Armenia Ancient tarihi, kwanakin, Culture

History of Ancient Armenia yana da fiye da shekara dubu, da Armenia sun rayu tun kafin al'umman zamani Turai. Su wanzu kafin zuwan mutãnen farkon - da Romawa da Girkawa.

A farko ambaci

kowa sunan "Arminius" a cuneiform Persian shugabanni. Herodotus ambaci matsayin "Armenia" a cikin rubuce-rubucen. A cewar daya daga version, shi ne wani Indo-Turai mutane suka aura daga Turai zuwa XII karni. BC. e.

Wani jarrabawa ya furta cewa, praarmyanskie tribal ƙawance tashi a karon farko a cikin Armenian tsaunuka da 4-3 Millennium BC Sũ ne waɗanda suka, a cewar wasu masana kimiyya, samu a cikin waka: "The Iliad" by Homer kira "Arima".

Daya daga cikin tsofaffin Armenian sunayen - Hi, - a kan bada shawarwari na kimiyya, da masana zo daga "Hayasa" sunan mutane. Wannan sunan da aka ambata a kan wani lãka Bahitte allunan cikin II Millennium BC. e samu a lokacin archaeological tono Hattushash -. zamanin d Bahitte babban birnin kasar.

Akwai shaida da cewa Assuriyawa kira wannan kasa ta yankin kõguna - Nairi. A cewar daya daga cikin jarrabawa, shi hada da 60 daban-daban al'ummai.

A farkon da IX. BC. e. akwai wani iko da mulkin Urartu tare da Van babban birnin kasar. An yi imani da cewa wannan tsoho jihar a cikin ƙasa na Tarayyar Soviet. Urartu wayewa, wanda mayẽwa sun Armenia, ya quite m. Akwai wani da aka rubuta da harshen dogara ne a kan Kaldiyawa-Assuriyawa cuneiform, noma, da shanu kiwo da kuma metallurgy.

Urartu ya shahara domin gina impregnable birãnensu fasaha. A kan ƙasa na zamani Yerevan akwai biyu daga gare su. Farko - Erebuni, aka gina daya daga cikin na farko sarakuna Argishti. Ita ce ta ba da sunan da zamani , babban birnin kasar Armenia. Na biyu - Teishebaini tushen sarki Rusa II (685-645 KZ ...). Da shi shi ne na karshe pravitelel Urartu. A jihar bai iya tsayayya da iko Assuriya, da dukan mutu daga ta makamai.

An maye gurbinsa da wani sabon jihar. A farko sarakuna na zamanin d Armenia - Tigran Eruand. A karshen kamata ba za a rikita batun tare da shahararrun mulkin Tigran Mai girma, wanda daga baya zai razanar da Roman Empire da kuma haifar da wata babbar daular a Gabas. Akwai wani sabon al'umma, kafa a sakamakon assimilation na Indo-Turawa tare da na gida tsoho kabilan Hayami da Urartu. Saboda haka sabon jihar al'amarin - Ancient Armenia da ta al'adu, harshe.

vassals Farisa

A lokacin, Farisa, shi mai iko jihar. Dukan mutane da suka rayu a Asiya, suka yi biyayya. Wannan ãƙibar Armenian mulkin. Persian mulke su dade fiye da karni biyu (550-330 gg. BC. E.).

Greek masana tarihi na Armenian zamanin Farisa

Armenia - wani tsoho wayewa. Wannan aka tabbatar da mutane da yawa tsoho masana tarihi, misali, a Xenophontos V a BC. e. Kamar yadda mahalarta a cikin abubuwan da suka faru marubucin "Anabasis" ya bayyana ritaya daga 10,000 Helenawa ga Black Sea ta cikin kasar, wanda ake ce da Ancient Armenia. Helenawa ga ci gaban tattalin arziki da ayyukan, kazalika da rai na Armenia. Su ne a ko'ina a wannan yankin alkama, da sha'ir, aromatic giya, man alade, daban-daban mai - pistachio, sesame, almond. A zamanin d Helenawa kuma ga a nan zabibi, legumes. Bugu da kari ga kayayyakin da shuka girma, da Armenia bred dabbobi: awaki, da shanu, aladu, da kaji da kuma dawakai. Wadannan Xenophon ce wa zuriyar mutanen da suke zaune a wannan wuri, da aka ɓullo da a cikin tattalin arziki sharuddan. A yawa na daban-daban kayayyakin aka karin. Armenia ba kawai nasu abinci, amma kuma tsunduma a harkokin ciniki tare da makwabta asashe. Hakika, game da cewa Xenophon bai ce wani abu, amma ya jera wasu kayayyakin da ba su girma a yankin.

