"Asian damisa" - da na yau da kullum sunan tattalin arziki na kasar Korea ta Kudu, Singapore, Hong Kong da kuma Taiwan

Tiger - a manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa na cat iyali. Daga ƙasar-tushen da yara a size biyu kawai ga fari da kuma ruwan kasa bear. Hade da shi ƙarfi, gudun, ikon.

Daga cikin sauran namun dajin shida subspecies na wannan dabba ne babu irin wannan, wanda za a iya ce da ita shi ne "Asian Tiger". Ko da yake Amur da kuma Bengal, Indochinese da Malayan, yankin Sumatra, kuma Sin, bisa manufa, su ne manyan Asian Cats.

mai kyau sunan

Don abin da musamman irin sabon abu, ko da na kowa lokaci ne m kuma, in general, abin da ake kira "Asian damisa"? A fili yake cewa wasu abubuwa ne a Asiya. "Tigers" - wannan kasa. Tattalin arzikin na kasashe hudu - Hong Kong da Singapore da Taiwan da Korea ta Kudu - ya sanya irin wannan hu ~~ asa a ci gaba a cikin lokaci daga 60s da 90s na karshe karni, cewa kowanne daga wadannan kasashe samu a cikin duniya kafofin watsa labarai unofficial sunan - da "Asian damisa" . Amma duk da haka aka kira su "gabashin Asiya Tigers", ko "hudu kananan Asian dodo".

Kuma da kwatanta girma tattalin arziki tare da Tigers haka makale cewa akwai har yanzu "hudu sabon Asian Tiger" - Indonesia, Philippines, da Thailand da kuma Malaysia, wanda aka sosai nasarar ci gaba a cikin 'yan shekaru. "Celtic Tiger" Ireland da aka sanya a girma tattalin arzikin, "Balkan" - Serbia, "Tatra" - a Slovakia, "Latino" - Chile. Akwai ma da Kalmar "Baltic Tiger", amma ya bace.

Babban dukiya

Almara "Asian Tigers" (na farko da kalaman na kasashen) da yawa a cikin na kowa a cikin tattalin arziki da manufofin. Da fari dai, hukumomin sun fice shugabannin. Saboda su na kowa hankali da hikima dabarun shibtarsu da labarin kasa, tarihi da kuma kasashen waje da manufofin da kasar da aka zaba. Abu na biyu, dukkan "Asian Tigers" (ƙasar Singapore, Taiwan da Korea ta Kudu da kuma Hong Kong) hana ma'adanai. Amma saboda haka ya faru a tarihi cewa su main trump SIM, wanda a yarda a yi wani mataki mai tsalle a cikin tattalin arzikin, ya kuma har yanzu ake ƙirƙira ga ƙarni gargajiya Confucious tarbiyyar da kuma zafin nauyi aiki a kan shinkafa filayen ne cheap da kuma wuce yarda da tarbiyya da ma'aikata. Wannan sabon abu ne da ake kira "Far Eastern hali," a babban fasali na wanda su ne: aiki, biyayya, da m sadaukarwa da ilimi da kuma zamantakewa ci gaba, na ba karamin muhimmanci ya kuma mayar da hankali a kan iyali dabi'u.

A rarrabe da kasashen waje da manufofin

Country, na ga "Asian damisa" farko kalaman, yana da 'yan abubuwa da na kowa. Hukumomi ne gwamnatocin, kuma jihar rayayye shãmakacẽwa a cikin tattalin arzikin, duk da haka, tsarin jari-hujja a Hong Kong da aka samun kusa ga m manufa. Ya kamata a lura da cewa "tattalin arziki mu'ujiza" da aka sosai rayayye ciyar, mai tsattsauran ra'ayi, m anti-Soviet siyasa na wadannan kasashe. A dawowar, an bã su da West wani m kudi da fasaha taimako.

