Anglicisms a Rasha harshen: tarihi da kuma ra'ayoyi, misalai. Tasirin anglicisms a kan zamani Rasha harshen

Kowane harshe na halitta a cikin ci gaban tsarin ya koma ga aron kalmomi daga wasu harsuna. Koyo daga irin wannan dangantaka shi ne sakamakon da lambobi da jama'a daban-daban da kuma jihohi. Dalilin aron waje harshen saboda da rashin dace Concepts a cikin ƙamus na wasu kasashe.

Yau, English - kasa da kasa hanyar sadarwa. Wannan shi ne m, saboda Turanci duniya ne gaba na sauran al'ummu a duk duniyoyin na ci gaba. Turanci ta hanyar da yanar-gizo sarari, musamman, social networks, taimaka wajen tafiyar da mutane daga kasashe daban-daban da kuma al'adu.

Interest a cikin wannan harshe ta taso dangane da gabatarwa da pop al'adu. Jarrabawa da American fina-finai, music of daban-daban styles kuma nau'o'i kai ga m gabatarwar Anglicisms a Rasha harshe. New kalmomi fara da za a yi amfani da ga mafi part na yawan jama'ar, ba tare da la'akari da jinsi da kuma zamantakewa matsayi. Turanci sharuddan da aka hanzari yada a duniya. A zamani Rasha wallafe-wallafen harshen, suka dauka a dukan Layer, amma kada ku ƙẽtare 10% na jimlar ƙamus.

tarihi Anglicisms

A tarihin wajen samo daga Turanci zuwa Rasha ta fara kidaya daga ƙarshen XVI karni, kuma har yanzu wannan tsari ba ya hana. Ware 5 asali matakai na raya kasa na Anglo-Rasha harshen hulda. Suna halin biyu da tarihi da kuma ta ilimin harsuna.

History of anglicisms a Rasha harshen fara da samuwar matabbatarta da jirgin na King Edward VI a cikin harbor na St. Nicholas, a bakin Arewa Dvina, Agusta 24, 1505. A Birtaniya an neman a kasuwar, don haka kasashen biyu suka fara wani karfi da kuma fairly yau da kullum da sadarwa. Harshe Lambobin halin da diplomasiyya da cinikayya a tsakaninsu. A wannan lokacin, shi da aka aro nadi matakan, Sikeli, kudi raka'a, siffofin adireshin da lakabobi na lakabi (laba, Shilling, mister, sir).

Phase II mafi yawa ana kira Petrine zamanin. Godiya ga sake fasalin na Bitrus I, kafe dangantaka da yawa Turai Amirka, na da rayayye ya fara yada al'adu, da ilimi, da ci gaban Maritime da kuma soja al'amura. A wannan mataki a cikin Rasha harshen tsinkãyi 3,000 kalmomi na waje asali. Daga cikin su sun kasance game da 300. Anglicisms aka mafi yawa aro kalmomi cewa alaka da marine da kuma soja harkokin (baji, Abraham), iyali lexicon (pudding, naushi, flannel), kazalika da da wuraren kasuwanci, art, adabi, kimiyya da fasaha. Mutane da yawa dauka a kan ƙamus denoting mamaki da kuma matakai ba a baya a san Rasha.

Stage III ya tashi saboda da intensification na Anglo-Rasha dangantakar a karshen XVIII karni dangane da karuwa da Ingila ta girma a duniya. Shigar da harshen da wasanni da kuma fasaha sharuddan (wasanni, kwallon kafa, hockey, dogo), ƙamus daga fanni na zamantakewa dangantakar siyasa da tattalin arziki (sashen, lif, Square, jacket, trolley). A karshen mataki an dauke su tsakiyar XIX karni.

Stage IV halin da zurfin Rasha saba da Ingila da kuma Amurka, da batu na lamba a cikin adabi da wasannin fasaha. Shiga cikin harshen babban adadin anglicisms a cikin wadannan thematic kungiyoyin: tarihi, addini, art, wasanni, iyali da kuma zamantakewa da siyasa Sphere.

Stage V rance (karshen XX karni - a yau). A cikin ƙamus na Rasha mutane sun samu daban-daban kungiyoyin na sharuddan: kasuwanci (littafin rubutu, lamba, mai židayar lokaci, Oganeza), kwaskwarima (concealer, sa-up, dagawa cream), sunayen da jita-jita (hamburger, chisburger).

Yau, da yawa m loanwords je bayan adabi da kuma sana'a sadarwa. The sharuddan amfani da kafofin watsa labarai da kuma tallace, sau da yawa m ga kowa mutum a titi, kuma an tsara don na asali sanin Turanci. Duk da haka Anglicism a Rasha - shi ne na al'ada, da kuma a wasu lokuta tarihi, ko da zama dole.