Strabo a I. n. e. Yana rahoton cewa tsoho Armenia yana da matukar kyau makiyaya domin dawakai. A kasar ne ba na baya zuwa Media a wannan batun, da dawakai kawota shekara-shekara ga Farisawa. Strabo ambaci wajibi na Armenian hakimai, administrative gwamnonin a zamanin mulkin Farisa, da wajibi ya sadar bayan sanannen bikin na Mithras game da dubu biyu matasa foals.

Armenian yaki a zamanin da

Tarihi Gerodot (V BC.) Aka bayyana Armenian sojoji a wancan zamanin, makãmansu. Sojoji sa garkuwoyi, da māsu takaice, takuba, javelins. A kawunansu - wicker kwalkwali, suka shod a high takalma.

A ci daga Armenia Aleksandrom Makedonskim

A zamanin Aleksandra Makedonskogo redrew da taswirar dukan na Asiya Ƙananan kuma Rum. Dukan ƙasashe wata babbar Persian Empire ya zama wani ɓangare na wani sabon siyasa jam'iyya karkashin ikon Macedonia.

Bayan rasuwar Aleksandra Velikogo jihar disintegrates. A gabas kafa Seleucid jihar. Da zarar guda ƙasa na al'umma guda ya kasu kashi uku daban daban a cikin sabon kasa: Great Armenia, dake a cikin Ararat bayyana, Sophene - tsakanin Yufiretis, da cikin manya Hakika na Tigris da Karami Armenia - tsakanin Yufiretis, da cikin manya hanya na Lycos.

A tarihin zamanin da Armenia, ko magana game da wani m dogara a kan wasu kasashe, duk da haka, ya nuna cewa shi da dangantaka kawai al'amura na kasashen waje da manufofin, wanda yana da m tasiri a kan ci gaban da wani nan gaba a jihar. Shi ne mai irin samfur na wani m jamhuriyar cikin m dauloli.

Armenian shugabanni sau da yawa kira Basileus, watau sarakuna. Suka kuma kiyaye kawai wani m dangantaka, aika da cibiyar da haraji da kuma sojojin a wartime. Duk wani ƙoƙari na shiga cikin ciki tsarin Armenia bai yi ba Farisawa ba, ba kuma Hellenistic Seleucid jihar. Idan na farko hanya don sarrafa kusan duk da m yankunan, da mãsu mayẽwa daga cikin al'ummai, ko da yaushe canza ciki hanyar da nasara da mutãnensu, tilasta su "mulkin demokra] iyya dabi'u" da kuma wani na musamman hanya.

A auka na Seleucid jihar, daidaituwa da Armenia

Bayan da shan kashi na Seleucid Roma Armenia samu wucin gadi 'yancin kai. Roma da aka shirya ba bayan da yaki tare da Helenawa fara zuwa sabon nasarorin da mutane. Wannan kuma ya yi amfani da sau daya united al'umma. Kokarin da aka yi don mayar guda jihar, wanda aka kira "tsoho Armenia."

Ubangijin Great Armenia Artashes ayyana kansa mai zaman kanta sarki Artashes I. Ya hada da dukan ƙasar, wanda ya yi magana da harshe guda, ciki har da Little Armenia. Last Sophene yankin ya zama wani ɓangare na sabuwar jiha daga baya, bayan shekaru 70, sanannen mai mulkin Tigran Mai girma.

A karshe samuwar Armenian

An yi imani da cewa, a karkashin sabon Artashesids daular da akwai wata babbar faru a tarihi - samuwar da Armenian kasa tare da kansa harshen da al'adu. A babban tasiri a kan su ne kusanci zuwa Hellenistic-raya al'ummai. Minting da kansa tsabar kudi tare da Greek inscriptions nuna wani karfi da tasiri a cikin al'adun da makwabta da kuma cinikayya.

Artashat - babban birnin na zamanin d Jihar Great Armenia

A zamanin daular Artashesids bayyana farko da manyan gari. Daga cikin su - birnin Artashat, wanda shi ne na farko babban birnin kasar na sabuwar jiha. A Girkanci nufi "farin ciki Artaxias".