Features na Taiwan tattalin arzikin

Waɗannan su ne na kowa siffofin muhimmi a cikin States, da aka sani da "Asian Tigers." Kasashen, wanda aka jera a sama, su ne, ba shakka, gagarumin bambance-bambance a su ci gaba. Alal misali, Taiwan ya yi a fare a kan fifiko cigaban kananan da kuma matsakaici-sized kasuwanci, wanda kayayyakin da lakabin "Made a Taiwan" sun captivated duniya. A wani ɓangaren da hankali - shi ne wani tsibirin a cikin Pacific Ocean, located 150 kilomita daga gabashin kasar Sin. A tattalin arziki da kuma siyasa - An partially gane jihar - Jamhuriyar Sin. Yana da ake nufi da sunan "kananan Asian damisa" (Taiwan).

kafa Uba

An ban sha'awa Gaskiyar ita ce, da nasara shugaban na Taiwan zabe domin biyu sharuddan - Tszyan Tszingo, kuma a cikinsa akwai wani tattalin arziki da nasara, mutumin da ya fiye ƙwarai. Dan Chan Kayshi, aka aika zuwa karatu a cikin Moscow, ya rayu tare da mazan da 'yar'uwa Anna V. I. Lenina Ilinichny yar'uwarsa Anna, kuma ko da ya dauki ta surname - Elizarov. Tszyan Tszingo ya shugaban na gama gona, kusa da Moscow, da kuma aiki a "Uralmash", da cewa ba ya hana shi komawa mahaifarsa da kuma manyan da gwamnatin na Taiwan gilla kashe pro yi. Shekara-shekara GDP girma a kan 60-90-ies lõkacin da ta kasance 6.7%.

A tuki da karfi na Taiwan ta tattalin arzikin

Bisa dogaro cheap aiki, da yawa Yammacin kamfanoni sun koma suna harkokin kasuwancinsu zuwa kasashen kaddamarda matsayin "Asian Tigers." Taiwan yanã daga gare su. Engine na tattalin arzikin for kusan shekaru 40 ya kasance waje cinikayya, 98% na abin da suke masana'antu kaya. Wannan kasa ta kafa cinikayya tsakaninsu da 60 jihohi. Taiwan ba shi da isasshen makamashi don fitarwa shi zuwa 98%. Yanzu akwai 3 gina makaman nukiliya ikon shuke-shuke, da samar da fiye da 20% na kasa da amfani, da kuma sa ƙasar a kan 15th wuri a cikin States mambobi da makamashin nukiliya. Ba kome tafi smoothly a kan hanyar kara ci gaba.

m shekaru

A shekaru 50, Amurka ta bayar da tsibirin al'umma da karfi taimakon kudi (30% na dukkan zuba jari a kasar). Da farko, gwamnatin soma wani siyasa na shigo da canzawa, wanda ya ba da karfi impetus ga ci gaban masana'antu kansu. Sa'an nan, bayan da kasuwannin gida jikewa, da tattalin arzikin ya fara juya zuwa gare fadada fitarwa.

Tasowa a kasar na fitarwa-masana'antu zones (na farko - Kaohsiung) da gudummawar da kyautata na kimiyya da fasaha m.

Kuma ya tsaya a rikicin

A cikin wani ƙarni, a haife kuma balaga da wuce yarda da "Asian Tiger" Taiwan. A kasar tsira nauyi ga ta shekaru 70 a lokacin da ta cire daga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ke cikin kasa da kasa kadaici, kamar yadda Amurka ta gaba daya sanyaya. Duk da haka, gwamnatin ta aiwatar da ayyukan 10 a filin wasa na masana'antu, sufuri da kuma makamashin nukiliya, wanda a yarda a ci gaba manyan masana'antu. Ko da Asian rikicin na 1997 Taiwan kadan shãfe. Alama ce ta tattalin arziki da mu'ujiza a cikin wannan kasa ne a skyscraper "Taipei 101", da duniya na biyu tallest gini.

