Artwork ado Folk Art: Nau'in

Ado Folk Art a kasar mu ne wani ɓangare daga sanannun al'adu. Poetic images, motsin zuciyarmu, muhimmi, hanyoyi da kuma gane da dukan mutane. Yana koyar sa a ji da kyau, yana taimaka ta samar da wata daidaituwa ɓullo da hali. Ana dogara ne a kan tsoho m hadisai, na ado zane-zane yana da kyau sakamako a kan ilimi da mutum na nan gaba. Works cewa an halicce shi ne daga mutane sana'a, suna da wani tunani na soyayya ga ƙasar haihuwarsa, da ikon ganin da fahimta da kyau na duniya.

Babban iri na ado art

Don ƙarni m samarwa a baƙauye iyalansu, da kuma tun da XVIII-XIX ƙarni kuma crafts, kawota cikin garuruwa da kauyuka daban-daban na kayayyakin sanya daga lãka, itace da karfe, buga yadudduka, yumbu da katako, toys, kyãwãwa da sauransu. A mafi girma shahararsa da aka samu shahara da hantsinta kuma cheerfulness Gorodets zanen a kan itace, Dymkovo figurines da whistles daga lãka, lukutinskih fentin lacquer kwalaye. Kowace daga cikin wadannan abubuwa - da samfurin na jama'a na ado art. Katako zinariya - Khokhloma zanen - shi ne na babban amfani a Rasha da kuma kasashen waje.

Original crafts sun kasance a cikin Far East, da Rasha ta Arewa, Siberia da kuma Caucasus. Sami daraja da karfe aiki a cikin Dagestani Kubachi, yumbu zanen a Balkhar, notching itace azurfa Untsukul. Folk ado art, jinsunan waxanda suke da matukar bambancin, ya wakilta a sassa daban daban na mu sararin kasa.

Vologda yadin da aka saka - Yaari ado Art

Vologda yadin da aka saka sun zama mashahuri a Turai manya a karshen da XVIII karni. Kuma a cikin lokaci, da yawa 'yan kasashen waje kuskure yi imani da cewa yadin da aka saka saƙa a Rasha ne kawai a Vologda. A gaskiya Elec, Kirishi, Vyatka ma da dalili ya zama alfahari da kayayyakin. Kusan dukkan su suna da nasu musamman fasali. Saboda haka, da ban sha'awa sosai Mikhailovskoe canza launin yadin da aka saka. A kasar mu, suka samu ba kasa rare fiye da Vologda. Duk da haka, kamar daruruwan shekaru da suka wuce, shi ne a Vologda je ga wani snow-fari mu'ujiza.

openwork sassaƙa

Openwork sassaƙa qawatawa abubuwa sanya na ƙashi na daga kananan size: kwalaye, kayan ado kwalaye, rataye-rataye, brooches. Artwork ado Folk Art - Kashi yadin da aka saka - don haka poetically kira openwork sassaƙa.

A mafi yadu amfani uku iri na ado da ke cikin yankan da kashi:

• Lissafi - interweaving na Lines da kuma masu lankwasa.
• Kayan lambu.
• Rocaille - stylization siffar wani seashell.

M openwork thread amfani don ƙirƙirar qagaggun tushen ado da mãkirci. A albarkatun kasa ne talakawa saniya kashi.

Fine aiki na openwork sassaƙa bukatar musamman kayayyakin: Allura, scribing, Klepikov, jigsaws.

Beading

Beading iya zama alfahari da dogon tarihi, kamar yadda ya aikata da beads. The mazaunan zamanin d Misira farko ƙware da fasaha na saƙa hadaddun necklaces a kan tushen da kananan launin beads sanya na gilashi, da kuma ado da tufafin. Amma da gaske blossomed dutsen ado samar a karni na goma. Domin shekaru masu yawa, mazauna Venice cinkin dabaru na cinikayya. Beads ado alatu purses da jakunkuna, takalma, tufafi da sauran Nifty abubuwa.

Lokacin da beads bayyana a Amurka, ya ya maye gurbin gargajiya kayayyakin amfani da 'yan asalin mutane. Ga su trimmed shimfiɗar jariri, kwanduna, da 'yan kunne, snuff.

