Assimilation a ilmin halitta - menene wannan? Misalai assimilation da dissimilation a cikin yanayi

Assimilation a ilmin halitta - wani tsari da taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin narkewa kamar tsarin da mai rai gabar. Mene ne wannan? Bari mu ce ka ci abinci a yau, don samun wani adadin na makamashi. Amma ka taba yi tunani game da yadda za abinci samun daga farantin a cikin cell? Da zarar kana da wani abu da za su ci, jikinka fara karya saukar abinci a lokacin narkewa, sha na gina jiki da kuma gudamawar da su zuwa ga Kwayoyin a lokacin assimilation, inda suke amfani ga ci gaban da kuma gyara.

Abin da ya faru bayan da wani abinci?

Su fahimci abin da narkewa da assimilation a ilmin halitta, bari mu fara duba yadda za mu nike al'ada abinci. Ka yi la'akari da wannan a matsayin wani cheeseburger. A lokacin mastication auku maceration, nika da kuma juya abinci bolus, to, wanda aka koma ta hanyar da esophagus zuwa ciki, wanda yana da karfi acid da kuma enzymes karya shi a keɓe.

Carbohydrates da sunadaran (nama da kuma Bun) fara zuwa nike kafin kowa. Bugu da ari, kananan hanji, fats (cuku) fara durkushe na mutum aka gyara kira m acid. A lokacin, digesting cheeseburger kammala. Yanzu yana da lokaci zuwa assimilate na gina jiki a jikinka aka samu.

Absorption na gina jiki

Absorption na gina jiki ne da za'ayi a cikin kananan hanji, wanda aka bayar da kananan lugs, wanda ake kira microvilli. Wadannan muhimmanci Kwayoyin dauka na gina jiki daga hanji da kuma pumped shi a cikin jini, wanda tsĩrar da su zuwa cikin jiki. Don gane da wannan tsari, bari mu dubi daidai da yadda digestible carbohydrates.

By lokacin da carbohydrates kunshe ne a cikin wani hamburger Bun, kai da kananan hanji, su suna karye zuwa sukari, kamar yadda aka sani glucose. Microvilli dauke da kananan farashinsa cewa tsotse shi daga hanji lumen, kuma aka mayar da su ta epithelial Kwayoyin. Duk da haka, da cewa sugar yi wa sauran na jiki, dole ne ya shiga cikin jini rafi. A daya gefen hanji epithelial Kwayoyin yana da wani famfo, wanda ke kula da glucose a cikin jini cewa kewaye da hanji.

Da yawa glucose a cikin jini iya jawo babbar matsala, don haka na shi ne tsĩrar da hanta domin ajiya. Sel na wannan m jiki adana haddi sugar kamar yadda glycogen. Daga can, glucose da aka tsĩrar da su duk Kwayoyin a cikin jiki, wanda amfani da shi don ƙirƙirar salula makamashi ko ATP, da ake bukata don biyan bukatun dukan abinda na Kwayoyin da kwayoyin a matsayin dukan. Gina jiki - wannan ba shi ne kawai abin da yake da zama dole domin cewa jiki zauna lafiya. Muhimmanci sosai ne da isasshen ci daga ruwa.

Assimilation a ilmin halitta - menene wannan?

A nazarin halittu fahimta ne mai hade da na biyu matakai, a lokacin da Kwayoyin suna tsĩrar da gina jiki. A farko ya shafi sha na bitamin, ma'adanai da kuma sauran sinadarai daga abinci. A cikin mutane, wannan da aka yi tare da wani jiki (baka daukan taban da ciki churning) da kuma sinadaran rage daraja (enzymes da kuma acid). Na biyu aiwatar kira bioassimilation, shi ne sinadaran canji na abubuwa a cikin jini, hanta ko cell secretions.

Assimilation da dissimilation a ilmin halitta

Dissimilation a ilmin halitta ne tsari na bazuwar kwayoyin mahadi (sunadarai, fats, carbohydrates, kuma t. D.) A wani sauki abu. Unity assimilation da dissimilation samar da wani canji na al'amarin, kuma makamashi, wanda shi ne madogara na rayuwa da kuma samar da wani ci gaba da sabunta hanyoyin gudanar da abubuwa a cikin kwayoyin da rai sake zagayowar.

Dissimilation a shuka da dabbobi kwayoyin

Dissimilation a tsire-tsire ne tsakiya zuwa metabolism na mai yawan matakai, ciki har da numfasawa da glycolysis. A saki na makamashi amfani da sakamakon wadannan matakai ne zama dole ga wanzuwar da muhimmanci ãyõyi. Daga karshe kayayyakin na dissimilation manyan matsayi shagaltar da ruwa, carbon dioxide gas da kuma ammonia.

Idan dabbobi wadannan kayayyakin a lokacin ajiya tsaya a waje, da carbon dioxide a shuke-shuke (ba cikakken) da kuma ammonia aka yi amfani da biosynthesis kwayoyin halitta da kuma ne albarkatun kasa don sha. Tsanani tafiyar matakai dissimilation na shuke-shuke dabam dangane da mataki na yanayin halitta na juya da kwayoyin dogara a kan da dama wasu dalilai.

Misalai na nazarin halittu assimilation

Babban tushen samar da makamashi ga duk rai a duniya shi ne hasken rana radiation. All kwayoyin da suke zaune a duniya za a iya raba autotrophic da heterotrophic. Da farko kungiyar - ne yawanci kore shuke-shuke, iya mayar annuri makamashi daga hasken rana da kuma ta photosynthesis samu gudanar da mahadi daga inorganic abubuwa.

Sauran gabobin halittu, fãce wasu kwayoyin iya samun makamashi ta hanyar sinadaran halayen cewa metabolize da kwayoyin halitta riga ya kafa da kuma amfani da matsayin makamashi Madogararsa ko a matsayin tsarin abu don constituting jikinsu. A lokacin da can ne mafi yawan aiki da kuma zafin assimilation a ilmin halitta - ne matasa shekaru da dabbobi da kuma girma kakar na shuke-shuke.

Metabolism: dayantaka na biyu matakai

Metabolism ne hadin kai na biyu matakai: assimilation da dissimilation. Shawo ne Naira Miliyan Xari da matakai na halittar rai al'amari: fahimta abubuwa shigar da kwayoyin daga yanayi, da samuwar karin hadaddun kwayoyin sunadarai daga mafi sauki da kuma sauransu. Assimilation a ilmin halitta - wani tsari a cikin abin da Kwayoyin yin amfani da daban-daban kayan ya canza kama zuwa rai al'amari. Dissimilation - shi ne halakar da rai al'amari, lalata, lalacewar abubuwa a cell al'adu, musamman gina jiki mahadi. Assimilation (misalai a cikin yanayi - shi ne photosynthesis, nitrogen kam na kasar gona, gina jiki fahimta a lokacin narkewa) da kuma dissimilation inextricably nasaba. Mastering matakai tare da wata karuwa karaya, wanda bi da bi, saita mataki na assimilation.