Zanen "Morning na Strelets Kisa". Description zanen Vasiliya Surikova "Morning na Strelets 'Kisa'

Zanen "Morning na Strelets Kisa" goga Vasily Surikov yana sanya unprepared viewer tsaya cak yayin. Me ne wanda aka nuna a nan? A fili yake cewa mutane ta bala'i: da duniya sha'awa ba ba dalili to shakka shi. Har ila yau a cikin hoto da za ka iya gani - da kuma koyi - tsar Bitrus da farko. Rasha sauraro ne mai yiwuwa mafi kyau da aka sani episode a tarihin kasar, a lokacin da wani Royal Moscow shelves, ta amfani da rundunar sarki a kasashen waje ya tashi. Amma abin da ya sa su a wannan haddin shari'a? Kuma abin da artist ya so ya ce masa zanen? Lalle ne, duk da m sunan, hoton ba zai iya ganin wani na rataye ko fille kansa. Bari mu yi kokarin fahimtar wannan.

The official version of events

Peter girma ta 'yar'uwarsa, Sophia A., wasa a cikin Novodevichy Convent, bai bar fãtan su zauna a kan gadon sarautar Rasha. Shan amfani da rashi na wanta, ta ce Bitrus canza. Ta yi kira ga maharba su zo ta taimaka da kuma kare Rasha daga mamayewa na kãfirai (watau Turai manajoji, wanda sarki gayyace daga Jamus da kuma Netherlands). Muka karɓa ta kira 175 sojojinta daga cikin hudu regiments. Suka isa Moscow tare da wata takarda a cikin watan Maris 1698. A farkon watan Afrilu, suka gudanar da korar daga Moscow, amma suka kõma zuwa ga regiments da kuma tawaye. Ya burin da aka gina a kan kursiyin Sophia, kuma idan ta ki yarda da mulkin - da kõre V. V. Golitsyna. Gwamnatin aika dubu biyu da 'yan tawaye a kan hudu regiments na sojan doki da kuma daraja. A watan Yuni, yi tawaye aka mur, da kuma "mafi? Ata instigators" rataye. Kwatanta safe Strelets'execution, Surikov daukan kamar yadda ta da asali da hukuma version. Wannan shi ne wani aiki na gaskiya, an cika 22 ko Yuni 28, 1698. Sa'an nan, bisa ga tarihi, da hamsin da shida mutane aka rataye.

Safe Strelets'execution tarihi

A gaskiya ma, taro danniya lokacin da ya fara Bitrus ya koma Rasha (25 Agusta 1698). Sarkin ya qaddamar da ya jagoranci sake gudanar da bincike. A halin yanzu Strelets'execution safe, da watsuwar wanda ya bada mamaki jami'an diplomasiya a lokacin, shi ya faru a ranar 10 ga watan Oktoba. Sai aka rataye da fille kansa dubu biyu maharba. Biyar daga cikinsu, da Sarkin kaina fille kansa. Ya bai bar kowa ba, ba su duba wani jinsi ko shekaru. Biyu yammãta na 'Yan'uwansa mata ya yi umurni da aka binne a cikin ƙasa da rai. The 500 maharba, da suke ma matasa, da Sarkin warware daga kisa, amma suka yanke da hanci, kunnuwa, sa hatimi da kuma aika zuwa zaman talala. A danniya ci gaba har sai da bazara na 1699. Rufe da kashe sarki, wanda aka dauke a fan of Turai dabi'u, yarda ne kawai a watan Fabrairu.

A tarihin rubuce-rubuce zane

Saboda haka shi yana so ya gaya wa viewer da zanen "Morning na Strelets Kisa", wanda yake a cikin Jihar Tretyakov Gallery nuni a Moscow? Wannan shi ne na farko manyan zane Vasiliya Surikova, wanda ya sa wa masu sauraro. Ya yi aiki a kan shi na shekaru uku - daga 1878 zuwa 1881 Me cikin artist ya juya zuwa ga jigo na Rasha tarihi? Kila ce tsaya a cikin tsohon birnin Moscow, inda ya koma bayan da St. Petersburg Academy of Arts. An ce, a farko da artist so su nuna a kan zane, da kuma 'yan aka rataye. Ya ko da kusantar da almara. Amma daya daga cikin kuyanginku a cikin gidan lokacin da ya gan su, suma. Saboda haka Surikov ba sama da ra'ayin buga da kallo. Amma ban tausayi foreboding azãba rike mu a akai tashin hankali. Wannan ji ne mafi tsananin ƙarfi daga wurin jini al'amuran. Zanen "Morning na Strelets Kisa" kamar harajin Tretyakov. Ya nan da nan ya saye shi. Kuma daga baya kara da tarin ne biyu daga cikin mayen a tarihi jigogi - "Boyar Morozova" da "Menshikov a Berezovo".

abun da ke ciki

Wannan manyan zane (379 x 218 santimita) kaga man fetur. Zanen "Morning na Strelets Kisa" da aka ci a cikin duhu canza launi, wanda kara Nazari da bala'i da kuma gloom na lokacin. Artist koma ga sami ban sha'awa a cikin ginin qagaggun. Ya rufe da nisa tsakanin abubuwa a kan Red Square. A zanen shige dama Kremlin hasumiyar da bango, St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo da wurin kisa. Saboda haka, kawai 'yan dozin haruffa haifar da abin mamaki na da wata babbar taro, NUNA da Rasha mutane. Yana da muhimmanci cewa adadi na sarki ne a bango. Don autocrat da za a gani, da artist ya nuna shi a kan doki. Bitrus ne "a duel look" tare da daya daga cikin musketeers, wanda ya karya sauka a karkashin nauyin danniya. Sarkin gane cewa ba shi da iko a kan m ruhu na mutane, da kuma ta wurin rage unquenched.

launuka

Domin da zanen "Morning na Strelets Kisa" Surikov amfani da wani arziki palette. Farkon kaka safe bayan wani ruwa dare a lokacin da square har yanzu rataye hazo hidima m bango a kan abin da mafi fili ya bayyana da fari shirts kaso streltsi da kyandirori a hannuwansu. Bright tabo, jawo ra'ayoyi na kallo, tsaye wani m tare da ja gashi. Ko da yake hannunsa da aka daura da ƙafafunsa crammed cikin mari, ya bayyana sarai cewa ruhunsa ba karya. Yana alama ce babban harbi har da wutar kyandir, wanda ya matse a hannunsa. White shirts da launin toka bango, da grisaille laushi da haske tufafi na mazaunan wadanda sau. Red kerchief kadan yarinya da zinariya-gashi Strelets 'matar da viewer da aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga baqin ciki al'umma.

symbolism

A cikin zanen "Morning na Strelets kisa," da artist ya aza wani code, m ga kowa da kowa. Da fari dai, yawan "7". Wannan nawa maharba wanda aka nuna a kan zane (daya daga cikinsu ya riga ya kawar da kisan - shi ne kawai a kona kyandir - wata alama ce da madawwamin rai). Haka kuma an gani bakwai surori na Cathedral of Vasiliya Blazhennogo. Zanen bango ruwa ma daukawa a boye ma'anar. M Kremlin hasumiya yayi dace da adadi na Tsar Peter girma, yayin da haske, m shugaban coci alamar bukatun na Rasha Orthodox mutane, kakakin na ideas da aka kashe, da kuma maharba.