Mutanen Far Arewa da aka yi wa ado da rataye kõre da takalma, dasu, reindeer harnesses, headgear.

batik

Batik - zanen da zane da hannunsa ta amfani da kayyade tsarin. Technology dogara ne a kan kallo cewa wani roba m, paraffin, a lokacin da amfani da masana'anta ba, sun shige ta da Paint kanta.

Akwai da dama iri na batik - nodular, zafi, Shibori, sanyi.

Sunan "batik" Indonesian, wanda ke nufin "to zana", "ƙyanƙyashe", "rufe da saukad."

Wannan zanen da aka yi amfani da tun sau mutanen Indiya da Indonesia. A Turai, batik ya zo a cikin karni na ashirin.

zanen

A zanen ne daya daga cikin mafi tsoho siffofin ado art. Yana da aka ga ƙarni wani ɓangare na 'yan asalin al'adu da rai daga cikin mutane. A Rasha almara, irin wannan ado art ne mai tartsatsi ne.

Ga wasu iri zanen:

• Zhostovo zanen - da aka sani Rasha craft, wanda ya bayyana a cikin XIX karni a kauyen Zhostovo, ba da nisa daga Moscow. A nasa ne mafi mashahuri handicrafts, wanda ƙirƙirar Rasha jama'a art. Famous Zhostov trays fentin da hannu. Mafi sau da yawa wanda aka nuna bouquets na furanni a kan wani baki bango.
• Gorodets zanen - craft, wanda ya bayyana a cikin tsakiyar karni XIX a birnin Gorodets. Zanen daban-daban haske da conciseness. Topics shi - figurines da dawakai, Genre al'amuran, fure alamu. Ado ƙõfõfi, shutters, furniture, kadi ƙafafun.
• Khokhloma zanen - daya daga cikin tsofaffin sana'o'i. Yana bayyana a cikin XVII karni Khokhloma, kusa Nizhny Novgorod. Khokhloma zanen - ado zane na katako abubuwa, sanya a kan zinariya bango na baki, ja, wani lokacin kore. Bayan jitu ne da za'ayi shafi kayayyakin musamman abun da ke ciki da kuma aiki sau uku a wani gini wanda cinma musamman zuma-launi zinariya. Domin gargajiya Khokhloma ne Rowan berries da kuma strawberry ja, rassan da furanni. Sau da yawa a cikin qagaggun featured dabbobi, kifaye, tsuntsaye kuma, yin aikata a cikin wani gaske aiki na jama'a na ado art. Katako zinariya - don haka ne sau da yawa kira Khokhloma zanen.

Saba da daban-daban batutuwa na kasa crafts amfani a kindergarten yara ta ci gaba.

Dymkovo abun wasa

Products Kirov Masters karin haske alamu da unconventional rabbai da kuma siffar. All elate ado, yi wa ado, fentin lafiya Ladies-frantihi, ponies, roosters, awaki. Dymkovo farko abun wasa bayyana a cikin 1811. A hutu Vjatskom sayar lãka tsana fentin. Clay toys aka sanya Masters Dymkovo kauyen. Suka yi shi tare da iyalansu.

Yanzu da factory samar Dymkovo toys, aiki a Kirov.

filimonovo abun wasa

Babu kasa shahara jama'a art yana da wani a kauyen, cibiyar Filimonovo kusa Tula, inda aka haife girma lãka toys. Mutane da dabbobi, sanya ta sana'a, daban-daban zato siffofi da kuma babban expressiveness. Wannan baƙauye, Ladies, maza, da shanu, mahaya dawakai, da na tumaki. Filimonov toys ba za a iya rikita batun tare da sauran, kamar yadda suka kawo su musamman siffofin a cikin nau'i na sculpting da kuma zanen. Sun wasa duk da launuka na bakan gizo.

The yaro, wanda ya ga filimonovo abun wasa mallakan wadanda ba misali launi da kuma siffar, awakens kerawa.

Kargopol abun wasa

Kargopol - wani tsohon birnin, wanda mazauna sun dade da aka tsunduma a kumar kasko. Mafi yawa suka yi jita-jita, amma wasu artists tsunduma a wani lãka wasan yara. Duk da haka, a 1930 da sana'ar kamun kifaye da ya zo a cikin disrepair. Tanadi Kargopol nazarinsa ya faru a 1967.