Singapore - Asian lu'u-lu'u

Wani hudu kasa - Singapore - "Asian Tiger". An yi imani da cewa maimaita "tattalin arziki mu'ujiza" wannan tsibirin al'umma (63 tsibiran), babu wanda zai iya ga wata shekaru 50. The mahaifin na "mu'ujiza" da aka dauke su kwanan nan matacce Lee Kuan Yew sun fi mayar saboda da siyasa a kasar wanda ba shi da ko da nasu ruwan sha, shi ne a yanzu a kasar tare da mafi kyau ilimi, haraji da kuma kiwon lafiya. Wannan Jihar bankuna, skyscrapers unprecedented kuma m karauka. Daya daga cikin na farko matakai na wani m lauya ya zama m yaki da cin hanci da rashawa, duk da cewa shi ne mai alama na Asian rayuwa. A wannan yaki ya lashe. Tun daga farko, da gwamnatin ta hau kan inganta ingancin rayuwa, daya daga cikin manyan manufofin a cikin wannan shugabanci ya tabbatar da kowane Singapore nasu gidaje. uba na al'umma mutu a cikin bazara na shekarar 2015, ya gaba daya mulki kasar ga kan shekaru 30. Tare da shi ban kwana ga mako, da m mazauna kare 8-hour jerin gwano.

Member na Big Ashirin

Baya ga "Asian damisa" Koriya ta Kudu da kuma Hong Kong. Uba-Converter na farko daga cikin wadannan kasashe ne Pak Chon Hi, wanda ya zo da iko a shekarar 1961 a wani juyin mulkin soja. A peculiarity na tattalin arziki tsalle na kasar Korea ta Kudu ne da farko mayar da hankali a kan halittar manyan Multi-iyali Holdings "chebol". Yana da aka kwafin da pre-yaki manufofin na sarki Japan. A jihar ba kawai intrudes a cikin kasuwanci - ya kasance karkashin iko.

Pak Chon Hi Handpicked da dama da kamfanoni a daban-daban da masana'antu, kuma Ya sanya wani fare a kan su, taimaka musu unprecedented goyon bayan gwamnatin, wanda basira da janyo hankalin babbar waje zuba jari. A tattalin arzikin wannan Asia kasar - daya daga cikin mafi girma a duniya. Sadaukarwa Janar ya zama wani labari. Fighter da cin hanci da rashawa, sai ya nema daga jagorancin "chebol" cikakken kuma mara biyayya ga jihar ta amfane shi. Kuma da waɗannan iyali Holdings sun zama duniya-mashahuri brands kamar Samsung, LG, Daewoo, Hyundai, KIA da sauran. Idan ka ƙirƙiri wani G20 a 1999, Korea ta kudu shiga can da dama.

Hong Kong ta sabon abu

A karo na hudu "kananan Asian damisa" ne Hong Kong, wanda tun 1997 ne wani ɓangare daga kasar Sin, amma a lokaci guda tana da widest yiwu cin gashin. Ya ne arziki birni a kasar Sin.

A tuki da karfi na tattalin arziki da ta yi tsalle ne kasuwanci sauyin yanayi, da yanayin halitta kasuwanci. Domin jawo hankalin da kasar kamar yadda zai yiwu kudi, duk da cikas a cikin hanyar fasaha da kuma babban birnin kasar sun hallaka a Hong Kong. Rage girma da yawan cin hanci da rashawa da jami'ai, da haraji kudi ya tafi, suka hallakar da ta wuce kima burokrasi. Kuma da kudi zuba a cikin birni, wanda gidaje duniya most yawan ofisoshin, saboda a cikin ranking na kasashen da suka fi index na tattalin arziki da 'yanci Hong Kong ranked farko. Inda most taro na billionaires - 3 da 1 da miliyan yawan jama'a. Figure ne mafi girma a duniya. A cikin wannan birnin duk abin da yake a cikin zaman kansa hannuwa da kuma hukumomin da kõme ba yi da kasuwanci da al'amura. Ba dukkan kasashen dake yankin - "Asian Tigers." Japan da kuma China ba su kasance a gare su ba, amma sun, tare da "kananan dodo" ne Asiya ta arziki kasashen da ba kawai.