Sanadin anglicisms a Rasha

A farkon da XX karni, da yawa masana ilimin harsuna sun yi karatu da Sanadin shigar azzakari cikin farji, a waje harshen ƙamus. Duk wani Anglicism a Rasha harshen, bisa ga P. Rat, ya bayyana ga wadannan dalilai:

1. The bukatar to suna da wani sabon abu ko wani abu.

2. A bukatar a bambance kusa isa, amma har yanzu daban-daban Concepts.

3. hali nadi m abu daya ra'ayi, ba 'yan kalmomi sõyayya.

4. The bukatar rabuwa da Concepts ga takamaiman dalilai ko duniyoyin.

5. munasaba, daraja, magana da wani waje ra'ayi.

Dalilan wajen samo daga Anglicisms a zamani Rasha shi ne ainihin yafi m. Daya daga cikin su shi ne gaskiya cewa an kara yawan Rasha magana mutane a Turanci. A wannan yanayin, da yin amfani da wani yaren da iko mutane da kuma rare shirye-shirye kuma ya ba da wani iko impetus ga ci gaban wannan tsari.

abin da ya faru na anglicisms

Kamar yadda riga saukar, aron waje harshe - babban hanya na enriching da harshen, da dalilin da ci gaba da kuma aiki. VM Aristova a cikin aikin sake nazari 3 lokaci na Turanci ƙamus a Rasha harshen:

1. Shigar azzakari cikin farji. A wannan mataki, kawai a aro kalmar shiga cikin harshe da kuma daidaita da wa] iya na Rasha harshe.
2. Assimilation. Wannan mataki ne halin da mataki na jama'a etymology, cewa shi ne lokacin da funny ciki kalma mai cike da kusa-kara ko kama a ma'ana ga ra'ayi.
3. Rutin. A karshe mataki Anglicism a Rasha harshen ne gaba daya wanda aka daidaita, kuma ana rayayye amfani. A sabon ra'ayi daukan kan daban-daban duniyoyin da dabi'u, akwai wani raguwa da kuma cognates.

Assimilation na anglicisms a Rasha

New kalmomi hankali daidaita zuwa harshen tsarin a matsayin dukan. Wannan tsari shine ake kira assimilation, cewa shi ne assimilation. Nazari da bin diddigin rance zama dole domin cikakken duba ƙara da sabon ƙamus da kuma aiwatar da ta karbuwa.

Anglicisms a cikin mataki na assimilation cikin Rasha harshen bambanta a kan wani cikakken assimilated, partially assimilated, unassimilated.

Cikakken assimilated - kalmomin da suka dace duk ma'aunansa na harshe da kuma gane a matsayin 'yan qasar jawabai, nezaimstvovannye kalmomi (wasanni, mutumci, film, da jami'in tsaro).

Partially assimilated - da ra'ayi, da sauran Turanci a cikin rubuce-rubuce da kuma pronunciation. Yawanci, wadannan kalmomi zama a cikin harshen da ba haka ba da dadewa, don haka su aiwatar da koyo ci gaba. Wannan kungiya ne zuwa kashi ilimin nahawu koya kuma graphically (dj, Smiley, azumi abinci, maras tauyewa).

Unassimilated - kalmomi da maganganu da cewa ba su da cikakken gane abin da wajen samo harshe. Wannan kungiyar iya hada Concepts cewa daidai da rayuwar yau da kullum na tushen kasa (da dollar, Ladies, jazz).

Babban matsaloli a cikin binciken na aro da

Matsalar gabatarwar Anglicisms quite sabanin. Wasu kalmomi ana amfani ne kawai saboda an bai wa wani craze. Others, a akasin haka, da kyau tasiri, enriching da complementing Rasha magana.

Akwai da wadannan matsaloli a cikin binciken na aro da:

1. Gano hanyoyin da su koyi sababbin kalmomi.
2. A nazarin samuwar anglicisms.
3. Gano da Sanadin su bayyanar.
4. Ka'idojin dangantakar rance don daban-daban kungiyoyin.
5. Laifi a kan yin amfani da rance.

A warware wadannan matsaloli, masana ilimin harsuna nemi su gano abin da yanayi ne Anglicisms me aka halitta su, wanda halitta da kuma yadda da karbuwa ga Rasha lexicon.

Wajaba a kansa, kuma m Anglicisms

Akwai ya dade gwagwarmaya magoya bayan da kuma abokan adawar na anglicisms. A daya hannun, sabon Concepts wadãtar da kari da Rasha harshe. A gefe - wata barazana ga 'yan qasar harshen ana riskarsa kamar wani hadari ga al'umma. Masana harshe kasaftawa Anglicism 2 kungiyoyin: m, kuma m.

Domin wajaba hada Concepts cewa bai wanzu a Rasha harshe. A wannan yanayin, wajen samo kamar an cika a cikin gibba. Ga misali: waya, cakulan, galoshes.

