Ancient Greek lyric mawãƙi Anacreon: biography, kerawa

Lyrics Anacreon, duk da cewa da mawãƙi rayu BC, an har yanzu kiyaye su, da kuma ko da rare. Ba a ma maganar gaskiya cewa tsoho Greek marubuci kawo ci gaban duniya da wallafe-wallafen tsari. Game da biography da kuma aiki da wannan gagarumin mutumin da za mu yi magana a cikin labarin.

Anacreon: biography

Game da babban waƙen ta rayuwa kadan ne da aka sani. Haife Anakreon (Anakreon) a game da 570 BC. e. a birnin Teos, located a kan gaba na Ionia. Daban-daban kafofin ba sunaye daban-daban na mahaifinsa: Eumelus, Aristokrit, Skifian, Parfeny ... Oh uwa Anacreon babu rikodin an kiyaye su.

A cikin wannan birnin, da mawãƙi rayu har game da 545 BC. e. kuma ko da yana da lokaci ya zama sananne ga ta qagaggun. Amma Farisa, jagorancin Sairus, ya zo ga lokacin da za a Teos. Kafin birnin fadi, Anacreon, da kuma sauran 'yan gudun hijira suka gudu zuwa Thrace. Kuna hukunta da kalamai na marubuci da kansa, ya samu damar shiga a cikin wasu fada, amma kadan nasara bai nuna a cikin art na yaki.

Ganawa da Polycrates

Anacreon, wanda biography manufar mu labari, da aka kira su zuwa ga kotu na tanƙwasawa Polycrates na Samos. Yana kuwa ɗan wani m aristocrat Samos, wanda ya zo da iko, wayo lalata daraja gonaki. Anacreon Polycrates zama mai jagoranci da kuma rayu a kotu to 522 shekaru BC. e.

A cewar Herodotus, da tanƙwasawa Anacreon amintacce kuma saurari shawara. A fili a mayar da martani ga wuri na mawãƙi rubuta mai yawa laudatory odes wa m. Anacreon rayuwa a kotu na Polycrates ƙare bayan mutuwa.

Athens

Athens ta zama na gaba birni inda Anacreon rayu. Biography of mawãƙi ya ce yanzu ya aka gayyace zuwa kotu na wani tanƙwasawa - Hipparchus. Wannan m gaji mahaifinsa wallafe-wallafen predilections, wanda aka nuna yabo sosai kerawa Anacreon. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa tanƙwasawa aika da marubuci a dukan ofishin jakadancin, kunsha na hamsin-oared galleys.

Anacreon zo zuwa Athens da kuma Shĩ ne Mai tausasãwa da yawa fice kasida taru a kotun na Hipparchus. Daga cikin su shi ne shahararren Simonides sa'an nan.

A Athens, da mawãƙi ne mai babbar nasara da kuma shi ne Popular tare da jama'a. Saboda haka, Anacreon wani mutum-mutumi a kan Acropolis, kusa da pedestal na abokinsa da kuma 'yan'uwanmu marubuta Xanthippe. Daga cikin lokaci coinage fadin masu nuna Anacreon (zaune, kõ kuwa a tsaye tare da hannuwa da garaya).

A Sabine duwãtsu na Italiya a 1835 da aka samu tsoho mutum-mutumi, wanda yanzu kiyaye a cikin Galleria Borghese. An yi imani da cewa wannan sassaka na Anacreon.

mawãƙi ta mutuwa

Unknown ainihin wurin da kuma lokaci, a lokacin da ya huta Anacreon. Biography of marubuci kusan yanke bayan da an kashe Hipparchus da kuma rushewar da wallafe-wallafen kungiyar da suka kewaye shi. Mafi m, Anacreon koma ƙasarsa ta birnin Teos, inda ya rasu, aka binne shi, bisa ga shaidar Simonides. A cewar wasu kafofin, da mawãƙi kafin ya dawo zuwa mahaifarsa, ziyarci yadi Thessalian sarki Ehekratida, tare a kan wannan tafiya ta Simonides.

Anacreon da aka ambata a cikin Greek centenarians. Bisa ga shaidar Lucian, wani masanin da kuma tarihin, da mawãƙi mutu a 85 shekaru.

Akwai anecdotal version of Anacreon ta mutuwa, aka bayyana ta Pliny da Dattijon. A cewar shi, da mawãƙi mutu, choking a kan innabi tsaba. Duk da haka, wannan version ne ba tsanani dauke tsakanin masana tarihi.

halittar

Fiye da aka sani a game da mawãƙi ta aiki, kamar yadda kuri'a na ayyuka, wanda mawallafa ne Anacreon. ya waqe da aka rubuta a cikin Ionian yare da aka nufi da za a sung ko karanta, tare da kida.

