daga wuraren tarihi a cikin kusanci da Athens ne Popular sufi na Daphni. A kan wani babban dutse Cape Sounion Haikalin Poseidon aka gina, wanda a yau zama da majestic kango. Masunta tafi zuwa teku, kawo gudunmawa a nan - da Allah Poseidon ga Helenawa kuwa shi ne na biyu mafi muhimmanci, tun da rai da aka inextricably nasaba da teku. Demeter Haikalin Ubangiji, da Helenawa ni'imta hatsi - daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci matsafai na zamanin d Attica aka located in Eleusis. A ta girmamawa a kowace shekara a spring da kaka don ciyar da hutu. A tsibirin Aegina ne a fatalwa gari Palayohora, yashe a shekara ɗari da suka wuce.

Yanayin Attica kamar yadda mai ban mamaki da kuma kyau. A kan dutsen Imittos ne mai ban mamaki waraka ikon ni'imtar da ita, bisa ga labari, gunkin Hephaestus mutane. Musamman curative sakamako na thermal tafkin Vouliagmeni, wanda aka bayansa da kafofin cikin ta zurfin da kuma sabon abu kifi-likita ne iya zamu juya fata, tsarkakewa da shi na matattu Kwayoyin. M ƙirin yana cike da gidajen gona da iri-iri mai ban mamaki rairayin bakin teku, hutu da ruwa wasanni.

A ban mamaki wuri mai dadi bazara biki ne Attica - hotuna nuna da m shimfidar wuri na yanayi, matafiya Rave reviews ne mai wasiya ga shahararsa ta wannan yankin na Girka.