Domin m aro da hada kalmomi da aka a baya kaddamarda iri sunayen, da kuma bayan shigar azzakari cikin farji cikin Rasha harshen zama na kowa. Wadannan su ne Anglicisms Rasha version, amma mutane amfani da waje, wanda babu shakka damuwa masana ilimin harsuna, kamar yadda wadannan kalmomi bayyana Kalam. Misalan sun ha] Jeep, diapers, copier.

Predisposition al'umma a aro kalmomi

A zamani al'umma, da Turanci terminology ya zama wani makawa ɓangare na Rasha harshe. Relevant ne tambaya na cikin hali na Rasha al'umma to wannan wajen samo.

Anglicisms a Rasha harshen baza tare da duniya rate ne amfani a dukkan duniyoyin da mutum aiki, shi da ake amfani da watsa daga m bayanai. Wasu daga cikin wadannan kalmomi ana amfani da kunkuntar da'irori na masana, don haka sauki, untrained mutum na iya ba nan da nan fahimta da ma'anar.

kan aiwatar da aron damuwa ciki har da talakawa 'yan ƙasa. Duk da haka, shi ne riga babu ja, kamar yadda Anglicisms a zamani Rasha harshen aka ƙara shiga cikin harshen, musamman a fannonin tattalin arziki da kimiyya da fasaha da kuma siyasa.

Level na Turanci kalmomi

Kamar yadda aka ambata riga, da jama'a sau da yawa amfani a cikin jawabin aro kalmomi. Rayayye shi aka bayyana a cikin matasa tsara. Gudanar da yawa sociological karatu, dangane da wanda wadannan karshe za a iya kõma:

1. Mafi yawa daga cikin matasa surveyed ce cewa a yau ba shi yiwuwa a yi ba tare da anglicisms. Duk da haka, da suka fili raba a aro, kuma na asali Rasha kalma.
2. The aiki na matasa ƙarni na wajen samo bayyana ta da ci gaban fasahar kwamfuta da kayan aiki, da yin amfani da yanar-gizo da kuma social networks.
3. A wannan yanayin, duk da matasa sau da yawa ba su fahimci aro kalmomin amfani a kafofin watsa labarai, da siyasa da tattalin arziki Sphere.
4. Ma'anar unknown Anglicisms zaban kawai a kan associative matakin.

misalai Anglicism

Anglicisms a Rasha harshen, misalai na wanda aka gabatar a tebur ga sauƙi na nazari da kuma bincike da aka yawanci kasu kashi da dama yankunan.

Sphere	misalai Anglicism
siyasa	A gwamnati, da magajin gari, da Mataimakin
tattalin arziki	Dillali, zuba jari dila
art	Wasan kwaikwayo, song, wasar kwaikwayo ta waka
kimiyya	Metal, magnesium, galaxy
wasanni	Sports, wasan kwallon raga, fitness
addini	The sufi, mala'ikan
kwamfuta	Phone, allo, website, fayil
music	A hanya, a remake na soundtrack
Household	Bus, zakara, gashi, suwaita, peeling
Maritime haddasawa	Navigator, baji
kafofin watsa labaru,	Content tallafa wa, talk show, gabatarwa

List of anglicisms a Rasha harshen ne m isa. All aro daga harshen Turanci aka gabatar a cikin ƙamus Dyakova A. I.

A peculiarity na yin amfani da anglicisms a kafofin watsa labarai

Kafofin watsa labarai na taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin yaduwar aro kalmomi. Ta hanyar latsa, TV da Internet ƙamus shiga cikin kullum jawabin na mutane.

All Anglicisms cewa an yi amfani da kafofin watsa labarai za a iya raba 3 kungiyoyin:

- ƙamus, wanda shi ne synonymous a Rasha harshen (misali, kalmar monitoring, watau, sa idanu).

- Concepts cewa ba a baya wanzu (misali, wasan kwallon kafa).

- ƙamus, buga a Turanci (misali, Shop Go, Glance).

Rinjayar anglicisms a Rasha

Taƙaita dukan sama, shi ne hadari a ce cewa rinjayar anglicisms a kan zamani Rasha harshen, yana da kyau da kuma korau. Bulo wajen samo lalle ne, haƙĩƙa zama dole, amma ya kamata ba za clogging harshe. Don yin wannan, to gane muhimmancin anglicisms da kuma amfani ne kawai a lokacin da ya cancanta. Kawai sai da Rasha harshen za su ci gaba.

Koyo matakai wajen samo shi ne ban sha'awa a msar tambayar da m sharuddan. Anglicisms a Rasha harshen, tarihi da kuma ra'ayoyi, da al'amurran da suka yi amfani - matsalar ne sosai hadaddun, bukata kara nazari wajen samar da shawarwari.