A tarihin ambaci na biyar littattafai, an yi tattalinta domin makaranta na Alexandria. A farko uku kunshi o, na huɗu - daga iambic, kuma na karshe - daga cikin elegiac. Abin baƙin ciki, mun ji kawai kananan wani ɓaɓɓake, da aka ambata a cikin littattafan da daga baya marubuta.

Daga cikin nau'o'i amfani da Aristotle a cikin rubuce-rubuce na ayyukan da ya hada da:

• waka.
• Parfeny (choral songs yi da mata);
• son songs.
• waqe-koke game da hanzari zuwa na tsufa da kuma matasa, na wucewa.
• odes, musamman irin sarakunan da suka patronized shi.

Jigogi kuma motifs

A zamanin d Girkanci mawãƙi a cikin waqe bi zuwa wadanda mutane, dan kadan ba'a sautin. A ra'ayi na kerawa da aka bayyana a cikin sauki Anacreon ji na duniya, wani m hali zuwa ga kansu da sauransu. Ya kasance dan hanya zuwa ga mai juyayi da kuma bege. Babban sababi na duk shayari - sane horar da ma'ana jin dãɗin duniya dukiya: ruwan inabi, soyayya, freethinking.

Tasiri a kan duniya adabi

Babban tasiri a kan duniya al'ada yana Anacreon. Ayoyi daga cikin mawãƙi ba Yunƙurin zuwa dukan galaxy na mabiyansa da kuma koyi, musamman a cikin lokacin da marigayi tsufa da Renaissance da haske.

Saboda haka, a zamanin da Anacreotea tarin aka halitta, inda dukkan ayyukan da aka rubuta a cikin kwaikwayo na Anacreon. Wannan rubutun da aka adana da kuma aka fassara daga Latin, da kuma daga baya aka buga a 1554. halittar tarin Dates daga lokacin da Iskandariya zamanin. Yana da wannan abun da ke ciki Anacreon da bashin da ya wallafa daraja a cikin zamani duniya.

A shahararsa na mawãƙi a cikin 17-18 ƙarni. tsakanin Turai marubuta saboda kawai irin psevdoanakreonticheskimi ayyukansu. A Rasha adabi, da mabiya Anacreon hada G. R. Derzhavina, K. N. Batyushkova, M. V. Lomonosova, A. S. Pushkina.

Ga abin da Anacreon girmama mai hikima

Halaye na Anacreon ba tare da farillai na da shi cewa wanzu tsakanin mawãƙi ta Sahaban, zai zama bai cika ba. Saboda haka, Helenawa Anacreon mutunta ba kawai ga ladabi da style, amma kuma ga hikimar ya nuna a moderation. Duk da yabo da soyayya qawar ruwan inabi sha, da mawãƙi ko da yaushe bi da awo, kuma a gaskiya, kuma a cikin wani. Saboda wannan ya ya iya ci gaba da samun qwaqwalwa ta zahiri m, fun don dubi ikon da suke kewaye da gaskiya, ba tare da faruwa a cikin karfi da kuma mai juyayi. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa a cikin shayari akwai ba yawa da zurfi da richness na tunani, saboda Anacreon rayuwa - wucewa haske da frivolous mataki, cike da nishadi da farin ciki. Saboda haka sauƙi da saukin poetic harshe.

Daga baya Helenawa sun Anacreon a matsayin gaisuwa tsohon mutum, wanda shekaru ba ya tsoma baki da jin dadin rayuwa. A Athens, inda mawãƙi rayu lokaci mai tsawo, sai ya sanya mutum-mutumi a cikin nau'i na tsarkakewa, warmed da ruwan inabi m.

anacreontics

Wannan kalma tana nufin wallafe-wallafen nau'i na shayari, sunã tasbĩhi dukan abin da yake haka m na Anacreon. Wato, fun, jin dãɗin rayuwar, da farin ciki na rayuwar, abinci, soyayya. All kwaikwayo na zamanin d Girkanci marubuta kira anacreontics.

Duk da haka, saboda gaskiyar cewa asalin waqe Anacreon zo mana a fragmentary form, mafi girma da tasiri a mabiyan manyan Greek ya riga ya ambata mu tarin Anacreotea.

A zamanin d Girkanci mawãƙi, sabili da haka, ya bayyana a matsayin wani resilient, ci gaba da farin ciki rayuwar m. Ta haka ne yake gani da kuma ƙaunar da ya Sahaban da zuriyarsa. Duk da haka, duk da irin wannan m hali zuwa ga gaskiya kewaye da shi a cikin poetic ayyukansu, Anacreon a rayuwa, bisa ga shaidar Sahaban, ya sãɓã wa jũna m hankali da kuma mai tsanani hali zuwa kasancewa m.