A sabon babban birnin kasar da wani m ɓangaren da a wancan lokacin. An located a kan babban hanya zuwa ga Black Sea mashigai. A lokacin bayyanar da birni ya zo daidai da kafa overland cinikayya links Asia da Indiya da kuma China. Artashat fara saya da matsayi na wata babbar kasuwanci da siyasa cibiyar. Plutarch sosai yabon rawar da birni. Ya ba shi da matsayi na "Armenian Carthage", wanda ke nufin da birni an fassara a cikin harshen zamani, yake haɗa kan bangaskiya duk da kewaye ƙasar. A kan kyakkyawa da alatu na Artashat san duk Rum iko.

The flourishing na Armenian Kingdom

Armenian tarihi tun daga lokacin da ya ƙunshi karin bayanai na da ikon da ke jihar. Golden Age a kusa da lokacin zamanin mulkin Tigrana Velikogo (95-55 shekaru.) - jikan kafa shahara daular na Artashes I. jihar ya zama babban birnin Tigranakert. Wannan birni ya zama daya daga cikin manyan cibiyoyin kimiyya, adabi da wasannin fasaha na duk Ancient Duniya. Top Greek actor yi a gida gidan wasan kwaikwayo, sanannen masana kimiyya da kuma tarihi sun m baƙi Tigrana Velikogo. Daya daga cikinsu - Metrodorus Falsafa ne, wanda yake nuna jin abokin gaba na wani fadada Roman Empire.

Armenia ya zama wani ɓangare na Hellenistic duniya. A Girkanci harshe ya shiga cikin da aristocratic Elite.

Armenia - na musamman na Hellenistic al'ada

Armenia Na a BC. e. - ci gaban da m kasa a duniya. Ta dauki dukan abin da yake mafi kyau a duniya - al'adu, kimiyya, fasaha. Tigran Veliky ɓullo da sinimomi, makarantu. Armenia ya ba kawai a cibiyar al'adu na Hellenism amma kuma karfi a cikin tattalin arziki da sharuddan da ke jihar. Girma cinikayya, masana'antu, da sana'o'i. A rarrabe da jihar shi ne cewa shi bai dauki bautar tsarin cewa amfani da Helenawa da Romawa. Dukan ƙasar da aka bi baƙauye al'ummomi, wanda mambobin sun free.

Tigran Mai girma da aka yada a kan sararin ƙasa. A wani daular cewa rufe babban ɓangare na Asia Ƙananan daga Caspian zuwa Bahar Tekuna. Ta vassals yi yawa al'umma da kuma furta a arewa - Tsibanev, Iberia, a kudu-maso-gabas - Parthia da Larabawa kabilu.

A ci na Roma, karshen Armenian Empire

Yunƙurin Armenia ya zo daidai da tasowar wani gabashin jihar a kan ƙasa na tsohon Tarayyar Soviet - Ponta jagorancin Mithridates. Bayan dogon wars tare da Roma Pont ma rasa 'yancin kansu. Armenia ya a mai kyau makwabtakar da Mithridates. Bayan kaye, ta bar daya a kan daya tare da m Roma.

Bayan doguwar wars united Armenian daular a 69-66 shekaru. BC. e. rududdugaggun. By Tigran ikon ya zauna kawai Great Armenia, wanda aka sanar da "aboki kuma na hannun daman" na Roma. Saboda haka muna kira duka da nasara jihar. A gaskiya ma, cikin kasa ya juya a cikin wani lardi.

Bayan shiga Roman Empire fara tsoho mataki na statehood. A kasar rududdugaggu, ta ƙasashe sanya wa kowace jiha, da kuma gida mutane ne kullum a rikicin da juna.

Armenian haruffa

A zamanin da, Armenia amfani rubuta a kan tushen da Kaldiyawa-Assuriyawa cuneiform. A heyday na Armenia, a lokacin Tigrana Velikogo, kasar tana gaba daya tuba zuwa Girkanci harshe a cikin kasuwanci yawa. A kan tsabar kudi na Greek archaeologists sami rubuce.

A Armenian haruffa an halitta ta Mesrop Mashtots gwada da marigayi - a 405. Asali, shi kunshi 36 letters: 7 vowels da 29 baƙaƙe.

Key 4 graphics samar da haruffa na Armenian - erkatagir, bolorgir, shhagir da notrgir - ci gaba ne kawai a tsakiyar zamanai.