Kargopol toys duba mafi tsananin kan bango na haske Dymkovo da Filimonovsky. launi gamut up launin ruwan kasa, baki da duhu koren launi. Akwai da yawa fun, mai sauki, amma a lokaci guda breathable zafi da kuma mutumci. Wannan baƙauye mata, bearded maza, 'yar tsana da kadi dabaran.

Gzhel crockery

Kusa Moscow ne kauye na Gzhel. Daga 14th karni can aka tsunduma a kumar kasko. Daga cikin jita-jita cewa bari Kvasnikov - faranti da kuma toys da ake fentin ruwan kasa da kuma rawaya-kore launuka don tukwane. Yanzu ain bayar Gzheli, ne duniya shahara. Dalilin wannan - na musamman da siffar da zane. Gzhel ain daban-daban blue zanen, sanya a kan wani farin baya. Duk da haka, da blue ba kama. Idan ka duba a hankali, za ka iya gane da dabara inuwõwi da rabin-sautunan, samar da tunani na blue sama, kogin da lake ruwa. Bugu da kari ga jita-jita a Gzheli nuna toys da kuma kananan sculptures. Duk da cewa ta sa master, karin jituwa tsari da kuma abun ciki. Wannan shi ne wani yanki na real jama'a ado art. Gzhel saya kowa da kowa mafarkansu.

Ado Arts a kindergarten

Ma'adanin na jama'a artists ne wani kadara ba kawai ga manya. Yana da muhimmanci ga yara, wanda zai iya wasa da babbar sha'awa da kuma tare da Matryoshka na itace, da kuma lãka toys Kirov sana'a. Art awakens mutane ta sha'awa a cikin yara asali ra'ayoyi, da kuma m hasashe. Shi ne m ga yara, tun da abun ciki ne mai sauki da kuma dunkule, amma a lokaci guda ya buɗe sama a gaban yaro kyau na duniya a kusa da shi. Ga kuma fi so aljanna-labari siffofin dabbobi, wanda aka sanya daga lãka, ko da itace, da kuma ado da furanni, berries da kuma ganye, ba kawai da wahayi a rayuwa. Jagora, tsunduma a Manufacturing lãka toys, sau da yawa fenti da aikin alamu na lissafi siffofi: tube, zobba, da'irori. Wadannan alkaluma kuma suke gane jariran. All lãka kuma itace kayayyakin a kindergartens ba kawai ciki da ado. Jagorancin wani gogaggen malami, mutane suna neman a hankali a gare shi, yin su zane da kuma yin tallan kayan kawa bisa samfurori da handicrafts.

Ado Folk Art a kindergarten shi ne wani ɓangare na rayuwar yara, kawo su farin ciki, da fadada sãsanni, exerting tabbatacce tasiri a kan m iyawa. A cikin pre-makaranta makarantu ya zama wani isasshen yawan handicrafts. Wannan ba ka damar ado da ciki na kungiyoyin, Ana ɗaukaka su bayan wani lokaci. Art guda ana nuna wa yara lokacin gudanar da tattaunawa game da jama'a artists. Duk da irin wannan abubuwa da ya kamata a adana a cikin kabad na pedagogy binciken. Suna bukatar da za a kullum updated kuma rarraba wa kamun kifi. Matasa yara bukatar saya, fun toys juya katako toys. tsakiyar rukuni na mutane mafi dace Filimonov da Kargopol. Yara mazan kungiyoyin da damar zuwa duk wani nau'i na jama'a toys, ciki har da lãka da kuma itace.

Ado gyare-gyaren a kindergarten samar da yara jita-jita, da dama Figures a kan jigogi na jama'a toys. Bugu da kari, yara za su iya yin ado kananan tsana, kyautai domin uwaye, grandmothers, maza da mata, domin biki Maris 8.

Ƙarƙashin rinjayar da karatu tare da batutuwa na kasa da crafts da yara ne mafi warai sha'awar koma zuwa zane-zane a kan jigogi na Rasha jama'a tãtsũniyõyin. Folk toys dũkiyar talakawansa da yun} urin da tunanin wani yaro a aji tallan kayan kawa, yin shi aukaka ilmi game da duniya da na kewaye da shi. Classes yin amfani da matsayin misalai na jama'a art abubuwa ba yara damar ci gaba da tuna.

