Asbestos: da cutar adam kiwon lafiya

Kafin mutane suka fahimci cewa asbestos ne mai kaya m ga kiwon lafiya, shi ne yadu amfani a fannoni daban daban na kasa da tattalin arziki. Mafi yawa daga dukkan - a gina daban-daban gine-gine da kuma Tsarin. Har seventies na karshe karni, shine fibrous abu musamman nuna godiya ga da kyau kwarai thermal kwanciyar hankali da kuma kyau kwarai weather adawa. Ba da da ewa, duk da haka, masana kimiyya sun biya da hankali ga wasu daga cikin korau Properties na asbestos. Cutar da lafiyar dan adam, wannan abu da kuma da tasiri a kan yanayi sun kasance abu na da yawa kimiyya karatu.

A sakamakon aikin, wannan abu da aka kara wa jerin kawo hadari abubuwa classified ta IARC, a yau shi ne dauke daya daga cikin mafiya hatsari Carcinogens. Amma me ya sa ba mutane tunani game da hallakaswa Properties na wannan abu? Ta yaya da yawa a zahiri kawo asbestos kiwon lafiya hadura? Ka yi kokarin fahimtar.

Mene ne asbestos?

Asbestos - mai ma'adinai na zuwa category na lafiya-fiber silicates. A yanayi, akwai wani sa na ta adibas. A cikin halitta nau'i shi ne ma'adinai fili, da ciwon da na sarari tsarin a cikin nau'i na m zaruruwa thinnest. Bisa ga tsarin akwai biyu zaɓuɓɓuka:

• amphibole asbestos - yana da wani tsarin a cikin nau'i na kai tsaye allura-kamar zaruruwa.
• chrysotile asbestos, ko fari asbestos - yana da wani tsarin a cikin nau'i na serpentine, cewa da wuya a lankwasa ko Twisted zaruruwa.

Amphibole, bi da bi, ya kasu kashi biyu subgroups - crocidolite (blue asbestos) da kuma amosite (ruwan kasa asbestos).

More m ne gaggautsa amphibole asbestos: ga kiwon lafiya da lalacewar ne kananan da kuma kaifi barbashi cewa an inhaled mutumin a cikin halakar da zare. Da zarar a cikin jiki, qeta ƙura ba ta soke kuma ba a cire daga cikin huhu - inda ta riga wata rayuwa, hankali girma a cikin nama da kuma guba rundunar.

Serpentines da softer tsarin, ana haka dauke kasa hatsari. Su, sabanin amphibole, da sauri narkar da kuma kawar da su daga jiki ba tare da haddasa wata cuta.

Ina asbestos da aka yi amfani da?

A heyday ne ma'adinai yadu a yi amfani daban-daban iri samar a cikin mota kansu, Shipbuilding, jirgin sama, kuma ba shakka a yi. Don wannan rana za mu iya saduwa da wannan abu a cikin tsufa zama gine-gine, inda aka yi amfani da shiri na bututu rufi abubuwa, rufi da bene slabs, Paints da kuma karewa kayan, kamar yadda wani ciminti ƙari kuma a samar da yin rufi Slate. Wannan abu ne rayayye amfani a yi baho a gida gidãjen Aljanna. Cottagers sani ba cewa lokacin da tsanani asbestos kiwon lafiya da lalacewar da aka karu da sau da yawa.

Yana da aka yi amfani da a samar da mabukaci kaya - heaters, iyali kayayyakinsa, kayan shafawa, da kuma ko da a cikin yi na yara crayons. A wannan lokacin babu wanda ya ba ya faru, kamar yadda ya zuwa yanzu kamar yadda zai iya zama haɗari karami barbashi asbestos.

kiwon lafiya lalacewa sakamakon daukan hotuna zuwa wannan ma'adinai, ji na farko na duk mutanen da suka halarci a cikin samar da tsari.

A farko bayani game da illar da ma'adinai

A farko bayanai game da kiwon lafiya hadura na asbestos ya fara zuwa bayan wani binciken da na ma'aikatan hakar ma'adinai na shafts, wanda aka kuma yi amfani a cikin aikin da kayan. Mutane da yawa ma'aikata da aka gano daban-daban pathologies, cututtuka da ciwon daji da kuma mafi sau da yawa bayyananne tafka magudi a cikin numfashi tsarin.

Bayan da yawa karatu, da International Agency for Research on Cancer a shekarar 1987, ya sanar da sakamakon: shi ne cutarwa ga kiwon lafiya asbestos. Huhu ciwon daji, mesothelioma, mahara fibrosis, asbestosis daban-daban mai tsanani da kuma sauran irin ciwon daji marurai a jikin mutum bayyana saboda rinjayar amphibole.