Duk da haka, da kyau sakamako na wannan shi ne cimma kawai idan yaro consistently da kuma tsare gabatar da batutuwa na zane-zane da kuma sana'o'i. Bisa ga ilimi da suka haifar da hannuwansu ado ayyukansu. Ana kiran su zuwa haifa aikin jama'a na ado art (wani). Photos, idan ba a gaban aiki da kanta, taimaka wa yaro su yi tunanin cewa ya zai zana ko sculpt.

Desire yara su shiga cikin halittar kyau abubuwa ne sun fi mayar da niyya ta da hankali na malamin to wadannan al'amurra. Ya zama dole ne sane da jama'a crafts, za a sanar da game da tarihin su bayyanar. Idan malami ya san wanda kasa crafts hada wannan ko da wasa, da kuma iya zama da ban sha'awa ya yi magana game da Masters yin wadannan kayan wasa, da yara za su yi sha'awar, kuma bã su da wani marmarin yin m.

Zane-zane, a yan maki

Ado Folk Art a cikin jariri makaranta damar yara komawa zuwa ga kafofin na kasa da al'adunsu, da m al'adunmu. A duniya ta yau, binciken ya na kasa al'adu taskõkin - mafi muhimmanci aiki na halin kirki da ilimi na yara, su juya su a cikin kishin kasa na kasar su. A jama'a crafts aiwatuwa rai na al'umma an tada tarihi memory na zamaninsu. Kawo wani cikakken fledged hali, wajen samar da ta m for halin kirki, ado dandano, yara ba zai iya zama, idan magana game da aiki za a rage zuwa m tattaunawa. Bayan duk, ayyukan gwani sana'a ne misali na mafi kyau halaye na kasa harafin: shi ne tada daraja da kansa tarihi da kuma hadisai, soyayya ga kasar a matsayin dukan, kuma zuwa wurin da aka haife shi a musamman, tawali'u, so ga kyakkyawa, mai hankali da jituwa.

Yadda za a tsara ilimi tsari haka cewa soyayya na kasa ya ba kawai kyawawan magana, amma gaske corresponded zuwa ciki jigon ƙaramin tsara? Abin da za a iya yi idan babu wasanni cewa bayyanãwa starkly jigo na kishin kasa? A wannan fitowar, ba shakka, shi bukatar wani Hadakar m. Ɗawainiya halin kirki-ado da ilimi dole ne a jawabi systemically.

The yaro gane abin da aka faruwa, shi ne samarwa a yi la'akari da darasi na jama'a na ado art (wani). Wani misali na irin wannan aiki zai taimaka wajen fahimtar batun.

A zamani shekaru bukatar magani ga sosai asalin art. Storage, augmentation na gargajiya, da ci gaban da hadisai - irin wuya ayyuka ta malamai, malamai, artists.

Zane-zane, a makarantar sakandare

Kamar yadda suka samu mazan, yara za a fara fahimtar mafi kuma mafi abin da wani aiki na jama'a na ado art. Grade 6 kuma tsare nazarin wannan tambaya.

The aikin shirin a nazarin zane-zane, a sa 6 samar da uku main iri m aiki:

1. Graphic aiki (zanen, zane).
2. Ado ayyukansu (ado, zane-zane, appliques).
3. Kallon duniya tafi da (tattaunawar).

Wadannan jinsuna damar yara don matsahi na saba da duniyoyin da art. Tuni a cikin shakka daga soyayya ya bayyana yadda a hankali wadannan yankunan da nawa suka ci gaba da juna a cikin tsari na magance ayyuka kafa ta shirin. A cikakken bincike ne dole ya zama ƙarƙashin kowane yanki na jama'a na ado art. Grade 6 - yana da lokaci domin ci gaban m iyawa.

Zane ne ya koyar da makarantu a kusa lamba tare da sauran abubuwa. Yana amfani da ilimi samu daga nazarin adabi, music, Rasha harshen, tarihi, da fasaha, ilmin halitta. Wannan ya sa ya yiwu don gane m ma'anar daga cikin darussan da na zane-zane, da m larura. A hanya adabi ne ma ake karatu da irin wannan topic a matsayin "ayyukan jama'a na ado art". Muqala (Grade 6) damar da dalibi ya nuna sanin batun. Yara godiya da samfurin na sana'a. Suna bukatar su samar da wani aiki da shirin da kuma bayyana wani aiki na jama'a na ado art (wani). 5-6 sentences ga kowane mataki abu zai isar.

Ado Folk Art da kuma Rasha

Kuma Tatarstan da sauran Rasha yankuna shafi jama'a art. Tatar ado aiki mai haske da kuma multifaceted. Yana yana da saiwoyinsa a tsohon maguzancin sau - VII-Sabunta karni. A Kazan Khanate na Volga Bulgaria da kuma ci gaban art kula su bi Hadisi. Jagoranci Trend kasance iri-iri na furanni da na fure kayayyaki. Wannan irin juna fiye bayyana kanta a siffofin daban-daban na Tatar art. Ado ƙawata raƙĩƙi, da fata mosaic, itace sassaƙa da na dutse, da tukwane, da kayan ado, rubutun. Zoomorphic style ne tartsatsi a cikin Bulgaria samfurin Masters arna sau.

A peculiarity na Rasha ado art ne ta taro hali. A Rasha ado art sau da yawa a asirce. Gambs furniture da kuma kayan ado Faberge, da togiya maimakon mulkin. Anonymous Masters halitta Masterpieces na zanen, sakar gidansa, kayayyakinsa da kuma toys. Artistic samar da Rasha za su iya zama girman kai na cikin halittar girma dabi'u a fannoni daban daban.

A farko shaidar high ci gaban Forging da kuma kayan ado masana'antu za a iya samu daga cikin Scythians da jĩkõki da suka rayu a cikin ƙasa da mikewa daga Black Sea a Siberia. A nan, da amfani da aka bai wa Scythian dabba style. Northern Slavs, a lamba tare da mazaunan Scandinavia, ado da wani ɓaɓɓake hada da mutane da dabbobi da jikin, wanda fancifully lauye. A cikin Urals Finno-Ugric kabilan sanya layu da images of bears da Wolves, suna yi na itace, da na dutse, ko tagulla.

icon-zanen nazarinsa sun mai yawa cikin Rasha. A Palekh na Ivanovo yankin raya sosai lafiya dada zanen a kan batutuwa na jama'a tãtsũniyõyin kuma songs by baki lacquer. Daga zamanin d Rum zo mana filigree art na cloisonné enamel, stamping, Beading, black, sassaka openwork itace da kashi. A XVII karni na ado arts ci gaba a cikin ci gaban da m samar. Yana fentin enamel Rostov, Nizhny Novgorod zare a bukkoki, blackening a kan azurfa a cikin Great Ustyug. Works of jama'a artists na ado art ado haikalin da kuma manyan gidãje.

A lokacin Bitrus ya zo a cikin Vogue Yammacin abubuwa: furniture, faience. Tun da XVIII karni madubi farkon da za a yi amfani da ko'ina. MV Lomonosov ƙware ma'adanin na gilashi, madubai da mosaic smalt. Talented gine-ginen na XVIII da kuma farkon karni na XIX raya ayyukan ado abubuwa ciki da ado. Wasu daga cikin gine-ginen da cewa zamanin ya fara aiki tare da Popular aiki, kamar Rossi da kuma Voronikhin. A fadar kotu da kuma nobility Rasha kawota yawa umarni kamfanoni da cewa sun gudanar isa saman fasaha. Wadannan kamfanoni sun hada da Kuznetsovsky shuke-shuke kumar kasko da ain, ain factory Popovski.

A binciken da na gargajiya da kuma crafts nuna cewa popularization na gargajiya a hanya mafi kyau rinjayar biyu manya da yara. Wannan ya kawo da na ado dandano, da inganta harkokin bayyanar bukatun ruhaniya, yana sa a ji na kasa da girman kai da kuma bil'adama. Bayan duk, da ban mamaki m abubuwa halitta da jama'a artists, mutane wanda yanayi ya baiwa iyawa, tunanin da alheri.