A Turai Community da aka gigice da sakamakon, don haka a yau da yin amfani da wannan abu a samar ko yi ne tsananin haramta a kasashen da dama. Nan da nan bayan da bayanai a kan cutarwa ga mutum daukan hotuna zuwa amphibole zama samuwa ga jama'a a wasu kasashen fara daban-daban kamfen ga canji na asbestos-dauke da aka gyara a cikin zane na madadin kayan.

Shin zai yiwu a kauce wa cutarwa effects?

Abin baƙin ciki, gaba daya kashe asbestos-dauke da abubuwa daga rayuwarmu ba zai yiwu ba. Wannan ma'adinai a kananan yawa a cikin ƙasa, iska da kuma ruwa. Yau, a cewar wasu kimomi da fiye da miliyan daya da ma'aikata a cikin daban-daban da masana'antu har yanzu a lamba tare da cutarwa abubuwa saboda da rashin iyawa na wariya daga iko na tsari.

Ina asbestos ne har yanzu samu

Wannan ma'adinai ne har yanzu ba a mazan model na motoci, wasu zama gine-gine a cikin tsohon kewayen birni gine-gine. Domin da yawa cottagers tushen yawa cutar da kiwon lafiya - asbestos a cikin wanka. Bayan duk, ko da a Soviet sau, shi da aka yi amfani da matsayin wuta-resistant abu don wani iri-iri na coatings.

Asbestos bai ƙone ba, amma anã gitta su high yanayin zafi fara rushe, yayin da jaddada cutarwa amphibole. Ba dukkan masu na kasar cottages suna sane da cewa fuskar mutuwa da kansu da gidaje.

ikon yinsa a yau

A Rasha, duk da undoubted cutar da kiwon lafiya na asbestos dauke a cikin abun da ke ciki na fiye da 3,000 daban-daban kayayyakin: shi ne amfani da samar da tacewa da kuma tarpaulins, takarda da kwali, m tufafi ga firemen da kuma wasu asbestos kayan gini. A kasar shi ne yarda da za a yi amfani da yawa masana'antu da fasaha, amma yin amfani da ya kamata a da sarrafawa.

Af, a nan ya zama dole in yi ajiyar. Cutarwa ga jikin mutum ba asbestos kayayyakin, da kuma lafiya barbashi wannan ma'adinai a cikin iska a cikin wani nau'i na slurry. Yawancin lokaci dakatar kawai a filin ci gaba da za a iya gani lafiya asbestos ƙura a wasu fasaha matakai na daban-daban da masana'antu, ko a hallaka tsohon gine-gine. Yana bukatar gangan murkushe asbestos-dauke da samfurin (wannan allo) don samun qeta barbashi a cikin gida yanayi.

Duk da haka, wani samfurin a kan lokaci za a fara rushe. A tsufa na ma'adinai zaruruwa ake raba cikin ƙura, shi ne wani abu da kuma zai iya zama wani allergen ga jikin mutum. Da zarar a cikin huhu, shi ya kasance a wurin har abada ruinous asbestos. Lalacewar kiwon lafiya, girma a cikin nama, shi ya kawo babban. Ko da yake da farko ãyõyin cuta na iya faruwa ne kawai bayan shekaru da dama. An sani cewa mutanen da suka zo a cikin lamba tare da kura, daban-daban ciwon daji ilimi, a kan talakawan akwai kawai 7 shekaru daga baya, da yawa marasa lafiya ya dauki ko da ya fi tsayi.

tsoratarwa statistics

A cewar World Health Organization statistics (WHO), cewa asbestos sa ciwon daji na numfashi tsarin 20% da marasa lafiya. Saboda haka, ta wurin ƙin asbestos fasahar duniya.

A Sanadin cutar

Har yanzu ba share daidai da yadda da asbestos ƙura sa cutar huhu. Kusantar wajen samar da munanan faruwa saboda rauni ga mucous membranes, haddasa hyperplasia, metaplasia, kuma epithelial yaduwa. Bayyananen metaplasia hade da sinadaran abun da ke ciki na wasu iri ma'adinai dauke da kieselguhr. Akwai ra'ayoyin cewa zargin oncological cututtuka na bronchopulmonary tsarin ba da taimako zuwa ga sinadaran Properties na asbestos, kuma mai tsanani bronchiectasis canje-canje faruwa a sakamakon da akai inhalation daga turɓãya.

Duk da haka, a cikin wani hali, da dalilin da cutar ne numfashi fili kumburi tafiyar matakai kamar na kullum rhinopharyngitis da bronchiolitis lalacewa ta hanyar inji da kuma sinadaran daukan hotuna zuwa asbestos ƙura.

Ki kula da kanki kuma ku masõyansa. Kada sha daga tareda žata effects na cutarwa turɓãya!